Virtual Clothing Research Articles

Can avatars pass the Turing test? Intelligent agent perception in a 3D virtual environment

The current study involved the first natural language, modified Turing Test in a 3D virtual environment. One hundred participants were given an avatar-guided tour of a virtual clothing store housed in the 3D world of Second Life. In half of the cases, a human research assistant controlled the avatar-guide; in the other half, the avatar-guide was a visually indistinguishable virtual agent or “bot” that employed a chat engine called Discourse, a more robust variant of Artificial Intelligence Markup Language (AIML). Both participants and the human research assistant were blind to variations in the controlling agency of the guide. The results indicated that 78% of participants in the artificial intelligence condition incorrectly judged the bot to be human, significantly exceeding the 50% rate that one would expect by chance alone that is used as the criterion for passage of a modified Turing Test. An analysis of participants׳ decision-making criteria revealed that agency judgments were impacted by both the quality of the AI engine and a number of psychological and contextual factors, including the naivety of participants regarding the possible presence of an intelligent agent, the duration of the trial period, the specificity and structure of the test situation, and the anthropomorphic form and movements of the agent. Thus, passage of the Turing Test is best viewed not as the sole product of advances in artificial intelligence or the operation of psychological and contextual variables, but as a complex process of human–computer interaction.

Thermal Insulation Analysis of Man’s Vest in Terms of Fit and Armhole Depth

Thermal insulation of man"s vest was investigated according to fit and pattern design. Cotton was used as an experimental material, and four different kinds of vest were designed with different ease of pattern and armhole depth. Thermal insulation and clothing surface temperature were measured by a thermal manikin and infrared thermography respectively. Air volume of the vest was estimated from a virtual clothing simulation and 3D analysis program. The correlation of local thermal insulation and air volume was investigated for each part of the upper torso: shoulder, chest, back and stomach. In addition, the effect of armhole depth on the thermal insulation was also analysed. As a result, it was found that the total thermal insulation of the three vests are similar except for one case. Among each part, the thermal insulation of shoulder and stomach area makes a big impact on total thermal insulation. For local insulation, air volume and armhole shape are important for the shoulder area, while air volume of the stomach is solely important for the stomach area. For chest and back area, the amount of air volume has little influence on the thermal insulation comparing to shoulder and stomach area. Furthermore, the contribution of armhole depth and area on the thermal insulation is different for each part. The results showed that pattern design brings a corresponding change in air volume of a specific part of the body, and the contribution of the air volume on local thermal insulation can be altered in various ways even though total thermal insulation of the clothing is similar.

증강현실기술이 적용된 3D 인형놀이 개발에 대한 연구

증강현실이란 실세계의 오브젝트에 가상의 오브젝트를 증강시키는 기술로 현실세계에 디지털 정보를 시각화 해주는 기능을 한다. 또한, 증강현실은 실세계와 가상세계를 실시간으로 결합함과 동시에 사용자와 컴퓨터간 상호작용하도록 함으로써 사용자에게 정보전달은 물론 지각능력에 도움을 주며 사용자의 몰입감을 높여주는 기술이라고 할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 VRML로 모델링된 3차원 객체를 프로그래밍을 통해 3차원 데이터가 증강되는 컨텐츠를 개발하였다. 또한, 가상물체들의 조합을 통해 3차원 아바타 및 다양한 가상의 의상들을 증강시키는 응용기술을 제안하였다. 게다가, 사용자가 직접 마커를 움직여 컴퓨터와 사용자간의 상호작용이 가능한 인터페이스를 제시하여 사용자의 몰입감을 증대 시킬 수 있었다. The AR(Augmented Reality) is the technique that make the fusion between real world and virtual object. The augmented object on real world can provide the visualization of digital information to user. Also, the real-time AR system makes the interaction between user and computers. Therefore, the immersion of user be increasing and help the information transfer to user with AR system. In this paper, we implement the AR system with the modeled VRML as a three-dimensional object using programming language. The application technique is proposed that augment the various virtual clothes to three-dimensional avatar. Moreover, we propose the novel interface by using marker that can be increase the immersion of user.

가상착의 시뮬레이션을 이용한 소매 오그림량 배분에 따른 외관평가

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to quantitatively analyze the impacts of the distribution of easing contraction of the sleeve on the external appearance of bodice and sleeve through virtual clothing simulation. Virtual clothing is conducted by differentiating the sleeve easing in accordance with the experimental condition of bodice and sleeve that are followed by draping. And then the evaluation is carried out. As a result of an analysis of the similarity between the virtual garment and the actual clothing, the whole external appearance of the bodice and sleeve was expressed similarly. The external appearance according to the distribution of easing contraction got better as the easing contraction of sleeve was concentrated on sleeve cap in front while the appearance was better at the back as it was more gently distributed than in the front. In a comparison of armhole form, the clothing of which the top of it was most similar to S0 was S4 in which the gap between the armhole and the arm was the least and the front and rear silhouette fell relatively well. In a comparison between the position of bust circumference line and that of the sleeve base line, the front of the sleeve matched the bust circumference line as the easing contraction was distributed close to the center of the sleeve cap while in the back, the sleeve base line and the bust circumference line matched when some easing contraction ratio was added close to the armpit point. The cross section figures of garment space of the shoulder, the margin was evenly distributed in S4 or S5 with differing distributions of easing contraction in the front and the back. This study is significant in that it supplies the objective baseline data which makes a novice more able to make a good external appearance of the sleeve.Key words: 3D virtual garment simulation, sleeve appearance, easing contraction

A Study on Three-dimensional Effects and Deformation of Textile Fabrics: Dynamic Deformations of Silk Fabrics

Recent trends toward the collaborations among various sectors of academia and research areas have brought interests and significances in new activities especially in the fashion and textile areas. One of the collaboration examples is the recent research projects on 3D virtual clothing systems based on the 3D CAD software. The 3D virtual clothing systems provide simulated apparels with high degrees of fidelity in terms of color, texture, and structural details. However, since real fabrics exhibit strong nonlinearity, anisotropy, viscoelasticity, and hysteresis, the 3D virtual clothing systems need fine tuning parameters for the simulation process. In this study, characteristics of silk fabrics, which are woven by using degummed silk and raw silk yarns, are being analyzed and compared. Anisotropic properties may be measured as warp and filling direction properties separately in woven fabrics, such as warp tensile stress or filling bending rigidity. Hysteretic properties may be measured as bending hysteresis or shear hysteresis by using KES measurements. These data provide deformation-force relationships of the fabric specimen. Three-dimensional effects obtained when using these characteristic fabrics are also analyzed. The methods to control the three-dimensional appearance of the sewn fabric specimens when utilizing a programmable microprocessor-based motor device, as prepared in this study, are presented. Based on the physical and mechanical properties measured when using the KES equipment, the property parameters are being into a 3-dimensional virtual digital clothing system, in order to generate a virtual clothing product based on the measured silk fabric properties.

Topology-independent 3D garment fitting for virtual clothing

]Using computer-aided design system to design an elegant 3D garment for a virtual human is often tedious and labor-intensive. Moreover, the garment is usually designed for a reference human model a...

A Mixed Reality Virtual Clothes Try-On System

Virtual try-on of clothes has received much attention recently due to its commercial potential. It can be used for online shopping or intelligent recommendation to narrow down the selections to a few designs and sizes. In this paper, we present a mixed reality system for 3D virtual clothes try-on that enables a user to see herself wearing virtual clothes while looking at a mirror display, without taking off her actual clothes. The user can select various virtual clothes for trying-on. The system physically simulates the selected virtual clothes on the user's body in real-time and the user can see virtual clothes fitting on the her mirror image from various angles as she moves. The major contribution of this paper is that we automatically customize an invisible (or partially visible) avatar based on the user's body size and the skin color and use it for proper clothes fitting, alignment and clothes simulation in our virtual try-on system. We present three scenarios: i) virtual clothes on the avatar, ii) virtual clothes on the user's image and iii) virtual clothes on the avatar blended with the user's face image. We have conducted a user study to evaluate the effectiveness of these three solutions from the end user's perception of quality attributes, cognitive attributes and attitude towards using. The user study shows that among these three scenarios, the second one is most preferred by the users and for 50% of them the experience they had with our system was sufficient to make the purchase decision for the outfits they virtually tried-on.

Toward advanced three‐dimensional modeling of garment prototype from draping technique

PurposeThe study in this article aims to focus on a novel design concept of virtual 3D garment which is realized with the help of traditional patternmaking methodology and the CAD softwares in order to directly conceive the virtual clothing on a mannequin morphotype in cyberspace in consideration of the ease allowance between the body shape and the garment.Design/methodology/approachThe method of acquisition of 3D human body was explained at first. Then the process of creation of garment 3D model associated with the draping technique was presented. The superposition of patterns from the 3D modeling and the traditional method used in industries was done in order to visualize the right results. At last, the dynamic validation of the garment was carried out in order to analyze the fitting results of try‐on simulation.FindingsThe 3D modeling technique method based on the draping technique shows that the garment fits perfectly to the body shape of the wearer.Social implicationsFor the ready‐to‐wear manufacture, this method can be also involved on the parametric mannequin in order to reduce the lifetime of development by eliminating the process of pattern grading in the future.Originality/valueThe originality of this article comes from the combination of the traditional draping technique with the advanced CAD softwares in consideration of the fitting and draping of the garment. This concept is used not only in the context of mass customized product but also in mass production for the ready‐to‐wear apparel industries. The patterns are directly adjusted in 3D and can immediately be tried on in 3D simulation. As a result, the process in 2D patternmaking design can be eliminated.

디지털 패션쇼를 통한 3D 가상 의상 표현 연구

*IT technology has been rapidly introduced to the clothing and fashion industry, and especially fashion shows have been changed very fast to keep up with the current digital era. In this research, the author designed virtual clothes, and investigated whether it is possible to make them similar to actual clothes and then performed a digital fashion show with these virtual clothes. This research discussed, based on case development and studies, whether a digital fashion show can express the designer`s idea more creatively than the existing fashion shows and what needs to be improved for the effectiveness of digital fashion shows. As a result, the virtual clothes have been recognized to be very similar to actual clothes and facilitate creative expressions that are hard to be presented in actual fashion shows. The adaptation of 3D virtual clothes to real fashion industry in the future can make new contents through the innovation of distribution and industry.

RGB-D 센서 및 3D Virtual Clothing CAD활용에 의한 패션소재의 동적표현 시스템에 대한 연구

Augmented reality techniques have been increasingly employed in the textile and fashion industry as well as computer graphics sectors. Three-dimensional virtual clothing CAD systems have also been widely used in the textile industries and academic institutes. Motion tracking techniques are grafted together in the 3D and augmented reality techniques in order to develop the virtual three-dimensional clothing and fitting systems in the fashion and textile industry sectors. In this study, three-dimensional virtual clothing sample has been prepared using a 3D virtual clothing CAD along with a 3D scanning and reconstruction system. Motion of the user has been captured through an RGB-D sensor system, and the virtual clothing fitted on the user's body is allowed to move along with the captured motion flow of the user. Acutal fabric specimens are selected for the material characterization. This study is a primary step toward building a comprehensive system for the user to experience interactively virtual clothing under real environment.

Quilting Effect and Appearance Change according to Fabric Properties and Surface Reconstruction Method based on 3D Digital Clothing System

Quilting, a technique to join two or more layers of fabrics, has long been used in the textile and fashion sectors. To evaluate dimensional effect of quilting that changes according to the characteristics of fabrics, 3D scanning method is employed in this study. Goal of this study is to interpret how fabric's composition, stiffness, thickness, and weight affect the appearance when quilted fabrics are used in a garment. Surface reconstruction method based on 3D scanning is used as a research method to evaluate the changing appearance depending on the material properties quantitatively with the quilting method. Besides, exemplary virtual clothing is realized through a virtual quilting method in 3D digital clothing system based on the properties of fabrics.

Research on the Clothing Pressure Distribution Model of Female Lower Limbs

The excessive clothing pressure has a lot of negative effects for human physiology health, therefore the research on the clothing pressure is an important subject in the study of clothing comfort. This topic is an objective test research for women with shaping belt, there are blood pressure pulse test, circumference change test,”3 cm mark line” elongation test" and pressure test experiment which based on the intelligent virtual instrument clothing pressure testing system, using linear regression method to analyze clothing pressure distribution rule, and discuss correlation between the clothing pressure with lower limb circumference change and physiology blood pressure.

Sketch-based garment design with quad meshes

Garment creation continues to be the most tedious part of the virtual clothing process. In this paper, we present an easy to use sketch-based cloth modeling approach. Contours can be easily sketched on a mannequin to generate quad meshes to represent pieces of cloth already fitted and draped. Typically, the clothing process depends greatly on the meshing scheme that has to infer its geometry from the input boundary. Our quad meshing scheme is based on discrete Coons patches but with arbitrary boundary input. We also apply the permanence principle to our topological solution to allow more control over the influence of the input boundary polyline on the interior output polygonal mesh. This facilitates the creation of folds that are strongest in curvature at the boundary and which diminish towards the interior. The generated garments can then be easily animated in a simulation system based on finite elements, using a rediscretization of the generated mesh and a reconstructed metric of the cloth surface.

Development of image pattern for textile based on FFT

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to research an auto generation method of developing FFT image and image pattern for textile based on FFT theory.Design/methodology/approachIn the research, a program was developed to generate FFT images using the FFT algorithm. The process of auto generation FFT image can be divided into the following steps: initializing the size of image, painting source image, giving the color pattern, transforming FFT image by FFT, designing mask template, and image pattern combining by point diagram. These image patterns can be used to apply on the textile.FindingsThe results showed that the FFT images can be used for textile designer directly. The FFT images can also be used as elements for textile image design such as clothing. The auto generation FFT images by FFT reflect different modern sense of beauty from traditional geometric images.Research limitations/implicationsThere are many parameters that affect the art effect of FFT image generating by FFT algorithm. However, there is no discussion about the relationship between the parameters and art effect. Three dimension effects are not obvious in the simulation results by virtual clothing software.Originality/valueThe paper presents a fundamental understanding of the property of the FFT image generating by FFT algorithm and application method of the image pattern in clothing.

A study on the Analysis of 3D Scanning of Knit Stitches and Modeling System - Jersey, Rib, and Cable Stitches -

Since knitted textile products mostly do not require long span of time from the conception to the final products, they have lead the fashion trends during the recent decades. Developments in the textile engineering industries, and computer software and hardware industries have made the 3D virtual clothing software system easily accessible by the fashion/textile industry personnel. The simulated models of apparel products using the state-of-the-art virtual clothing systems are, however, not the replica of real-world garments. Moreover, the garments do not maintain fixed shapes during wearing. Deformations at low external stress lead to difficulties in predicting the behavior of the knitted garments. Therefore, there is a need to compare the differences in appearances, textures, or other related properties between simulated fabrics and actual fabrics. Three knit stitches including jersey, rib, and cable stitches are examined in this study. The differences between fluffy thick yarns and thin yarns are also compared using 3D scanning and surface reconstruction. Obtained three-dimensional data regarding the reconstructed knit specimens would help to build a data base for estimating the behavior of the 3D models of the knitted garments.

Motion-driven concatenative synthesis of cloth sounds

We present a practical data-driven method for automatically synthesizing plausible soundtracks for physics-based cloth animations running at graphics rates. Given a cloth animation, we analyze the deformations and use motion events to drive crumpling and friction sound models estimated from cloth measurements. We synthesize a low-quality sound signal, which is then used as a target signal for a concatenative sound synthesis (CSS) process. CSS selects a sequence of microsound units, very short segments, from a database of recorded cloth sounds, which best match the synthesized target sound in a low-dimensional feature-space after applying a hand-tuned warping function. The selected microsound units are concatenated together to produce the final cloth sound with minimal filtering. Our approach avoids expensive physics-based synthesis of cloth sound, instead relying on cloth recordings and our motion-driven CSS approach for realism. We demonstrate its effectiveness on a variety of cloth animations involving various materials and character motions, including first-person virtual clothing with binaural sound.

Motion-driven concatenative synthesis of cloth sounds

We present a practical data-driven method for automatically synthesizing plausible soundtracks for physics-based cloth animations running at graphics rates. Given a cloth animation, we analyze the deformations and use motion events to drive crumpling and friction sound models estimated from cloth measurements. We synthesize a low-quality sound signal, which is then used as a target signal for a concatenative sound synthesis (CSS) process. CSS selects a sequence of microsound units, very short segments, from a database of recorded cloth sounds, which best match the synthesized target sound in a low-dimensional feature-space after applying a hand-tuned warping function. The selected microsound units are concatenated together to produce the final cloth sound with minimal filtering. Our approach avoids expensive physics-based synthesis of cloth sound, instead relying on cloth recordings and our motion-driven CSS approach for realism. We demonstrate its effectiveness on a variety of cloth animations involving various materials and character motions, including first-person virtual clothing with binaural sound.

가상봉제에 의한 소매산 높이의 변화가 봉합여유량 및 외관에 미치는 영향

This study aim was to understand the effects of the change of the sleeve cap height on the sleeve cap line and the sleeve appearance by making nine different sleeve cap height patterns. When a subject sews the virtual and real garments with this, it provides data base through which she can make the suitable sleeve by conducting a comparative analysis of the appearance and cross-sectional diagram and grasping the relation between the sleeve cap line ease and the shape of the sleeve. As a result of the analysis of the image of 3D virtual garment, the shape of the armscye and the position of the bust line and sleeve baseline, the sleeve cap height and the sewing ease of the sleeve cap line affect on the shape of the sleeve and the armscye. Although the real garment is slightly different from the virtual garment they have shown similar tendency. Therefore, if the 3D virtual clothing system is used appropriately, it is possible to expect various study results in the apparel field without making real garments.

니트소재의 인장변형 특성과 3D 디지털 클로딩 시스템에 의한 외관표현에 관한 연구

The industry-wide development of digital technologies has also affected the textile and fashion industries immensely. The applications of 3D technology, virtual reality, and/or augmented reality systems have helped to create novel fashion brands based on the marriage of IT and textile/fashion industries. 3D digital virtual clothing systems have been developed to help the textile and fashion industries in terms of the planning, manufacturing, marketing and sales sectors. So far, most of the development effort for the 3d virtual clothing systems has been focused on the woven fabrics. The characteristics of woven fabrics differ from those of knitted fabric. Since the physical structures and mechanical properties of the knitted fabrics are definitely different from those of woven fabrics, the simulation process for the knitted fabrics should follow different approaches. The loops in a knitted fabric deform easily. The deformation results in a readily stretchable fabric appearance. Cloth simulation mostly employs models that approximate the mechanical properties of linear elastic planes. This simulation scheme does not, however, describe well enough the behavior of knitted fabrics, which deviate largely from the linear isotropic material characteristics. This study aims at characterizing the tensile deformation and surface textures of a knitted fabric product. Tensile deformation curves for the wale, course, and bias direction are analyzed. The surface texture of the knitted fabric is analyzed by using a 3-dimensional scanning device.

Photorealistic cloth in real‐time applications

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we propose an efficient and stable animation and rendering method for complex mass‐spring‐based cloth model for interactive applications. Although the mass‐spring model can be easily constructed and simulated, it is well known that the model suffers from the instability problem. The method proposed in this paper employs the harmonic oscillation model and analytically integrates the force for better stability and accuracy while keeping the integration scheme still explicit. As the integration scheme is explicit, the method can be easily parallelized, and the performance improvement can be easily obtained by exploiting the parallelism in the graphics processing unit. For the realistic representation of virtual clothes, we also proposed an efficient and effective rendering method for woven surfaces on the basis of alternating anisotropic reflectance and microfacet distribution function rotation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.