Violation Of Human Rights Research Articles

Julid Fi Sabilillah: The Netizen Jihad Movement in the Israel-Palestine Conflict Through the Maqashid Syariah System Approach

The Israel-Palestine conflict, marked by widespread human rights violations, has prompted global responses, including digital activism through the julid fi sabilillah movement. Despite the negative connotations of julid, it is framed as contemporary jihad to counter narratives of Israeli apartheid, regardless of any contradictions with Islamic principles of justice and ethics. This study aims to assess the validity of the movement through the maqashid syariah framework. Utilizing a descriptive-analytical technique in empirical legal research, data from books, journals, and social media content were analyzed through data reduction, presentation, triangulation, and the features of the maqashid syariah system approach. Research indicates that julid fi sabilillah may be classified as a fardu kifayah if it adheres to normative standards, such as a sincere intention, evidence-based analysis, and the prevention of defamation (ghibah) and misinformation (fitnah). The movement actualizes the interrelated hierarchy of maqashid syariah by advocating for global justice and human rights (universal objective), digital literacy (specific), and moral pressure (partial). The results highlight the need to integrate internet activism with sustained collective action and the idea of amar ma’ruf nahi munkar to prevent slacktivism. This study offers an evaluative framework for Muslim communities to contextualize and ethically address digital jihad.

Subjects of injustice: Inequity, misframing and human rights violations in a Tanzanian REDD+ pilot project

Subjects of injustice: Inequity, misframing and human rights violations in a Tanzanian REDD+ pilot project

Human Rights Violations and Environmental Protection in Africa: Gunjur's Experiences

In Africa, the confluence of environmental preservation and human rights abuses, especially in relation to extractive industries, is a critical problem that impacts many communities. To demonstrate the intricacies and difficulties encountered by local populations in resource-rich regions, the Gunjur community provides a relevant case study. The Gunjur community has been greatly impacted by extractive industries like sand mining and fishing, despite being situated in an area rich in natural resources. Many people believe that these sectors are essential to economic growth, yet they also regularly cause serious environmental damage and violations of human rights. The experiences of the community serve as a reminder of the "resource curse," a larger pattern in which nations with abundant natural resources frequently experience more poverty, violent conflicts, and environmental damage as opposed to prosperity. The human rights-based approach focuses particularly on the requirement for 'meaningful participation’ and how a rights-based approach can provide a means to reconcile environmental protection, social development, and economic activities. The study's objective is to identify the relationship between human rights violations and the environment. Gambia is a signatory to major environmental agreements, including UNFCCC, UNBD, UNCCD, World Heritage Convention, and Kyoto Protocol, committing to sustainable environmental management and promoting biodiversity. The ACE Impact Project (2019) in The Gambia prioritizes environmental protection in sustainable development policies, adhering to political, legal, and regulatory frameworks for Gambian environmental management. The Gambia is experiencing a significant increase in environmental protection and human rights violations, which are crucial for the protection and enjoyment of human rights. Human rights and the environment are inseparable. The local ecology has been ruined by Gunjur's sand miners. Due to the sea's high tide, the area where sand is mined is submerged in water. Crocodiles and other aquatic creatures use the area as a breeding habitat. The study utilized an exploratory research design, collecting primary data through an interview guide with 20 respondents, including local Gunjur residents, sand miners, and Chinese fishmeal staff, and analyzing the results. The study shows the destruction of vegetation and women's gardens, encroaching sand miners in ecotourism areas, and a Chinese fishmeal factory affecting Gunjur's living standards. Waste products are dumped into the sea, causing a foul odor, and exporting fish products to China and other countries, violating UN Sustainable Development Goals.

INTERNALISASI MISOGINI: KEKERASAN SEKSUAL SEBAGAI SENJATA PERANG

This study examines the role of internalized misogyny in sexual violence used as a weapon of war. Misogyny in patriarchal cultures fosters hatred towards women, facilitating sexual violence in armed conflicts. Cases in the Congo, Rwanda, Ukraine, and Yugoslavia demonstrate how sexual violence is systematically employed to demean and destroy women. Through a feminist critical approach and qualitative analysis, this research reveals that sexual violence in war is often not recognized as a weapon of war due to the inferior position of women in patriarchal societies, being merely seen as ordinary crimes despite being systematic and structured human rights violations. Findings indicate that women in war experience layered violence based on their gender, ethnicity, and nationality. Internalized misogyny normalizes sexual violence in war. Therefore, feminist-oriented laws and policies are required to acknowledge women's human rights as part of human rights and provide justice for victims of sexual violence. This study underscores the importance of feminist education to eradicate misogyny and patriarchal cultures. Furthermore, recognition and rehabilitation of sexual violence victims in war zones are necessary to restore affected communities. The author hopes future research will delve deeper to break the impunity in human rights violations and keep the memory of victims and the struggle for justice alive.

EVALUATION OF HOUSING AND WORKPLACE SEARCHES IN TERRORIST CRIMES IN THE CONTEXT OF HUMAN RIGHTS

This study examined the search of housing and workplace in terrorist crimes within the framework of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. The study aims to minimize the human rights violations that may occur during housing and workplace searches. The method of the study is the application of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights to housing and workplace searches. Methodologically, the introduction part of the study reviewed the human rights violations that may occur in search operations or practices in the context of terrorist crimes. In the development section of the study, the way the European Court of Human Rights evaluates cases related to housing and workplace searches and the criteria that it applies were determined. Later, it was examined together with the Criminal Procedure Code No. 5271 examined by the European Court of Human Rights on housing and workplace searches. Then, the decisions of European Court of Human Rights related to relatively old-dated cases in Türkiye were examined and criticisms were provided against the European Court of Human Rights. In the conclusion section of the study, recommendations have been provided on how housing and workplace searches should be conducted in the context of human rights, in line with the data obtained from the case law of the European Court of Human Rights.

Defining human rights in the socio-cultural and political context of South Sudan: how to move towards the assertion of full human rights in line with international law?

ABSTRACT South Sudan faces a dire human rights situation, characterised by recurrent violations committed by government forces, armed opposition groups, militias and community-based armed cattle raiders. This study applies the ‘universality of human rights’ approach to the country to ask the following questions: How can we explain the appalling human rights situation in South Sudan? How can we move towards the assertion of full human rights on the basis of a more universalist approach to human rights in accordance with international law? To answer these questions, the study considers that South Sudan is not a ‘lawless’ country, but rather that the legacy of colonialism and the militarisation of the region during the years of civil war created a culture of violence and human rights violations that persists to this day. The study is structured in three parts: The first presents the situation of human rights violations in the socio-cultural and political context of South Sudan. The second part looks at the challenge of defining human rights in the context of competing standards for authority. The third part examines how the country can move towards asserting full human rights in accordance with international law.

Border Boundaries: Navigating Migration and the Role of AI in Irregular Movements

This study examines the impact of AI-driven technologies in migration management, focusing on surveillance, biometric identification, and predictive analytics at international borders. While these technologies enhance border security and streamline administrative processes, they also raise concerns about bias, data privacy, and ethical risks. In fact, if flawed, automated decision-making may lead to wrongful rejections and human rights violations.

Ten tips on how to manage kidney health in migrants and refugees

Abstract The number of forcibly displaced people worldwide continues to rise each year due to armed conflicts, human rights violations, and natural disasters. Many others migrate in search of better living conditions. People with chronic kidney disease, particularly those requiring kidney replacement therapy, are especially vulnerable during displacement. Preparedness is crucial to minimize risks for these patients. Education and training provided in the pre-disaster period may raise patients’ resilience and improve outcomes. Local or national kidney disaster relief task forces could help coordinate evacuation efforts and care for migrant patients, ensuring collaboration among stakeholders. While providing high-quality kidney care is essential, challenges such as healthcare costs, reimbursement issues, and social or cultural barriers may limit access in host countries. It's also critical to address the psychological needs of displaced people. Caring for displaced patients raises ethical concerns, leading to moral distress and burnout among healthcare providers. Collaborative efforts to address these challenges are essential to ensure the best outcomes for both displaced individuals and host countries.

"Half of a Yellow Sun": Examining the Erosion of Human Rights in Wartime

The Nigeria-Biafra conflict, which ranged from 1967 to 1970, brought immense suffering, with widespread starvation, brutal ethnic cleansing, and oppressive political tactics. The novel Half of a Yellow Sun vividly illustrates the harsh realities of forced displacement, sexual violence, and profound human rights violations that civilians endured during war. This research paper examines into the extensive dimensions of these human rights abuses, illuminating the systematic atrocities perpetrated throughout the conflict. This paper undertakes a thorough examination of historical documents, eyewitness testimonies, and scholarly research to delve into the reasons behind and the resulting effects of these violations, the role of international intervention, and the enduring effects on Nigerian society. It emphasizes the urgent need for accountability, reconciliation as a whole and the establishment of strong international mechanisms to avert such violations in future conflicts

The international press and human rights protection through global media coverage and advocacy mechanisms in contemporary society

This research review examines the evolving relationship between international press and human rights protection through global media coverage and advocacy mechanisms in contemporary society. As human rights violations occur worldwide, media organizations employ various approaches to document abuses, from traditional investigative journalism to digital verification techniques and collaborative cross-border networks. The review analyzes historical developments in media-based human rights advocacy, contemporary reporting mechanisms, and case studies demonstrating media impact on human rights outcomes. Despite significant achievements, journalists face numerous challenges including safety risks, access restrictions, digital threats, commercial pressures, and attention fatigue. The article identifies emerging best practices such as collaborative investigations, trauma-informed reporting, solutions-oriented coverage, and strategic partnerships between media and human rights organizations. These approaches help overcome structural obstacles while strengthening accountability for violations. The review concludes that while the international press faces significant constraints in human rights work, it remains an essential mechanism for protection through its capacity to document violations, amplify marginalized voices, shape public opinion, influence policy decisions, and promote accountability for abuses worldwide.

Keresztényeket célzó emberi jogi jogsértések A fokozódó keresztényellenes hangulat kezelése globális keretek között

Aim: This article examines the scope and intensity of human rights violations experienced by Christians and suggests some possible strategies to address the problem. The United Nations has expressed concern at the global increase in acts of intolerance and violence directed towards Christians and other people of faith. Yet despite calls by the United Nations to address this growing human rights crisis, little attention has been devoted to the human rights violations experienced by Christians who encounter discrimination in more nations that any other religious group. Methodology: To conduct this study, a domain-based review of the pertinent literature was conducted. Content from a diverse array of disciplines was reviewed and synthesized to extend knowledge in a specific domain, in this case human rights violations targeting Christians. Findings: Both the prevalence and intensity of human rights violations experienced by Christians has reached record levels. Over the past 14 years, the number of nations in which Christians encounter harassment increased from 107 to 155. Currently, Christians experience harassment in 78 percent of 198 nations and territories across the globe. Similarly, the number of nations where Christians experience high levels of persecution has increased from 53 nations in 2014 to 78 nations in 2024. Value: Christians represent some of the most vulnerable and oppressed people in the world. The data and strategies presented in this article position state and private sector actors with the information they need to address the intensifying anti-Christian sentiment across the globe.

THE ROLE OF THE NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION IN ENFORCING HUMAN RIGHTS IN INDONESIA

Efforts to enforce human rights in Indonesia are carried out by establishing the National Commission on Human Rights (NHCR) as an independent state institution with functions and authorities, one of which is to monitor alleged human rights violations. For example, an event that is suspected of violating human rights is the loss of life outside the provisions of the law, where the NHRC plays a role in monitoring and providing recommendations based on the results of the investigation that has been carried out to the relevant parties. This study aims to find out the extent of the role of the NHRC in the enforcement of alleged human rights violations, and the obstacles faced in the enforcement of human rights. This research method is normative legal research with a legislative approach and a case approach. The results of the study show that the role of the NHRC in enforcing human rights by carrying out the function of monitoring alleged human rights violations is carried out through investigations, providing recommendations for investigation results, and providing information in the judicial process. The obstacles faced by the NHRC in the enforcement of human rights, namely the constraints of legal substance that have not adequately regulated the authority of the NHRC, one of which is related to the follow-up of the recommendations given, the constraints of the legal structure in handling the follow-up of alleged human rights violations by other related agencies, and the legal cultural constraints of the state administration apparatus related to human rights in the implementation of their duties and authority.

Muslims and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR): A Critical Appraisal of Ideals and Realities

Introduced in 1948 by the United Nations General Assembly Resolution, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) aims at upholding the principle of respect for human rights and affirming the fundamental freedoms for all regardless of race, sex, language, or religion. However, a stark contrasts exist between the ideals conscripted in the Declaration and the realities observed on the ground. Escalating instances related to the violation of human rights were observed, even in the countries that pledged to promote the Declaration and agreed to legally bound themselves with its articles. Available literature, including various media coverage highlight these significant disparities making it crucial to revisit the Declaration and examine its practical implementation. This article employs historical, analytical and comparative method, to critically evaluate the UDHR, focusing on the position of Muslims within its framework. It investigates both the theoretical ideals and the practical challenges they face, questioning whether the Declaration effectively safeguard Muslim rights or if systemic biases and geopolitical factors have led to inconsistencies in its application.

ILO (INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION) ACTIVITIES UPHOLDING WORKERS' RIGHTS IN BANGLADESH AFTER THE RANA PLAZA TRAGEDY

This research identifies ILO activities in enforcing the rights of workers in Bangladesh post the Rana Plaza Tragedy in 2013. The Rana Plaza tragedy, which led to the deaths of more than 1,100 garment workers, most of whom were women, exposed poor working conditions and widespread human rights violations in the sector. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis methods, through collecting secondary data from ILO reports, academic journals, and news about related parties. This research was analyzed using the role theory of international organizations. The research results show that the ILO plays a significant role in promoting improvements in occupational safety and health standards through activities and various other initiatives. The ILO is also active in advocating for the rights of workers, including efforts to ensure safety, job security, and reduce gender discrimination in the workplace. In conclusion, although the ILO has made a positive contribution to improving working conditions and rights of workers in Bangladesh following the Rana Plaza tragedy, the sustainability and effectiveness of this initiative is dependent on the commitment of all stakeholders in overcoming existing structural and cultural barriers.

Human Rights Violations Targeting Christians Addressing the Intensifying Anti-Christian Sentiment in a Global Frame

Human Rights Violations Targeting Christians Addressing the Intensifying Anti-Christian Sentiment in a Global Frame

From Discrimination to Accountability: Exposing and Redressing Racism in the Case of Lead-poisoned Kosovo Roma

Romani communities across Europe face pervasive environmental racism. Among the most notorious of such cases is the lead poisoning of displaced Roma, Ashkali, and Egyptians in camps managed by the United Nations Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) from 1999–2013. This article focuses on the victims’ efforts to seek justice through the UN’s accountability mechanisms – the only avenue available due to the UN’s immunity – and examines the opportunities and limitations inherent in pursuing justice through legal processes. After a decade-long legal battle, the UN’s Human Rights Advisory Panel issued a landmark decision finding UNMIK responsible for human rights violations linked to the lead poisoning. We analyze the decision as an important instrument for reframing the issue from victim-blaming to exposing the role of anti-Romani racism in enabling environmental injustice. Despite the hard-earned victory, however, the Panel’s decision has yet to yield reparations for the Romani victims. We argue that this outcome reflects the limitations of legal bodies as hegemonic institutions, which make them inherently imperfect tools for redressing systemic racism. This reality underscores the importance of combining legal efforts with out-of-court advocacy by Romani communities and solidarity partners to achieve systemic change.

Collective Memory, Democratic Ambivalence, and Authoritarian Notions of Democracy: Explaining the Rise of Prabowo Subianto

In 2024, Prabowo won by the greatest margin in Indonesian presidential election history, garnering over 96 million votes. How did Prabowo win so decisively, despite his deep ties to the dark authoritarian past and allegations of human rights violations? Utilizing the original national survey data prior to the 2024 presidential election, the author finds that authoritarian beliefs and nostalgia for the authoritarian past do not explain support for Prabowo. Instead, authoritarian notions of democracy such as support for military governments and strongman leaders are highly linked to Prabowo support. Although supporting Prabowo does not necessarily indicate support for the return of authoritarianism, it does imply that many Indonesians may either be unconcerned or naïve about potential challenges to the current political system, or have a concept of democracy that aligns with the idea of a strong, powerful personalistic leadership that has been a central selling point of Prabowo's presidential candidacy.

Interrogating Transitional Justice: The Multiple Meanings of a Concept

‘Transitional justice’ refers to the full range of efforts to deal with past human rights violations. Since its inception, the concept has undergone an immense expansion of interpretation as it has been applied to a wider range of scenarios in the field. This paper examines the dilemmas of transitional justice as a concept, showing how it has evolved over time and adapted to new contexts. After a brief conceptual history, the paper analyzes the two components of the concept, ‘justice’ and ‘transition,’ followed by an examination of the contemporary challenges facing the concept. We argue that the evolving and multifaceted nature of transitional justice defies a singular definition, as neither the term ‘justice’ nor ‘transition’ fully encapsulates its scope. Although conceptual ambiguities persist and debates over its boundaries continue, the conclusion argues that the term remains analytically and normatively valuable and warrants further engagement rather than abandonment.

Vectors of the Impact of ECtHR Decisions on the Formation of a National Model for the Implementation and Protection of Environmental Human Rights

The appearance of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) was an important and evolutionary step forward on the way to the establishment of human rights and freedoms in Europe. This event was a fateful historical fact that testified the desire of the European community to create a single space within which the idea of human rights and freedoms became the basis for the formation of a supranational model of protection. In addition, the adoption of the Convention was a revolutionary step, since at the time of its development, an individual person had never before been a subject of international law. It was also not possible to exercise rights outside the territory of a separate state. The ECtHR became the guarantor of the inviolability of accepted universal norms, and the activity of this institution became the basis for the formation of a national model for the implementation and protection of human rights, including environmental rights. Court practice shows that the number of cases related to violations of environmental human rights is gradually increasing. It can be predicted that in the future, in the absence of effective measures at the national level to ensure favourable conditions for the formation of an optimal model for the implementation and protection of environmental human rights, the number of such cases will increase. In general, the ECtHR considers the state itself as an entity directly obliged to ensure regulatory and legal regulation of the protection of environmental human rights. Therefore, in order to adopt effective legislation in the field of protection of environmental human rights, states should focus on the practice of the ECHR in this field

ANALISIS POTENSI PELANGGARAN HAM PADA KASUS PENYELUNDUPAN NARKOBA DALAM PESPEKTIF POLITIK HUKUM

Law enforcement in drug smuggling cases in Indonesia often faces serious challenges that have the potential to violate human rights (HR). These violations may occur at various stages of the legal process, including arrest, investigation, and sentencing, particularly against vulnerable suspects. In this context, legal political policies are a key element in ensuring that law enforcement aligns with HR principles. However, concerns remain regarding the extent to which these policies integrate HR protections while facing implementation challenges such as lack of oversight, limited awareness among law enforcement officers about HR values, and political and social pressures. This study aims to analyze the potential HR violations in handling drug smuggling cases, evaluate the existing legal political policies, and identify the obstacles and relevant solutions to enhance HR protection. This research employs a normative juridical method by analyzing legislation, policy documents, and case studies. The findings reveal that potential HR violations in drug smuggling cases often involve actions such as torture, arbitrary detention, and limited access to legal assistance. Indonesia's legal political policies indicate the existence of regulations incorporating HR principles, yet their implementation remains suboptimal due to weak oversight and gaps in law enforcement practices. Key obstacles include limited capacity of law enforcement officers, budget constraints, and social stigma against drug offenders. To address these issues, it is necessary to improve training for law enforcement officers, strengthen oversight mechanisms, and revise policies to ensure comprehensive integration of HR protections into the legal process.