Deserving freedom: Symbolic violence in self-managing organizations

The operation of criminal governance within formal-legal industrial contexts connected to global supply chains remains insufficiently theorized in management and organization studies (MOS). How such governance legitimizes violence against marginalized workers both within and beyond organizational boundaries also remains critically underexplored. By analysing the paradoxical normalization of criminality and violence within Bangladesh’s garment industry, this study exposes the systemic embeddedness of mastans , politically connected criminals, within export-oriented industrial governance. We conceptualize this entanglement as mastanocracy , a hybrid political formation of violent criminal governance that operates legitimately at the nexus of corruption, democratic erosion, elite power and social polarization, advancing the neoliberal economic and political agendas of dominant actors. This research extends MOS by broadening the boundary conditions under which criminal governance is legitimized in a formal-legal industrial environment in the Global South. It also advances the discourse on violence in contemporary organizations by revealing the broader cultural, social and political dynamics that normalize violence within and beyond organizational boundaries, compelling millions of marginalized workers to live and work under regimes of criminal governance.

Research on violence in organizations has largely focused on the analysis of verbal and symbolic manifestations of it. However, apart from a few studies mainly on mass murder and war, scholars have overlooked extreme violence in organizations. Based on long-term ethnographic research of police detectives investigating the use of lethal force by law enforcement agents, this paper analyzes how organizational extreme violence occurs. The paper contributes by highlighting various factors such as societal pressures, victim portrayal, organizational ambiguities, and reluctance to address extreme violence, which are key contributors to its persistence in organizations. The paper also suggests that the impact of extreme violence extends beyond the organizations directly involved, affecting other entities and contributing to a lack of accountability for those responsible.

The aim of the article is to discuss how thinking about gender-based violence intersectionally and in context can not only enrich our understanding but also lead to transformative change in organizations. The article argues that to better understand gender-based violence in universities and research institutions, analyses need to be intersectional and contextual. Such approaches go beyond binary understandings of gender and narrow legalistic definitions of gender-based violence. The article reflects on how to operationalize this to derive starting points for intersectional categories to consider and contextual factors to measure at micro-, meso-, and macro-levels. It concludes that a multilevel intersectional analysis leads to more nuanced knowledge on experiences of gender-based violence and is, therefore, better equipped to inform the development of measures to eradicate the problem in an inclusive way.

Sexualized Violence Toward Children and Adolescents: The Visibility and Implementation of Safeguarding Concepts in Sports, Music, and Church Abstract: Objective: In 2010, the disclosure of sexualized violence in educational organizations led to a public debate and calls for safeguarding concepts against sexualized violence toward children and adolescents. However, there have been few efforts to systematically record the visibility, availability, and implementation of such concepts. We used a broad Google search and a telephone survey as an initial approach to close this research gap. Method: In a systematic Google search and a telephone survey (N = 50), we identified and examined safeguarding concepts against sexualized violence toward children and adolescents in the context of religious organizations, sports, and musical education regarding its visibility, availability, and implementation level. Results: The results of our systematic internet research show a low hit rate of identified safeguarding concepts in all contexts. The low number of search hits indicates that the issue of sexualized violence toward children and adolescents has been inadequately addressed in many institutions, and that protective measures have been neglected. The supplementary results of the telephone survey suggest a low implementation level within organizations and a low availability of existing safeguarding concepts.

This article examines the phenomenon of neo-paganism, which manifested itself during the socio-political confl ict in Ukraine in 2014. Neo-paganism is a heterogeneous and dynamic phenomenon that takes many forms in interaction with right-wing radical and extremist organizations. Its inherent opposition to universalist religions and, accordingly, to the established social order would lead to the exploitation of neo-pagan ideas and symbols in protests and violent actions by right-wing radical organizations. The legitimization of violence in such organizations was based precisely on romanticized images of pagans represented as fearless and ruthless fi ghters. We also present a classifi cation of neo-pagan organizations operating on the territory of Ukraine in 2014–2022. This classifi cation assumes the division of neo-pagan organizations into groups based on the cultural layer reproduced by them, i.e. Slavic pre-Christian culture, ancient “knowledge” of the Cossacks, Western European forms of paganism and neo-pagan ideological choices (musicians, poets, etc.). Forms of interaction between right-wing radical organizations and neo-pagans during the Euromaidan and in the subsequent so-called anti-terrorist operation are also investigated. Examples of the participation of neopagans in political actions and cult practices adopted by them during Euromaidan are provided. The number of persons who consider themselves to be neo-pagans increased in 2000, 2013, 2018 and 2021. The peak of the development of neo-paganism falls on 2021, when the percentage of neo-pagans amounted to 0.2 per cent for the fi rst time. Ukrainian statistical studies see an infl ux of young people aged 18–29 years to these groups. We touch upon the problem of changes in neo-pagan ideas during the socio-political confl ict in Ukraine and their integration into nationalist and neoNazi rhetoric. The factors that caused the popularity, social recognition and attractiveness of neo-paganism in diff erent social groups of Ukraine in 2021 are outlined. The most recognizable Ukrainian organization exploiting neo-pagan practices, ideas, and symbols is the Azov Regiment (recognized by the court as a terrorist organization and banned on the territory of the Russian Federation).

Students are often caught in situations, so they are violent.Personal conflicts turn into group problems.Collective violence occurs in the name of group solidarity.This study investigates if there is a relationship between student unity and organizational principles supporting mass violence.Students from two different ethnic groups who are members of local student organizations participated in interviews for this study.Student organizations with a strong sense of community have made it so that the principles upheld by those organizations bind members.Senior students can instill local beliefs that cause student organizations to feel morally obligated to assist peers with issues.This study provides a conclusive response to organizational principles and student unity that support mass violence.Additional research is required to examine student violence across a range of backgrounds and the academic climate in institutions.The coaching model used with external students will likely be impacted by differences in the college's educational climate and background organizations.

Relevance. The article is devoted to characterizing the content of such a phenomenon as "armed attacks in educational organizations." Based on the study of the considered crimes of past years, the main elements characterizing the investigated illegal act are distinguished and its definition is given, which contributes to the distinction between acts of armed attacks in educational institutions from other violent crimes in educational institutions. In a historical retrospective, the origin of the concept of school shooting is investigated, the terminological content of this concept is studied. Based on an analysis of the opinions of a number of scientists, modern realities and features of Russian legislation, the concept of armed attacks in educational organizations is deduced.The purpose. The development of a modern concept of armed attack in educational organizations, containing signs delimiting this act from other violent crimes in educational organizations.The objectives. Based on known cases of acts of mass violence in educational organizations, highlight the main signs of armed attacks in educational organizations and systematize them to formulate an exact concept.Methodology. In the process of working on the study, theoretical research methods were used (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, mental modeling), a comparative legal approach.Results. In the course of the study, the concept of armed attack in educational organizations was proposed as a pre-planned act of armed attack in an educational organization committed by persons directly or indirectly associated with an educational institution in order to cause death to an indefinite circle of persons.Conclusions. The study made it possible to come to the conclusion that the signs contained in the concept of armed attack in educational organizations will clearly distinguish the investigated illegal act from other violent acts committed in educational organizations.

This study aims to reveal the current situation of the articles written on violence in health by using the bibliometric analysis method, which has become a common problem of all societies. Although there are many studies on various subjects using the bibliometric analysis method, there is no study conducted using Web of Science (WoS) data on violence in health. The data set of the study consists of 13,130 research articles published between 2017-2021 by scanning in WoS on February 3, 2021, using the themes of violence in health, violence and health, violence in healthcare organizations, and violence in health institutions by including titles, abstracts, and keywords. The data were analyzed using the VOSviewer software (version 1.6.17). The analysis indicated that the United States is the first with 7226 research articles among 165 countries in 5 years, while Turkey is 24th with 145. According to the number of institution-based studies, Columbia University, which ranks first, published 323 research articles, the studies published in the USA received the highest citations (52,093), and Turkey received 527 citations in 5 years. It was found that the most-cited author was Richard Lowry with 1334 citations. It was found that the most frequently used keywords in studies on violence in health were intimate partner violence, violence, violence in health, violence and health, mental health, and violence and domestic violence. This study also revealed that academic studies on violence in health tend to increase over the years.

Threatened Identities: Mobbing as a Form of Violence in Organizations

Violence and harassment affect healthcare workers' well-being and career decisions in the home and community care sector. The objective of this study is to assess the role of training in alleviating the relationship between violence and harassment at work and turnover intention among personal support workers (PSWs). Cross-sectional survey data from 1401 PSWs in Ontario, Canada are analyzed with structural equation modeling. Utilizing a resource perspective, the associations between job demands (i.e., violence and harassment at work), personal resources (i.e., self-esteem), job resources (i.e., workplace violence training and challenging task training), stress, and intention to stay among personal support workers (PSWs) are examined. Challenging task training is positively associated with self-esteem and negatively associated with stress, whereas workplace violence training does not have a significant association with either variable. Stress has a negative relationship with intention to stay. Self-esteem is the mediator of both associations between violence and harassment at work and stress and between challenging task training and stress. The results point to varied degrees of training effectiveness that may be shaping turnover decisions of PSWs who experience violence and harassment in home and community care organizations. There seems to be a need to assess and redesign workplace violence training. Home and community care managers might be able to lower the impact of violence and harassment on PSWs' turnover by providing training that is not directly related to workplace violence and harassment.

This study aims to provide evidence that managers’ commitment towards preventing gender violence against women is affected by implicit resistance from the patriarchal culture. A structured questionnaire was given to 673 managers of 243 small, medium, and large private companies in Metropolitan Lima, Peru. We design and test a conceptual model using covariance-based structural equation modeling. Even though 90.3% of managers report being committed to and in favor of preventing gender violence in companies, 48.6% have intense implicit resistance against it. In general, 3 out of 4 managers do not believe in violence against women because they consider it “biased”, and think that policies should only talk about family or partner violence. In addition, 2 out of 4 believe that equality policies have “hidden interests” that generate mistrust. The structural equations show that implicit resistance, directly and indirectly, decreases managers’ commitment and actions towards preventing gender violence in organizations. Gender biases, irrational beliefs about sexual violence, and a lack of appreciation of gender equality strongly predict these resistances. Business involvement in the prevention of gender violence is a more complex process than expected, requiring a reinforced strategy aimed at overcoming managers’ implicit resistance.

This study aims to reveal the current situation of the articles written on violence in health by using the bibliometric analysis method, which has become a common problem of all societies. Although there are many studies on various subjects using the bibliometric analysis method, there is no study conducted using Web of Science (WoS) data on violence in health. The data set of the study consists of 13,130 research articles published between 2017-2021 by scanning in WoS on February 3, 2021, using the themes of violence in health, violence and health, violence in healthcare organizations, and violence in health institutions by including titles, abstracts, and keywords. The data were analyzed using the VOSviewer software (version 1.6.17).
 The analysis indicated that the United States is the first with 7226 research articles among 165 countries in 5 years, while Turkey is 24th with 145. According to the number of institution-based studies, Columbia University, which ranks first, published 323 research articles, the studies published in the USA received the highest citations (52,093), and Turkey received 527 citations in 5 years. It was found that the most-cited author was Richard Lowry with 1334 citations. It was found that the most frequently used keywords in studies on violence in health were intimate partner violence, violence, violence in health, violence and health, mental health, and violence and domestic violence. This study also revealed that academic studies on violence in health tend to increase over the years.

This piece refers to a recurring dream about not being able to speak, not being able to be heard, and therefore, not being able to push back against threats of violence. I created it after having conversations with other Asian women about how we are constantly trying to speak out against systemic violence in organizations that claim to be anti-oppressive, and yet, are almost entirely made up of white folx at the managerial level. Our words momentarily capture attention – perhaps people are shocked at the assertiveness and articulateness of Asian women who are stereotyped as passive and politically apathetic – and we receive acknowledgement, apologies, and offers of help. But over time, we realize that not only has no meaningful change been made, but that we are now no longer invited to the table for discussions. The polite responses always drown out the calls for change, or the offers of help are conditional, requiring us to conform to a white middleclass standard of social respectability that erases our very ways of being and the agency of choice. At the same time, my conversations with friends remind me that we can still draw on each other for strengths, inspirations, and creative strategies to persist in our various spaces; to find small ways of resistance against what bell hook (1995) calls “white supremacist capitalist patriarchy” (p. 17); to continue to keep alive the dream of a less violent future.

In the modern world, the problem of psychological violence is relevant. The foreign word mobbing, which has been used by Russian researchers only for several years, is currently well known to lay people. Mobbing is a phenomenon of psychological violence, expressed in the long-term persecution of an employee in the workplace. This process is present in schools, universities and companies. The spread of psychological violence in different age groups and organizations indicates the conditions in Russian society contributing to its development - economic and political instability and pronounced social inequality. An important condition for mobbing processes is the corporate microclimate. Mobbing can be caused by an insignificant conflict in the workplace. Conflict situations arise when people interact. Victims of mobbing have an increased likelihood to deteriorate their psychological and physical health. The purpose of the work is to study mobbing processes in the education system. The study analyzes five educational institutions of Irkutsk region. The study was being conducted from October 2020 to October 2021. The most common methodological tool for studying mobbing are psychological methods; the survey of teachers was, therefore, conducted. Based on the survey analysis, mobbing processes in labor collectives were identified, and the most vulnerable categories of workers were identified. The key causes of mobbing processes in the workplace is indifference or even encouragement of aggressive behaviors. The launch of mobbing processes depends on the leader and staff. Employees satisfied with their jobs and corporate relationships work better and get sick less often. Those who try to use mobbing to strengthen the team and improve the labor productivity will fail.

Sexual violence against women in the workplace remains rife and poorly addressed. Sexual harassment is often perpetrated by leaders, managers, or supervisors as the result of abusive power relations. Recognising and addressing the cultural tolerance for sexual violence in organizations and society is one of the steps in addressing this issue. In this paper, we argue that violence is normalised through leadership practices. We suggest that leadership against sexual harassment is essential for organizational redress.

Abstract The healthcare environment is one of the most complex and dangerous occupational hazards for healthcare workers, especially nurses. The complexity of a culture of patient-related violence and the nature of their jobs place healthcare workers at risk for violence on the job. Workplace violence is a profoundly serious issue and continues to be a growing problem in the United States. This paper is a brief literature review of workplace violence against healthcare workers in health services organizations. These sections will be discussed (a) common workplaces where violence occurs; (b)types of workplace violence; (c)workplace violence against healthcare workers in health services organizations displayed in a conceptual model; (d) mental health and physiological problems of workplace violence on healthcare workers; (e) cost of workplace violence in health services organizations; and (e) strategies for prevention. Healthcare administrators are obligated to provide a safe environment for patients and staff. However, numerous guidelines have been developed, workplace violence continues to be at an increased rate. Continuous research studies are needed to improve the safety of healthcare workers in their diverse work settings. Also, more research is needed in healthcare settings with limited research.

Workplace violence in healthcare organizations is a growing problem in Turkey. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of violence and witnessed violence on the fear of future violence and turnover intention in health care workers and mediating role of fear of violence in the effect of direct violence and witnessed violence on turnover intention. The population of the study was 299 health care workers. Validity and reliability analyses of the scales were carried out and it was found that each scale was valid and reliable. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistical methods and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The results showed that Direct Violence at Work and Witnessed Violence at Work have a significant effect on Fear of Future Violent Events at Work and Turnover Intention. The effect of Direct Violence at Work and Witnessed Violence at Work on Turnover Intention is further increased when the Fear of Future Violent Events at Work is used as a mediating variable. Violence affects those witnessing it as well as the direct victims. This affects both the fear of violence and the turnover intention. Serious precautions should be taken to prevent violence against health workers in order to protect and improve the health of society. It should not be forgotten that healthy societies are possible with healthy health human resources.

ملخص البحث أولا: مدخل إلى الإشکالية: يعد العنف الزواجي أحد صور العنف الموجه ضد المرأة، کما أنه الأکثر انتشارا على مستوى العالم، ويتخذ في مصر عدة صور؛ أهمها: الضرب، الاغتصاب والإساءة اللفظية، علاوة على کثير من مظاهر العنف التي تأخذ صورا قانونية في حالات الطلاق أو الانفصال، وهناک العديد من الأسباب والعوامل المختلفة المؤدية إلى هذا من العنف. وتسعى الدراسة الراهنة إلى رصد هذه الصور والوقوف على هذه الأسباب، ولدراسة هذه الإشکالية يمکن طرح عدة تساؤلات: 1- ما هي خصائص النساء المعنفات عنفا زواجيا؟ 2- ما هي أهم الأسباب المؤدية إلى العنف الزواجي؟ 3- ما هي أهم صور ومظاهر هذا العنف؟ ثانيا: الإطار النظري: اعتمدت هذه الدراسة على اتجاهين نظريين هما: اتجاه الاجتماعي، ونظرية المسؤولية الاجتماعية، حيث يرکز الاتجاه الأول على مفهوم فجوة النوع المسؤول عن العنف، أما الاتجاه الثاني فيؤکد على مسؤولية المجتمع بنظامه لمواجهة هذا العنف. ثالثا: الإطار المنهجي: عينة الدراسة: أجريت هذه الدراسة على عينة من النساء المعنفات اللاتي يعالجن من العنف الزواجي في بعض مؤسسات المجتمع المدني المعنية بقضايا النساء عامة؛ ومواجهة العنف ضدهن بشکل خاص. منهج الدراسة والأدوات المستخدمة: اعتمدت الدراسة على منهج دراسة الحالة؛ من خلال إجراء مقابلات متعمقة مع النساء المعنفات، کما استخدمت الملاحظة کوسيلة (أداة) ثانوية لملاحظة بعض سلوک النساء ومن يتعامل معهن لتأکيد أقوالهن. رابعا: نتائج الدراسة: 1- تنتمي معظم المعنفات زواجيا في الدراسة الراهنة إلى الطبقة الدنيا والمتوسطة، وهي الشريحة التي تلجأ – في أغلب الأحيان – إلى مؤسسات المجتمع المدني لتلقي الدعم المادي والمعنوي الذي يساعدهن على کسب بعض من حقوقهن. 2- تتمثل غالبية الأسباب المؤدية إلى العنف الزواجي في العامل الاقتصادي، حيث يؤدي الفقر وتدني الدخل إلى الشجار بين الزوجين، ويأتي في المرتبة الثانية تدخل أفراد أسرة الزوجين في الحياة الزوجية، کما يمثل سوء العلاقة الزوجية أيضا عاملا هاما في ممارسة العنف الزواجي ضد النساء.کما تبين لنا أن العنف الزواجي هو نتاج لموروث ثقافي تدعمه مؤسسات التنشئة الاجتماعية ضمن ثقافة العيب واعتبار المرأة عارا وعالة على أهلها ويجب تزويجها للتخلص من مسؤوليتها؛ حتى اقتنعت هي نفسها بذلک، بالإضافة إلى دعم ذکورية الرجل ضمن الأسرة الواحدة. 3- تتعدد صور العنف الزواجي الممارس ضد النساء؛ وتتمثل في: الضرب المبرح الذي يؤدي إلى الإصابات الجسدية، والطرد من المنزل، وسلب کل ما تحصل عليه المرأة من دخل في حال عملها، والشتم والسب أمام الأطفال وباقي أفراد الأسرة Abstract Introduction to The problem: Marital violence is now considered as a wide world problem, It takes different forms in Egypt starting from; hitting, raping and soon, and there are different causes and factors of this kind of violence. The current study tries to examine the causes and forms of the marital violence; especially the violence against women, and to examine this Issue; the researcher aims to answer some questions: 1-What are the characteristics of women who are victims of marital violence? 2- What are the causes of marital violence? 3- What are the forms of marital violence? Theoretical Framework: The researcher depended on two approaches: The gender approach, and the social responsibility; that deal with the relationship between men and women. the first focuses on the concept of a Gender Gap responsible for violence, while the second emphasizes the responsibility of society to confront this violence. Methodological procedures: This study was conducted on a sample of abused wives who suffer from marital violence in some civil society organizations concerned with women's issues in general; and to face violence against them in particular. Methodology and Tools Used: The study was based on a case study methodology; through in-depth interviews with abused wives, and the observation was also used as a secondary tool to observe some women's behavior and to deal with them to confirm their statements. Results: 1- Most of the abused wives in the study belong to the lower and middle classes, which often resort to civil society institutions to receive material and moral support; that helps them to gain some of their rights. 2- The majority of the causes leading to marital violence are the economic factor, where poverty and low income lead to the fights between the spouses. Second, the family members' interference in marital life, and the bad marital relationship is also an important factor in the marital violence against women. 3- There are numerous forms of marital violence against women: severe beatings leading to physical injuries, expulsion from the home, theft of all income earned by women in the event of their work, and swearing and insulting In front of children and the family.

The consequences of violence against nurses working in the emergency department: A qualitative study