Vinnytsia Region Research Articles

Vector for Improving the Internal System of Quality Assurance of education in General Secondary Education Institutions of Vinnytsia Region in the 2024/2025 Academic Year

The article reveals the importance for the educational institution the internal system of the education quality ensuring development and functioning in order to overcome educational losses and provide quality educational services. The authors analyzed the compounds of the functioning an effective internal system of the education quality ensuring in the areas: «Educational environment», «Pedagogical activity of teaching staff», «Students’ evaluation system», «Management processes of an educational institution». In this article substantiated self-assessment conducting of the educational and management processes of the institution. It is determined the necessary units of the functioning accessible, safe, high-quality education in the Vinnytsia region in today's circumstances there. This will allow the teaching staff of general secondary education institutions of Vinnitsa to form a vector of improvement of the internal system of ensuring the quality of education in 2024/2025.

Monitoring of Viral Infections in Vegetable Crops in Agroecosystems of Ukraine

Information on the abundance and diversity of phytopathogenic viruses in Ukraine is very variable and limited. There is a high importance of a complex study of the species composition and ways of spreading crop viruses, as well as the development of epiphytotic forecasting systems, which will help to limit the ranges of these viruses and save crop yields. Consequently, the aim of our study was to explore the species composition and frequency of mono- and mixed virus infection of vegetable crops in Ukrainian agrocenoses and to identify the possible etiology of its occurrence. Methods. The samples were analyzed for the presence of viral antigens by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in sandwich and indirect modifications. For the detection of viral antigens in ELISA, test systems manufactured by Loewe were used. To identify the virus, the material was homogenized and purified, and then registered on a reader. Results. The frequency of vegetable crops damaged by diseases of viral etiology increased by 25–27% compared to the previous years of the study. Serological analysis showed that 59% of the studied samples of the Cucurbitaceae family and 54% of the Solanaceae family were affected by the main viral diseases most common in Ukraine. The seed way of transmission of vegetable viruses in Ukraine was demonstrated as one of the sources of viruses in agrocenoses. The presence of antigens to cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in 14.3% of the studied seeds, zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) – 11.2%, and tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) – 12.6% was shown. This allows us to suggest that sowing those seeds in the future will contribute to the spread of these viruses across Ukraine. Analysis of soil samples showed the presence of antigens of cucumber mosaic virus, tobacco mosaic virus, and potato virus X. The lowest level of antigens to CMV was detected in the soils of Vinnytsia region, to PVX – in the Kyiv and Cherkasy regions, and to TMV – in the Odesa region. Conclusions. Vegetable agrocenoses in Ukraine are more often affected by viruses belonging to the Tobamovirus, Cucumovirus, Potyvirus, and Tospovirus genera of the Bromoviridae, Potyviridae, and Bunyaviridae families. In addition to the increasing areas of viral monoinfection, there is an active spread of mixed infection, or "superinfection", in Ukrainian agrocenosis. Mixed infections are mainly formed during the growth and development of the tested vegetable crops. All of this leads to further significant spread of not only mono- but also mixed virus infection of vegetable crops.

Social Networks as a Tool for Promoting Intangible Cultural Heritage of Ukrainian Regions (based on the materials of the information and communication content of Vinnytsia Regional Centre of Folk Art)

The purpose of the article is to comprehensively investigate the materials of the informational and communicative content of the Internet site and Facebook page of the Vinnytsia Regional Centre of Folk Art and to reveal the essential aspects of the use of social networks in the conditions of a full-scale invasion as an effective tool for the presentation and popularisation of the intangible cultural heritage of Vinnytsia as a region of Central Ukraine. The research methodology consists of general scientific and specific cultural approaches, principles and methods of scientific knowledge. The systemic-structural approach was applied to the study of the organisational and methodological activities of the Vinnytsia Regional Centre of Folk Art, aimed at popularising the intangible cultural heritage of the region. The internal connections and interaction of various components of the cultural and educational activity of the Centre for Cultural and Educational Activities, aimed at the presentation and popularisation of intangible cultural heritage in the conditions of a full-scale invasion, are revealed by the results of monitoring the materials of the Internet pages of the Centre (the Internet site and Facebook pages). Formal and comparative methods were used to analyse the institutional features of work in the Vinnytsia region as a region of Central Ukraine. The method of content analysis was used to generalise the publications of the Internet site and the information of the Facebook page of the Vinnytsia Regional Centre of Folk Art, dedicated to the intangible cultural heritage of Vinnytsia, contributed to the objective determination of the main thematic trends related to the investigated problem. The scientific novelty consists in substantiating, revealing and proving the effectiveness of the use of social networks as a really effective tool for expanding the role of regional centres of folk creativity in the presentation and popularisation of the intangible cultural heritage of Vinnytsia in the information field, in particular in the conditions of a full-scale invasion. On the basis of a practical study of the materials of the informational and communicative content of the Internet site and Facebook page of the Vinnytsia Regional Centre of Folk Art, the traditional culture of Vinnytsia, which contains a preserved living folk artistic culture with a classical / traditional folklore paradigm. The interaction of the Vinnytsia regional centre of folk creativity with institutions, cultural institutions and the external environment in the matter of preservation and popularisation of the intangible cultural heritage of Vinnytsia region was revealed. Conclusions. Summarising the positive experience on the materials of the information and communication content of the Vinnytsia Regional Centre of Folk Art (website and Facebook page) demonstrated concrete achievements in the presentation, popularisation and preservation of the intangible cultural heritage of Vinnytsia in the conditions of a full-scale invasion. It is argued that the digital representation of the content of the intangible cultural heritage of the regions of Ukraine, in particular Central Ukraine, in social networks is a really effective tool for popularising the intangible cultural heritage in the information field. It is concluded that the traditional culture of Vinnytsia contains a preserved living folk artistic culture with a classical / traditional folklore paradigm. It was noted that the employees of centres of folk creativity need to have the skills to work in the spheres of SEO and SMM, which requires constant improvement of professional qualifications and stimulation of scientific and creative approaches in this direction and is a continuously relevant requirement of the time.

VINNYTSIA REGION: STATUS AND TRENDS OF PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND STORAGE OF GRAIN

The article is devoted to the study of the state of production, processing and storage of grain in the Vinnytsia region. The objectives of the research were to monitor the collected areas and gross harvests of the main crops in 2011-2021, establish the trends of their changes, analyze the capacities of transport and technological equipment and granaries of the region. The analysis was conducted on the basis of data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine for 2011-2021. The analysis of harvested areas and gross harvests of grain of the main crops at agricultural enterprises of the region in 2011–2021 showed their tendency to increase. During this period, harvested areas increased by 1.42 times, and annual volumes of gross grain harvests had a wave-like growth pattern. Linear trend equations are proposed for forecasting harvested areas and gross grain harvests, which are characterized by coefficients of determination R2 of 0.79 and 0.65, respectively. The largest gross harvests were given by corn, wheat and sunflower, and smaller – by barley, soybeans and rapeseed. In 2018-2021, the gross harvest of these crops was within the following limits (thousand tons): corn 2015-2620, wheat 1200-1691, and sunflower 755-1001. 66 enterprises receive grain from vehicles, and 65 forward it. The average capacity of receiving grain is 3032.41 t/day, and forwarding 1183.61 t/day. There are 21 railway transport enterprises hiring, and 55 enterprises offering leave. The average capacity of receiving devices from the railway is 949.52 t/day, and the output capacity is 1448.69 t/day. 111 grain dryers from 11 producing countries are installed at the considered 53 enterprises of the region. Of them, 18.9% of enterprises have dryers of Ukrainian production only, 20.8% of enterprises have both domestic and foreign ones, but the majority of enterprises have dryers of foreign production only, which are 1.85 times more than the number of Ukrainian made dryers. It was established that 82 separators are used for grain cleaning at 37 elevators, most of which (63%) are domestically produced, which outnumber imported ones by 1.73 times. The total capacity of simultaneous storage of grain in 67 elevators of agricultural enterprises is 3554.35 thousand tons, of which 2449.41 thousand tons have harvesting elevators and 1104.94 thousand tons – production elevators. Their simultaneous storage capacity is less than the forecast values of gross grain harvests in 2022 – 6354.2 thousand tons, which requires the expansion of the elevator network of the Vinnytsia region.

Influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the performance of service dogs of different genotypes

Aim. In the current situation of Russia's military invasion of Ukraine, national security, territorial integrity and state sovereignty are extremely important for the country's dog services. The benefits of using dogs are much greater than the costs of their maintenance and training. Dogs search for explosive devices, missing soldiers and their remains, detain criminals, and guard military facilities. Different breeds of service dogs are preferred for each special task. Purpose: to study the methods of training service dogs of different breeds of detection service by scent trail and to analyse certain factors affecting the quality of the dog's work. Methods. The research on the topic of the scientific work was conducted in the conditions of the dog training center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine in Vinnytsia region. The following methods were used in the research process: zootechnical, analytical, calculation, biometric. The research materials were used for the study of German Shepherd, Labrador Retriever and Rottweiler dogs, which underwent a general training course and special training for detective work on human scent trails. Results. Service dogs have been used in human life for centuries to protect important facilities and territories, mine clearance, customs service, detention of criminals, search and rescue of people. Training of different breeds of dogs for a particular type of activity, painstaking and careful work of dog handlers, on which the results of dog performance in different conditions of their use depend. Conclusions. The testing of sniffer dogs for human scent detection was carried out in accordance with the existing rules and methods used in the dog training centers of the National Police of Ukraine. The conditions of keeping and feeding the dogs met the standards and recommendations, taking into account the breed, age, live weight, specifics of work and workload, which allowed us to obtain reliable results in the experiments. In the organisation of training and coaching of service dogs, all our studied factors will help dog handlers to use the dog methodically and competently in real circumstances.

REGIONAL FEATURES OF THE INTERSECTION OF ECO- AND RURAL TOURISM IN VINNYCHCHYNA DURING MARITAL STATE

The article examines the tourist potential of the Vinnytsia region and determines that the region has significant natural and recreational potential for the development of ecological and rural tourism. It has been established that the development of these types of tourism is due to the increase in demand for domestic tourism as a result of the war in Ukraine. Therefore, the main consumers of eco- and rural tourism services in Vinnytsia region are internally displaced persons, as well as connoisseurs of Ukrainian folk traditions due to the attractiveness of the nature, its environmental friendliness and rural lifestyle. Regulatory and legal documents regulating rural tourism, namely the Regional Development Strategy of the Vinnytsia Region until 2027, as well as the main directions of activity of the public organization «Vinnytsia Regional Branch of the Association for the Promotion of the Development of Rural Green Tourism in Ukraine» were studied. The tourist route Camino Podoliсo or St. Jacob’s Way, which covers two regions of Khmelnytskyi and Vinnytsia, was studied. It was found that this project is a unique opportunity to gain impressions from getting to know the unique sights, customs and traditions and natural features of Podillia. The significant areas of Vinnytsia region, the village of Busha of the Yampil district, on the territory of which there are outstanding monuments of the archaeology and architecture of the famous Bushan relief (carved out of stone in the Rock Temple by the hands of our glorious ancestors) and the remains of the Bushan fortress – a stone tower, the Haydamatskyi ravine, the remains of multi-layered settlements of Trypillia, Chernyakhiv, Penkiv and Scythian cultures, a medieval cemetery. The possibilities of Mogilev-Podilskyi, Barskyi and Vinnytsia districts regarding the development and intersection of eco- and rural tourism in wartime are also described. In the article, with the help of a SWOT analysis, the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the development of eco- and rural tourism in Vinnytsia are given. It was found that the combination of eco- and rural tourism is a necessary condition for the economic development of rural areas, and rural recreation should strengthen the ecological awareness of tourists in order to preserve the environment.

Метод поєднання ливарного та термічного процесів виготовлення виливків із залізовуглецевих сплавів

With the help of innovations at an industrial enterprise, it is possible to increase labor efficiency and reduce the resource intensity of production. The relevance of the development of the technology of metal casting in sand molds, as the most common casting process, is justified by the fact that up to 80 % of the tonnage of castings is produced in such molds, including special types of casting in molds from sand materials. 60-70 % of the equipment capacities, areas, and personnel of foundry shops are attributed to molding processes, including mixing and rod production. Pollution "due to the mold" can reach up to 80%. A significant potential for the development of foundry mold technology is the improvement of the processes of casting metal into molds made of loose sand without a binding component, in particular, according to the Lost Foam Casting Process (LFC). The authors present the concept of improving the processes of casting metal into molds made of loose sand by the method of dual application of molding materials and give examples of such application. The use of loose molding sand for rapid cooling of the casting, including heat treatment, is able to strengthen its metal and reduce the duration of cooling of the casting in the mold, which leads to an increase in the productivity of foundries without increasing the number of furnace equipment and loose mold filler. The applied method of isothermal hardening (austempering) from the hot state of castings from iron-carbon alloys excludes heating with exposure for austenization of castings, which reduces the cost, time and energy consumption of obtaining products with a strengthened bainite structure, which, in fact, corresponds to the concept of realizing internal reserves as a foundry sand mold, and cast metal. Some foundry enterprises of the Vinnytsia region also use LFC or have concluded contracts, planning to reconstruct their shops for this ecological and economically beneficial foundry technology.

HYDROLOGICAL AND HYDROCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT OF WATER STATUS OF THE SOUTHERN BUG RIVER WITHIN THE BOUNDARIES OF VINNICHCHINA

It is highlighted that in modern conditions, the surface waters of land are subject to significant anthropogenic influence, as a result of which their natural state is significantly changed and the possibility of using certain water bodies for economic and drinking needs is significantly limited. Since the drinking water supply of Ukraine is carried out mainly at the expense of surface water, objective information about the condition of water bodies, established on the basis of hygienic and ecological criteria, becomes extremely important and relevant. It was established that the influence of the economic and household activities of the village of Kolyukhiv, Vinnytsia region, on the pollution of the South Bug River within its borders is determined by the influx of nitrogenous substances, which lead to an increase in the concentration of ammonium nitrogen, nitrites and nitrates. The source of nitrogen input to the river water is surface runoff washing and the development of soil erosion processes from the adjacent shorelines, which are used for homestead farming and gardening. As a result of the research, it was found that in a sample of water taken from the South Bug River within the village of Kolyukhiv, Vinnytsia region, 1 km upstream in the forest plantation zone, the hydrogen pH is 7.8, the ammonium nitrogen content is 0.3 mg/l nitrite concentration – 2.7 mg/l, nitrate content – 39.6 mg/l, calcium content – 86.0 mg/l, chloride – 147.4 mg/l, and in the selected water sample 1 km downstream in the zone of intensive farming (homesteads), the hydrogen pH was 8.4, the content of ammonium nitrogen was 0.8 mg/l, the concentration of nitrites was 3.7 mg/l, the concentration of nitrates was 69.3 mg/l, the content calcium – 96.6 mg/l, chlorides – 164.2 mg/l. The main way to limit the flow of nitrogenous substances into the river is to observe sanitary protection zones along the river's perimeter. The sanitary and protective zone of the South Bug River should be 100 m, and in fact it is 10 m within the village. Therefore, the main measure is the expansion of the sanitary and protective zone to 100 m and its observance, which will allow reducing the content of ammonium nitrogen in the river water by 62% , nitrates – by 27%, nitrites – by 48%.

The newspaper 'Vinnytski visti' as a source on the activities of Ukrainian authorities under german occupation in 1941

The research aims to reveal the peculiarities of reflecting the activities of the Ukrainian authorities during the establishment of Nazi occupation in the local press ("Vinnytski Visti") and to indicate the source value of periodicals as an important resource for assessing the nature and competencies of local authorities in the Vinnytsia region. The research methodology is based on a comprehensive analysis of the complex phenomenon of press coverage of the activities of Ukrainian self-government bodies under occupation by a totalitarian regime. General historical methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison and generalization are used, along with content analysis and critique of periodicals as historical sources. The scientific novelty lies in analyzing a specific part of the periodical publication, focusing on the coverage of the complex of measures undertaken by Ukrainian local authorities in the field of administrative management, regulation of economic activities, social protection measures, and cultural life. This attempts, at the regional level, to reveal the true nature and functionality of the apparatus and activities of the Ukrainian authorities under occupation at its initial stage in 1941. Conclusions: Analyzing the publication "Vinnytski Visti" from September to December 1941, it is noted that the newspaper, as a periodical of local government, functionally had corresponding directions: providing the population with information about events in the world, country, and regional space; informing about the relations between the population and local authorities, introducing innovations in community life; explaining and commenting on the content of events and news, undoubtedly through the positions of the German occupation authorities and attempting to ensure their support by coordinating activities in various spheres of life, striving to ensure social consensus; despite the limitations of the occupation authorities, it popularized Ukrainian cultural heritage, called for the revival of folk traditions, and the eradication of the ethical practices imposed by the Bolshevik regime, while in the conditions of Nazi totalitarianism, it served as a mouthpiece for agitation and propaganda. The significance of the newspaper was particularly substantial in terms of informing about the renewal of the system of administrative management and fiscal policy, conducting mobilization measures, and organizing public events to arrange cultural and educational life in the community. The analysis of the newspaper as a source also shows the specificity of the powers of the local Ukrainian authorities, which, not being elected but appointed by the occupiers, had their own specifics. According to the procedure of formation, the local authorities were appointed, but in terms of powers, they corresponded institutionally to the functions of a local self-government body.

WEED SPECIES COMPOSITION IN TERRITORIES OF DIFFERENT TYPES IN VINNYTSIA REGION

The article highlights the results of studying the taxonomic composition, floristic features and occurrence of weed species in different types of territories in Vinnytsia region – 159 species of weeds belonging to 116 genera from 32 families were found in the investigated lands of different types – segetal (fields) and ruderal (field margins, field roads, highways). The largest number of species was documented on field margins (123 species), and the smallest number – on roadsides of highways (80 species). The number of identified species on fields and field roads is similar to that on field margins (117-111 species).The values of P. Jaccard’s floristic similarity coefficient indicate a high similarity of the species composition of fields, their roadsides, and field roads (65.2–69.6%) compared to the roadsides of highways (47.0–55.0%). This trend indicates a close interrelation of weed species composition of the main habitat types that make up each agroecosystem (fields, field margins and field roads), which is the reason for the need for regular monitoring of weeds not only in fields, but also in their margins and surrounding field roads.It was found that the distribution of species by families is irregular. The first places by the number of species for all comparison positions are occupied by the families Asteraceae Dumort. and Poaceae Barnhart., with the family Asteraceae significantly exceeding other families by the number of recorded species.It was established that most of the registered weed species belong to the dominant families. It was found out that 59 weed species were registered on all studied types of habitats. A comparative analysis of the obtained data showed that the species are represented in different types of localities to different degrees.The weed species composition in Vinnytsia region is characterized by the unity and stability of the taxonomic structure over a long period of time and regardless of the type of habitat. High indicators of similarity lead to a comprehensive study of weed species compositions of the main habitat types that make up each agroecosystem (fields, field margins, and field roads).

Парки-пам’ятки садово-паркового мистецтва Вінниччини як об’єкти історико-культурного туризму

The purpose of the article is a comprehensive analysis of the study of parks as monuments of landscape art in Vinnytsia region. Attention is focused on historical and cultural tourism, the purpose of which is to visit places related to history and historical heritage, which includes such objects as palace and park ensembles, historical buildings, and natural monuments of the native land. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, scientific objectivity, and systematicity. The purpose and objectives of the study led to the use of general scientific and special historical methods. The former include the methods of analysis and synthesis (of historical facts and sources), comparison and generalization in drawing conclusions. Among the historical methods is the chronological method, which allowed us to study the process of development of landscape gardening in Ukraine and in Vinnytsia region in chronological order. We also used the following methods: regional (which allowed us to trace the regional peculiarities of the region), problematic-chronological, comparative-historical. The scientific novelty of the study is that the information about parks as monuments of landscape gardening art of Vinnytsia region is comprehensively systematized. The main objects of garden and park tourism of national and local importance are characterized. Conclusions. Parks adorn the Vinnytsia land, have great natural, historical, scientific, educational, recreational, tourist and aesthetic significance, and are an integral part of the cultural heritage of our people. For this reason, they should be considered as important objects of tourist activity in the region. The article covers the history of the parks: Antopilskyi, Verkhivskyi, Nemerchenskyi, Nemyrovskyi, Obodivskyi, Tyvrivskyi, Cherniatynskyi, Pecherskyi and Tulchynskyi. Each of these parks-monuments of landscape art has its own past, associated with historical events, prominent personalities who visited it, legends and stories. The parks have preserved valuable plantings and architectural and artistic monuments that are important not only historically but also have a certain significance for contemporary practice. The main purpose of parks-monuments of landscape art is to preserve, maintain and restore park landscape compositions, as well as to conduct excursions and public recreation. Their territories can also be used for scientific research. They combine environmental protection functions with historical, tourist, cultural, and aesthetic ones. That is why they deserve special attention, care, maintenance and protection.

The expansion of invasive species to the East: new sites of the bullheads (genus Ameiurus Rafinesque 1820) in Ukraine with morphological and genetic identification.

This study confirms the extended distribution of two invasive species of the genus Ameiurus in Ukraine. Specifically, A. melas is recorded for the first time in the Southern Buh basin and A. nebulosus has expanded further eastward within the Dnipro basin. Material collected in 2019 and 2022 was identified by morphological features and confirmed by molecular genetic analysis. The most reliable morphological characters for distinguishing these two species include anal-fin membrane pigmentation (light or black), gill raker count (fewer or more than 16), and serrations on the pectoral-fin spine (well-developed along the full length or small, absent near the tip). The analysis of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I barcoding marker identified all samples from the Dnipro Basin (Tnia and Velykyi Luh localities) as A. nebulosus, while all specimens from the Vinnytsia region within the Southern Buh basin (Sotskoho and Vyshenske lakes) were attributed to A. melas. The maximum-likelihood analysis revealed clearly separated clades with high bootstrap support (>75%), strongly supporting the presence of the two separate species. This study suggests the potential for further eastward expansion of both species within Ukraine: A. nebulosus in the northern direction and A. melas in the southern direction.

Biodiversity centers of fauna in the urbanized landscape of Eastern Podillia: taxonomic richness and conservation prospects

Statement of the problem and goal. Vinnytsia region now demonstrates one of the lowest indicators of provision of natural protected areas and objects (2.27% of the region’s area). The regional figure for Vinnytsia is even lower, which is 1.65% of the city’s area. The need of the day is to study the localities of rare species of biota, rare biotopes, and migration routes of animals in an urbanized environment as potential objects for the development of protected areas. Materials and methods. Determination of the optimal methodology for identifying the taxonomic structure and ecological groups of the studied fauna based on the analysis of literary, cartographic, and stock materials. To assess the geocomponent representativeness of the fauna of the urban environment, expedition research methods were used. Systematization of terrestrial and terrestrial-aquatic taxonomic groups of fauna was carried out using empirical methods. Identification of characteristic traces and remains is used to record animals through visual observation. Audio Moth v.1.2.0 recording devices and an Echo Meter Touch 2 active bat detector were used to record owls (Strigiformes, Aves) and bats (Chiroptera, Mammalia). With the help of control catches, as well as through analysis of the catches of amateur fishermen, the species composition of fish was established. Results and discussion. Under conditions of significant technogenic transformation of the biotopes of the tract and nearby aquatic landscapes, a relatively rich zoocenosis has formed. This zoocenosis unites synanthropic and local species of birds, reptiles, mammals, amphibians and fish. This is facilitated by the combination of a wide range of facies that provide the trophic and topical needs of animals. The territory of the tract, thanks to the rich species composition of animals and stable interspecies connections, can effectively serve as a center for the conservation of biodiversity and an educational, ecological and aesthetic mission in an urban landscape. Scientific novelty. A specific faunal complex of the park, the mouth of the town of Tyazhilivka and the adjacent part of the Sabarovskoe reservoir has been identified. It includes 104 species of animals of the genus Chordata: class Mammals (Mammalia) - 14 species, class Birds (Aves) - 66 species, class Reptiles (Reptilia) - 4 species, class Amphibians (Amphibia) - 4 species, class Orthoptera (Actinopterygii) – 16 species. Research materials are the basis for the creation of a nature conservation area and the expansion and optimization of the existing natural reserve network of the urban environment.

Ecological assessment of natural complexes in «Serednie Pobuzhzhia» regional landscape park: theory and practice

The article proposes a methodology for determining the ecological assessment of natural complexes in «Serednie Pobuzhzhia» regional landscape park (RLP) according to psychological, aesthetic and geographical and aesthetic criteria. The representative landscapes of the park, which covers an area of 2618.2 hectares and was established in 2009, are located within Tyvriv and Sutyska settlement territorial communities of Vinnytsia region. The park was created to preserve the integrity of the unique landscapes of the valley and water area of the Pivdennyi Buh river. The park is decorated with rapids on the Pivdennyi Buh river, which were formed in places where crystalline rocks of the Ukrainian shield come to the surface, often forming cascades and stretching for up to several kilometres. Some blocks of granite rise up to 1.5 m above the water, which forms the corresponding aesthetics of the landscape. The park is home to boreal, non-morphic and pontic vegetation, represented by rare, endemic and relict species. The Pivdennyi Buh river valley is of great importance for the conservation of biotic and landscape diversity and requires protection and rational use of its resources. One of the anthropogenic impacts on the park’s natural complexes is recreational pressure. Therefore, the authors established the maximum recreational load on the natural complexes of the studied park according to the distribution of landscape types — park, forest, non-forest. On the basis of the conducted research, it is argued that in order to preserve the representative and unique biotic and landscape diversity of the park in the structure of the Buzkyi longitudinal natural corridor of the national ecological network, it is necessary to introduce a set of measures, taking into account the recreational load. In order to preserve the representative biotic and landscape diversity in the structure of the ecological and Emerald networks, it is necessary to expand the area of «Serednie Pobuzhzhia» park and include «Nemyrivske Pobuzhzhia» regional landscape park with an area of 5,678 hectares, creating a single continuous national nature park.

VARIABILITY OF SIGNS OF MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS DEPENDING ON THEIR LINEAL AFFILIATION

Data on the signs of milk productivity of cows of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed depending on their lineal affiliation are given. The research was conducted in SE DG "Oleksandrivske" Vinnytsia region (Forest-Steppe zone, n=714), the LLC JV "Imeni Volovikova" Rivne region (Polissya zone, n=1,840) and the SE "Experimental farm "Askaniyske" (Steppe zone, n=926 ) on firstborn and full-grown (III lactation) animals. It was found that cows of the Chif line 1427381 (6384 kg) were the most productive in the first lactation in the Forest Steppe zone, in the third - Eleveishn line 1491007 (7325), in the Polissya zone – Starbak line 352790 for both lactations (6126 and 6521 kg, respectively), and in the Steppe zone – Annas Adema 30587 lines (6570 kg and 7482 kg). The highest content of fat in the milk of the SE DG "Oleksandrivske" was found in the first-borns of the Valiant line 1650414 (3.65%) and in full-aged cows of the Starbak line 352790 (3.59%), in the LLC JV "Imeni Volovikova" – Eleveyshn 1491007 (3.67 %) and Valiant 1650414 (3.68%), in SE "Experimental farm "Askaniyske" – Chif 1427381 (4.19%) and Bell 1667366 (4.19%). It is worth noting that the lowest milk yield for the first lactation in the above-mentioned farms was observed, respectively, in cows of lines Haneve 1629391 (5465 kg), Valiant 1650414 (4545 kg) and Bell 1667366 (6055 kg), for the third lactation - in individuals of lines Valiant 1650414 (6633 kg), Eleveishn 1491007 (6058 kg) and Bella 1667366 (6464 kg). In the Forest Steppe zone, the first-borns of the Eleveyshn 1491007 and Starbak 352790 lines were the least fat-milk – 3.59%, and full-aged cows of the Chif 1427381 and Valiant 1650414 lines – 3.56%, in the Polissya zone – the Chif 1427381 and Starbak 352 lines – 3.62% 790 – 3, 62%, and in the Steppe zone – the Annas Adem 30587 line for both lactations – 3.95 and 3.89%, respectively. Variance analysis confirmed the conditionality of the phenotypic variability of the quantitative traits of milk production depending on the lineal belonging of cows established by the comparison of group averages. At the same time, the line had a more significant effect on hope than on fat. Depending on the farm and lactation, the strength of the influence on the milk fat content was in the range of 4.1–21.1%, and in the range of .4–12.4%. Therefore, the linear belonging of cows to some extent can serve as a criterion for predicting their milk productivity.

Epizootic monitoring of rabies incidence in the Vinnytsia region

Today, the entire territory of Ukraine is unfavorable for rabies, as a result of which we have one of the highest levels of rabies incidence among all European countries. Vinnytsia region remains one of the most disadvantaged regions in terms of rabies among both wild and domestic carnivores. However, the reasons for the permanently acute rabies epizootic situation in this territory remain poorly understood. The research materials included statistical data from the Main Department of the State Consumer Service in Vinnytsia region, reports of epizootic surveys of problematic areas regarding rabies; annual reports of food safety and veterinary medicine departments in districts, annual reports of the Vinnytsia Regional State Laboratory of the State Consumer Service, accompanying documents, and materials from primary veterinary records. From 2019 to 2023, 896 animals that died of rabies were found in Vinnytsia region. The most rabies cases among foxes are 427 heads (39 %), among dogs – 29 %. Among cats, 27 % (409 heads); among ruminants – 55 animals (7 %) fell ill and died from rabies. The ratio of conducted studies and positive results has increased in recent years, in 2019–2021 – 18 %, 13 %, 12 %, and in 2022–2023 – 26, 31 %. In 2023, during the examination of pat material from 250 dogs and cats that were received after death at the Vinnytsia Regional State Laboratory of the State Production and Consumer Service, rabies was confirmed in 95 animals, which is 38 % of those examined. Most sick dogs and cats with rabies were in March and October –14–12 animals (27 %). Most foxes with rabies after death were received in November – 12 heads (38 %) from the herd.

Current state and prospects for the development of agriculture in the Vinnytsia region

The agriculture of the Vinnytsia region plays an important role in the economy of this region, ensuring food security, employment stability and socio-economic development. The study aims to analyse the current state and peculiarities of the functioning of agriculture in the Vinnytsia region, as well as to identify prospects for the development of this sector of the region's economy. To achieve this goal, the following methods were used: abstract logikal, system-structural, method of analysis and comparison, economic-statistical, tabular, graphical and other methods. The study analyses current trends in agricultural development, covering information up to 2022, as there are currently no official statistics for 2023. It is established that 2022 was a difficult year for the country, as evidenced by the decline in plant production in the region from 2018 to 2022, but at the same time, there was a certain increase in the production of animal products. The study examines the structure of production and efficiency indicators of agriculture, which indicate both positive and negative trends. In particular, the positive side of the dynamics is the increase in the number of agricultural enterprises and the stability of the region's share in the national agricultural production. However, negative trends include a decline in production, a decrease in the profitability of operating activities and other indicators that reflect the impact of economic and technological factors on the industry. The study noted that proper use of fertilisers is essential for increasing land productivity. Several challenges that limit the productivity and sustainability of agricultural development in the region were identified. Climatic conditions, such as temperature and precipitation, environmental, economic and social problems that require an integrated approach to address them. The article substantiates the prospects for agricultural development, namely: optimisation of land use, introduction of modern technologies, support for agriculture and stimulation of ecological agricultural production. Examples of the introduction of modern technologies and innovations in the region's agriculture, including the cultivation of products without the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides, and the use of precision farming and biogas projects, are considered. Initiatives and programmes to support small and medium-sized enterprises and organic agriculture are also highlighted. These aspects can be used to create development strategies and make informed decisions.

State security bodies of the Vinnytsia region (1932-1938): an attempt to reconstruct the top management

State security bodies of the Vinnytsia region (1932-1938): an attempt to reconstruct the top management

STATE REGULATION OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN VINNYTSIA REGION UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF MARITAL STATE

The article is devoted to the analysis of state regional policy in Ukraine in the context of the military conflict and the full-scale invasion of Russian troops on the country's territory. The fundamental changes that have taken place in this area recently have been studied, as well as the main directions and priorities of reforms and programs aimed at ensuring stability and socio-economic development in the territorial communities of the regions. The article examines measures aimed at restoring infrastructure, supporting entrepreneurship, and stimulating economic growth in the conditions of martial law. The specific situation in the territorial communities of Vinnytsia region is analyzed in detail, attention is paid to the peculiarities of their economic and social development in the context of martial law. The state policy and legislation regarding state support provided for the development of territorial communities within the framework of the implementation of the State Regional Development Strategy for 2021-2027 in Ukraine is investigated. The impact of military events on the development of certain communities of the region on the example of Vinnytsia region, is analyzed. The research provides statistical data related to the development of territorial communities in 2022-2023. Data on their resource and economic potential are given. The directions of the state and local policy regarding the socio-economic development of the communities of the region have been determined. With the help of visualization of data on export and import of territorial communities of Vinnytsia region, their comparative analysis for 2022 and 2023 has been carried out. Moreover, the article examines various programs and projects aimed at supporting the economic recovery and development of Vinnytsia region territorial communities in the conditions of martial law. Conducted analysis can become the basis for the development and implementation of effective strategies for the modernization of territorial communities and regions of our country in modern conditions. The conclusions of the article emphasize the importance of state regional policy regarding the development of territorial communities of regions to ensure stability and prosperity of the country in the conditions of military threats and crisis situations.

УПРАВЛІННЯ РИЗИКАМИ НА МАШИНОБУДІВНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВАХ: ДЕЯКІ ПРОБЛЕМИ, ШЛЯХИ ВИРІШЕННЯ

The article presents the results of an in-depth analysis of risk management in the engineering industry, taking into account the importance of effective strategies of such management for business success and sustainable development. The main focus is on identifying problems faced by machine-building enterprises in risk management; some approaches to solving these problems are proposed. The fundamental nature of risks in business processes is outlined, their critical impact on the operational and financial aspects of machine-building enterprises is emphasized. Common industry risk factors such as market volatility, technological advancements, regulatory changes and operational inefficiencies are identified. Attention is paid to the outline of the current state of risk management practice in the engineering industry. The main difficulties faced by enterprises are highlighted, including insufficient risk control mechanisms, lack of integrated risk assessment systems at the planning and design stages, as well as insufficient use of modern technologies in risk management. The proposed recommendations include the development and implementation of a reliable risk control system that covers all stages of the business process, the implementation of modern technologies such as data analytics to improve the efficiency and accuracy of risk management methods. Certain risk management algorithms recommended taking into account the experience of the leading machine-building enterprises in the Vinnytsia region as components of strategic planning can contribute to competitive advantages, long-term development and long-term success in the activities of machine-building enterprises. It is emphasized that ignoring risk management or their insufficient control can cause serious consequences, including financial losses, deterioration of reputation and loss of competitiveness of enterprises.