Visibility Criterion Research Articles

VAT On Imported Services In Africa – Why Consumption And Reverse Charge Concepts Remain Crucial

As exports and imports of services continue to grow globally, Value Added Tax (VAT) on imported services has also taken a centre stage in most countries. Unlike goods, determining the place of consumption for services is often a contentious issue and a source of VAT controversy in many countries. In resolving these controversies, African courts, with a few exceptions, have established a visible criterion for determining the place of consumption of cross-border service transactions that aligns with the OECD International VAT/GST Guidelines. Where consumption is not at issue, most African countries have opted to deploy a reverse charge mechanism blended with a “register and comply” requirement for the foreign supplier in order to administer and collect VAT on the foreign supply (imported service). In this article, the author argues that African countries should deploy a reverse charge mechanism for B2B transactions and only use a “register and comply” requirement by non-residents for B2C services.

Exploratory study to define new observation geometries for road lighting design

This paper focuses on the visibility of road users in urban environment. Firstly, a virtual reality experiment was carried out to determine where road users look on the road surface when travelling in city. The data collected were used to deduce observation angles for each type of road user. Measurements on an experimental site and simulations were carried out with these new observation angles. These were used to assess the impact of changing the observation geometry on the quality criteria of a lighting installation and on the visibility criterion. The results show that increasing the observation angle leads to a reduction in the average luminance but that, despite this, visibility is not affected. This led us to propose adaptations to the current recommendations: using a mobile observer for an observation angle greater than 1° and downgrading by one class when dimensioning a lighting installation in the city in the standard way, while taking into account the visual needs in an urban environment.

Machine learning-based 3D scan coverage prediction for smart-control applications

Automatic control of a workpiece being manufactured is a requirement to ensure in-line correction and thus move towards a more intelligent manufacturing system. There is therefore a need to develop control strategies which are capable of taking precise account of real working conditions and enabling first-time-right control. As part of such a smart-control strategy, this paper introduces a machine learning-based approach capable of accurately predicting a priori the 3D coverage of a part according to a scan configuration given as input, i.e. predicting before scanning it which areas of the part will be acquired for real. This corresponds to a paradigm shift, where coverage estimation no longer relies on theoretical visibility criteria, but on rules learned from a large amount of data acquired in real-life conditions. The proposed 3D Scan Coverage Prediction Network (3DSCP-Net) is based on a 3D feature encoding and decoding module, which is capable of taking into account the specifics of the scan configuration whose impact on the 3D coverage is to be predicted. To take account of real working conditions, features are extracted at various levels, including geometric ones, but also features characterising the way structured-light projection behaves. The method is thus able to incorporate inter-reflection and overexposure issues into the prediction process. The database used for the training was built using an ad-hoc platform specially designed to enable the automatic acquisition and labelling of numerous point clouds from a wide variety of scan configurations. Experiments on several parts show that the method can efficiently predict the scan coverage, and that it outperforms conventional approaches based on purely theoretical visibility criteria.

„Wer um alles in der Welt ist Pom-Pom?”

AbstractThe article deals with the stories of Pom-Pom, which appeared in Hungary from the beginning of the 1980s, initially in the media network of picture books and animated films. Since the 2010s, the characters have increasingly appeared in the public space of Budapest: first in the context of thematic playgrounds, then in the form of mini-sculptures, and finally street art murals. In terms of time, these events coincide on the one hand with the so-called critical threshold, that transition between communicative and cultural memory, and on the other hand they set in at a point in time initiated by the operational end as well as the incipient building decay of the renowned Pannónia film studios. The examples chosen solely according to the criterion of visibility in public space prove to be representations planned, supported and tolerated by the public authorities.

Hybrid meshless-FEM method for 3-D magnetotelluric modelling using non-conformal discretization

SUMMARY We propose a novel method for 3-D magnetotelluric (MT) forward modelling based on hybrid meshless and finite-element (FE) methods. This method divides the earth model into a central computational region and an expansion one. For the central region, we adopt scatter points to discretize the model, which can flexibly and accurately characterize the complex structures without generating unstructured mesh. The meshless method using compact support radial basis function is applied to simulate this area's electromagnetic field. While in the expansion region, to avoid the heavy time consumption and numerical error of the meshless method caused by non-uniform nodes, we adopt a node-based finite-element method with regular hexahedral mesh for stability. Finally, the two discretized systems are coupled at the interface nodes according to the continuity conditions of vector and scalar potentials. Considering that the normal electric field is discontinuous at the interface with resistivity discontinuity, while the shape functions for the meshless method are continuous, we further adopt the visibility criterion in constructing the support region. Numerical experiments on typical models show that using the same degree of freedom, the hybrid meshless-finite element method (FEM) algorithm has higher accuracy than the node-based FEM and meshless method. In addition, the electric field discontinuity at interfaces is well preserved, which proves the effectiveness of the visibility criterion method. In general, compared to the conventional grid-based method, this new approach does not need the complex mesh generation for complex structures and can achieve high accuracy, thus it has the potential to become a powerful 3-D MT forward modelling technique.

Digital Hilal Observation: Evaluating the Authenticity of Hilal Testimonials in Indonesia Using the Digistar-6 Planetarium System

This article aims to provide supporting data to test the authenticity of testimonial claims of sighting the hilal (new moon) that have been received and decided by the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia (RI) from 1962-2021 during the isbat session for the determination of the beginning of the months of Ramadan, Shawwal, and Dhu al-Hijjah. Building upon the results of the author's previous research that revealed inconsistencies in the application of the minimum visibility criteria for the hilal known as imkan al-rukyat by the Ministry of Religious Affairs Indonesia. Approximately 45.5% of the hilal testimonial claims found in the Minister of Religious Affairs' decisions are doubted for their authenticity due to various reasons, including the absence of elongation data and the presence of hilal altitude data below the Ministers of Religious Affairs of Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore (MABIMS) criteria. To substantiate the old data, this article employs the Digistar-6 planetarium system to provide a scientifically accurate 3D visualization of the hilal observation process through a full-dome planetarium. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, this article examines all the testimonial claims data after classifying them based on the application of the imkan al-rukyat theory in MABIMS in Indonesia. The findings show several key points: First, there is no elongation data available in all of these decisions. Second, there is a variation in the use of astronomical calculations for hilal data, especially before the implementation of MABIMS criteria. Third, there is astronomical data on hilal claims post the implementation of MABIMS criteria that are accepted with altitudes below 2°. Fourth, the tendency is that the hilal can be seen with optical aids during hilal altitudes above 3° and elongations exceeding 6°.

Adaptive Content-Aware Influence Maximization via Online Learning to Rank

How can we adapt the composition of a post over a series of rounds to make it more appealing in a social network? Techniques that progressively learn how to make a fixed post more influential over rounds have been studied in the context of the Influence Maximization (IM) problem, which seeks a set of seed users that maximize a post’s influence. However, there is no work on progressively learning how a post’s features affect its influence. In this article, we propose and study the problem of Adaptive Content-Aware Influence Maximization (ACAIM), which calls to find k features to form a post in each round so as to maximize the cumulative influence of those posts over all rounds. We solve ACAIM by applying, for the first time, an Online Learning to Rank (OLR) framework for IM purposes. We introduce the CATRID propagation model , which expresses how posts disseminate in a social network using click probabilities and post visibility criteria and develop a simulator that runs CATRID via a training-testing scheme based on real posts of the VK social network, so as to realistically represent the learning environment. We deploy three learners that solve ACAIM in an online (real-time) manner. We experimentally prove the practical suitability of our solutions via exhaustive experiments on multiple brands (operating as different case studies ) and several VK datasets; the best learner is evaluated on 45 separate case studies yielding convincing results.

A multi-perspective view on visibility in EU design law

Abstract In EU design law, the parameter of visibility must multitask. This article aims to discuss its meaning and legal consequences against the current and amended legal provisions for designs. As the legal notion of a design is the ‘appearance of a product’, visibility has been woven into design features’ requirement of perceptibility to the eye. Visibility also aids in the identification of the object of protection for a registered design through the registration documentation and, analogically, the identification of an unregistered design through proofs of disclosure. By this token, design features visibly displayed by the representation/disclosure of a design determine the comparison between the overall impression of a design and another design/product for the purposes of invalidity or enforcement. The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has also recently framed visibility in the perspective of evidentiary issues of technical functionality. Visibility represents a prerequisite for the assessment of novelty and/or individual character of a design of a component part of a complex product. This article looks into the CJEU’s guidance concerning the protection of parts of products, including the interpretation of the criterion of visibility during normal use that applies to component parts.

Assessment and review of modern lunar crescent visibility criterion

The lunar crescent visibility criterion study is one of the most nontrivial discussions in the field of astronomy. A lunar crescent visibility criterion is used for calendrical determination, and a different lunar crescent visibility criterion results in different dates of calendar. This paper endeavors to provide an assessment for modern lunar crescent visibility criterion using swarm plot analysis, contradiction rate analysis, and regression analysis, based on 8290 collected data of lunar crescent sighting. The result analysis provides new comparative insight on modern lunar crescent visibility criterion, and suggest a new criterion based on the data of lunar crescent sighting.

Breast lesion morphology assessment with high and standard b values in diffusion-weighted imaging at 3 Tesla

IntroductionWith increasing spatial resolution, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) may be suitable for morphologic lesion characterization in breast MRI – an area that has traditionally been occupied by dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging (DCE). This investigation compared DWI with b values of 800 and 1600 s/mm2 to DCE for lesion morphology assessment in high-resolution breast MRI at 3 Tesla. Material and methodsMultiparametric breast MRI was performed in 91 patients with 93 histopathologically proven lesions (31 benign, 62 malignant). Two radiologists independently evaluated three datasets per patient (DWIb800; DWIb1600; DCE) and assessed lesion visibility and BIRADS morphology criteria. Diagnostic accuracy was compared among readers and datasets using Cochran's Q test and pairwise post-hoc McNemar tests. Bland-Altman analyses were conducted for lesion size comparisons. ResultsDiscrimination of carcinomas was superior compared to benign findings in both DWIb800 and DWIb1600 (p < 0.001) with no b value-dependent difference. Similarly, assessability of mass lesions was better than of non-mass lesions, irrespective of b value (p < 0.001). Intra-reader reliability for the analysis of morphologic BIRADS criteria among DCE and DWI datasets was at least moderate (Fleiss κ≥0.557), while at least substantial inter-reader agreement was ascertained over all assessed categories (κ≥0.776). In pairwise Bland-Altman analyses, the measurement bias between DCE and DWIb800 was 0.7 mm, whereas the difference between DCE and DWIb1600 was 2.8 mm. DWIb1600 allowed for higher specificity than DCE (p = 0.007/0.062). ConclusionsDWI can be employed for reliable morphologic lesion characterization in high-resolution breast MRI. High b values increase diagnostic specificity, while lesion size assessment is more precise with standard 800 s/mm2 images.

Disability stereotyping is shaped by stigma characteristics

The literature suggests that people with invisible disabilities face more social difficulties than those with visible ones. Thus, the visibility criterion can constitute a core factor to understand the stigmatisation of people with disabilities. The main aim of this research is to examine if the “warm but incompetent” stereotype associated with disability varies according to the visibility criterion. A complementary aim is to investigate how taking onset controllability into account can help to understand the stereotyping faced by people with a disability. To do this, we conducted four studies, using between- (pilot study) and within-subject (Studies 1a, 1b, and 2) designs. Our results consistently support the hypothesis that stereotypes associated with disabilities vary according to visibility. Specifically, people with invisible disabilities are perceived to be less warm but more competent than those with visible disabilities. Furthermore, more surprisingly, perceived controllability increases both warmth and competence perceptions. These findings highlight the importance of considering the characteristics of a disability to understand stigmatisation.

Analysis of scratch visibility on polymeric surfaces using 3D roughness measurement and the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF)

The evolution of visual aspect of polymers with wear is a fundamental problem in numerous industries. In this article, we study the visibility of scratches. Fifty parallel micro-scratches are performed on three samples differing only by their values of gloss. Scratches are much more visible on glossy samples than on mat ones, in agreement with previous works. To interpret these results, a bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) model is developed to compute the way a surface scatters light based on a roughness measurement described by a distribution of microfacet orientations. In this paper, this BRDF model is applied to investigate the influence of the scratches on the light scattering properties of a surface. Roughness measurements are performed on the surfaces before and after scratching. Then, the BRDFs are computed and compared to each other. The visibility of scratches strongly depends on how much they modify the roughness slope distribution function of the surface. Depending on the initial gloss of the surface, this leads to more or less contrast. Finally, a visibility criterion is proposed based on this contrast effect.

Analysis tool for lunar crescent visibility criterion based on integrated lunar crescent database

The analysis of lunar crescent visibility criteria is vital to provide a comparative insight into lunar crescent visibility criteria performance in predicting the visibility of a lunar crescent and suitability for Hijri calendar determination. While there have been attempts to measure the performance of lunar crescent visibility criteria, these works are in a singular analysis and not a comparative manner, not based on an integrated database of lunar crescent visibility under standardized calculated astrometry, and some are biased towards their lunar crescent visibility criterion. This warrants new research on methods to analyse lunar crescent visibility criteria. Therefore, this research endeavour to develop an analysis tool for lunar crescent visibility criteria using an integrated lunar crescent visibility database. Lunar and solar geometrical positions are calculated using the Skyfield Python library. 8290 lunar crescent visibility records are collected as a reference for analysis. The analysis tool called HilalPy was developed in the form of a Python library, as it enables ease of integration into other software or web pages and has easier deployment onto various operating systems. HilalPy uses descriptive statistics, contradiction rate percentage, and regression analysis as its base analysis, making the calculated result comparable to other lunar crescent visibility criteria. HilalPy is hoped to provide insight into the future development of lunar crescent visibility criteria, particularly for calendrical purposes.

A comparison of numerical stability for ESPH and TLSPH for dynamic brittle fracture

Dynamic brittle fracture is a numerically challenging problem that involves crack nucleation, formation, propagation, and material fragmentation. In this work, we use two forms of Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH), namely Eulerian SPH (ESPH) and Total Lagrangian SPH (TLSPH) augmented with the pseudo-spring or virtual-link analogy for seamless modelling of crack formation, subsequent propagation, and material fragmentation. Being particle-based in nature, SPH is naturally capable of capturing finite deformation in materials, and the pseudo-spring or virtual-link analogies provide modelling of multiple discrete cracks without any additional condition, such as visibility criteria. We simulate the crack branching and propagation in a brittle polymeric material subjected to biaxial tensile loading with a pre-existing central notch. The numerical results using ESPH and TLSPH agree with the previously published experimental and numerical results. We have also simulated the dynamic fragmentation of a cylinder and compared the results. This work shows the capability of both ESPH and TLSPH frameworks to model dynamic brittle fracture especially crack branching and curving. It is also observed that the ESPH and TLSPH frameworks present similar results for minor material deformation problems. However, the ESPH framework shows better stability and capability for finite material deformation problems.

Athermal evolution of nanocrystalline tungsten driven by irradiation

Radiation effects in nanocrystalline tungsten are simulated in the athermal high dose limit, where microstructural evolution is driven not by the thermally activated diffusion of radiation defects, but by the fluctuating stress field resulting from the production and relaxation of defects. Over a large interval of exposure spanning several dpa, samples with smaller grains swell less than those with larger grains, featuring defect denuded zones resulting from the continuously fluctuating atomic configurations at grain boundaries. The grain size distribution broadens as a function of exposure, with the average grain size increasing, subject to the visibility criterion applied to the identification of small grains. This work makes a quantitative analysis of how the dynamic recombination of defects in the grain boundary region, responsible for the known superior radiation resistance of nanocrystalline materials, emerges spontaneously in atomistic simulations.

Understanding the Legal and Religious Perspectives on Cryptocurrency Transactions: A Study of DSN - MUI Fatwa and Indonesian Currency Regulation

A growing economy creates cryptocurrency virtual money residing in cyberspace. Cryptocurrency Is an online payment tool that uses an open source peer-to-peer payment network. There are many problems faced by users, where Cryptocurrencies are said to include money or a commodity. This phenomenon really makes users feel uncomfortable, feel at a loss, therefore the government must immediately provide an evaluation of the use of Cryptocurrency as a means of obtaining transactions. more attention, especially from the government so that the community gets their rights and obligations in muamalah. This paper aims to discuss how to use Cryptocurrency transactions from the Perspective of the DSN-MUI Fatwa and Law No. 7 of 2011. This research is classified as normative research, using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The results of the discussion show that Cryptocurrency is linked in the DSN MUI fatwa No.28/DSN-MUI/III/2002 regarding al-sharf that in the provisions of the fatwa the conditions for exchanging Cryptocurrency digital money are prohibited because of the element of speculation. In Article 2 paragraph (1) of Law Number 7 of 2011 concerning Cryptocurrency, it does not meet the requirements as a type of currency in Indonesia. Judging from the six criteria of money, Cryptocurrency only meets the criteria of portability and visibility.

Performance investigation of different headlights used in vehicles under foggy conditions

In this study, an experimental study based on the target visibility criteria is carried out for dark and foggy environments, where only vehicle headlights are active. More specifically, the performances of the headlights containing halogen, xenon, and LED light sources in dark and foggy weather conditions are examined and the performance of each headlight is evaluated separately. According to the general result of the visibility experiments, the participants perceived the target object in a shorter time when halogen headlights are used. It is also observed that the average target perceived times of the participant under foggy conditions are at different levels depending on the type of headlights with different correlated color temperature (CCT) and color rendering (CRI) indexes. According to the experimental results performed under foggy conditions, the target detection times of the participants are the shortest at the halogen headlight, the second at the xenon headlight, and the third under the LED lights. It has also been observed that this sequencing is gender-independent. However, the ratio of the detection time of female participants to that of male participants varies between 1.72 and 3.65 times. In other words, female participants perceive the targets in a much longer period than male participants.

Characterizing the Solar Activity Using the Visibility Graph Method

In this paper, the Sun and its behavior are studied by means of complex networks. The complex network was built using the Visibility Graph algorithm. This method maps time series into graphs in which every element of the time series is considered as a node and a visibility criterion is defined in order to connect them. Using this method, we construct complex networks for magnetic field and sunspots time series encompassing four solar cycles, and various measures such as degree, clustering coefficient, mean path length, betweenness centrality, eigenvector centrality and decay exponents were calculated. In order to study the system in several time scales, we perform both a global, where the network contains information on the four solar cycles, and a local analysis, involving moving windows. Some metrics correlate with solar activity, while others do not. Interestingly, those metric which seem to respond to varying levels of solar activity in the global analysis, also do in the moving windows analysis. Our results suggest that complex networks can provide a useful way to follow solar activity, and reveal new features on solar cycles.

Exploring the importance of inclusion criteria beyond the color of skin: Improvement in facial redness in skin of color subjects—An open-label, single center clinical study utilizing low molecular weight heparan sulfate

To the Editor: The awareness of skin of color (SOC) in dermatology is expanding; however, a lack of diversity in dermatologic clinical trials persists,1Elston D.M. Letter from the editor: diversity and inclusion in clinical trials link to JAAD-D-21-03191.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2022; 87: 981-982https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2022.05.041Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (0) Google Scholar especially considering the inclusion of African Americans/Blacks.2Okeke C.A.V. Bhayana M. Simmonds F.C. et al.Improving African American enrollment in hidradenitis suppurativa clinical trials: a clinical and research staff perspective.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021; 85: AB47https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAAD.2021.06.215Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF Google Scholar,3Ferguson J.E. Vetos D. Ho B.V. et al.Trends in diversity of participants in dermatology clinical trials over time: a systematic review.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2022; 86: 1403-1405https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAAD.2021.05.052Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (0) Google Scholar This study provides evidence of how SOC can be excluded and/or underestimated for severity of symptoms because redness can be overlooked by visual examination. This open-label, single center clinical study assessing SOC using clinical grading and biophysical testing reveals the positive results and benefits of a daily regimen containing a patented low molecular weight heparan sulfate—heparan sulfate analog (HSA). This work highlights how SOC subjects, especially those with darker skin tones, may be omitted from study analyses due to visual clinical grading limitations. Twelve subjects, Fitzpatrick skin types III to VI (African American/Black [75%], American Indian or Alaska Native [16.7%], and Asian [8.3%]), were included in the intent-to-treat population. Subjects used HSA and cleanser twice per day (AM/PM) and sunscreen SPF 52 tinted or SPF 49 untinted at least once per day (AM). Clinical evaluations were conducted at visit 1 (baseline), visit 2 (week 2), and visit 3 (week 4). Subjects participated in the following procedures at each time point: clinical grading of efficacy parameters,4Griffiths C.E. Wang T.S. Hamilton T.A. Voorhees J.J. Ellis C.N. A photonumeric scale for the assessment of cutaneous photodamage.Arch Dermatol. 1992; 128: 347-351https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.1992.01680130061006Crossref PubMed Scopus (199) Google Scholar tolerability evaluations, Mexameter measurements, VISIA-CR imaging, and self-assessment questionnaires. Another component of the study was to collect skin swabs, at baseline and week 4, to analyze the inflammatory markers IL-1α, IL-1RA, and PGE2. Notably, none of the SOC subjects qualified for the swab study because of the criteria of having visible moderate to severe facial redness. Although there was a decrease in local cutaneous global erythema at 4 weeks compared to baseline evaluated by signs and symptoms of clinically graded facial redness (Supplementary Fig 1, available via Mendeley at https://doi.org/10.17632/6bw7rjn2db.1, upper panel), this was not as apparent as the decrease in facial redness captured by bioinstrumentation measurements (Supplementary Fig 1, available via Mendeley at https://doi.org/10.17632/6bw7rjn2db.1, middle panel). The HSA regimen resulted in true reduction in redness as assessed by the Mexameter measurements (2.2% decrease in melanin, 5.6% decrease in hemoglobin) (Supplementary Fig 1, available via Mendeley at https://doi.org/10.17632/6bw7rjn2db.1, middle panel) indicating an improvement in erythema/facial redness at 4 weeks compared to baseline that was not captured to the same extent by visible clinical grading. This resulted in exclusion of these individuals from the inflammatory marker assessment due to the lack of apparent moderate to severe facial erythema by visible clinical grading. The self-assessment questionnaire and tolerability evaluations (Supplementary Fig 1, available via Mendeley at https://doi.org/10.17632/6bw7rjn2db.1, lower panel) revealed the regimen did not cause cutaneous irritation and was highly favorable among subjects. The HSA regimen tested substantially improved redness in SOC (Fig 1 and Supplementary Fig 2, available via Mendeley at https://doi.org/10.17632/tjxzcpjycp.1). However, due to visible grading inclusion criteria, these subjects were excluded from any analysis to correlate the reduction in redness to reduced inflammation. This highlights the critical need for careful consideration and evaluation of the various cutaneous presentations in SOC to ensure that underlying redness and potential inflammation are not overlooked in this population. The use of biophysical testing and visible grading promotes the inclusion and retention of SOC in clinical studies. Such actions will prevent explicit and unconscious biases, ensuring medical grade skin care products are generalizable to all. ASB is a consultant for Senté, Inc. ES-O, VDC, and DO have participated in Advisory Boards for Senté, Inc. SH and CAVO have no conflicts of interest to declare. We kindly thank all study participants. Also, we would like to thank Tanya Rhodes, PhD for her critical review of the manuscript and feedback. The clinical study (SGS Stephens Study Number: C21-P009) was conducted by SGS Stephens, Inc, Phoenix Research Center (2421 West Peoria Ave, Suite 124 Phoenix, AZ 85029).

Selection and recruitment of pre-registration occupational therapy students in the United Kingdom: Exploring entry criteria across education providers

Introduction: Since widening access to higher education became a United Kingdom (UK) governmental priority in the 1990’s, occupational therapy has made little progress in diversifying student and workforce populations that mirror increasingly diverse service user populations. This research aims to, for the first time, map entry criteria across UK pre-registration programmes, while considering fair access and exploring who might be missing at the point of enquiry and entry. Method: A cross-sectional quantitative content analysis was conducted of all UK university websites, identifying programme type, academic, professional and alternative entry criteria for 2021/2022. Findings: Five entry routes via undergraduate and post-graduate programmes ( n = 73) offer limited part-time opportunities (n = 11). Visible academic entry criteria appear weighted towards ‘traditional’ qualifications, while assessment of professional skills at application and selection is explicit for over 75% of programmes. 86% (n = 63) utilise interviews at selection, with 33% (n = 24) not publicly acknowledging alternative access routes into the profession. Conclusion: If the profession is to avoid continued stagnation in diversity amongst student populations and successfully reflect service user diversity in the workforce, it is essential UK universities increase parity across academic entry criteria, ensure the visibility of acceptable skills for alternative access and substantially improve flexibility for part-time study.