Vigor Of Soybean Seeds Research Articles

Multivariate index of soybean seed vigor: a new biometric approach applied to the effects of genotypes and environments

Abstract : The objective of this work was to apply a multivariate index of vigor in soybean seeds to identify the differential effects of the genotypes x environments interaction on the quality of the seeds produced in the 2016/2017 harvest season. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, organized in the factorial scheme, with five seed production environments x 20 soybean genotypes, arranged in four replications. The seed production environments of Tenente Portela - RS and Santa Rosa - RS soybeans are characterized as the environments that express the highest magnitude for seed vigor index, however biometrically Sarandi - RS has been defined as the optimal environment for the production of high vigor seeds according to the tested genotypes. High seed vigor index were expressed for the genotypes TMG 7161 RR, AMS Tibagi RR, BMX Magna RR, Fepagro 37 RR and NA 5909 RG. The differential effects of the genotypes x production environments interaction of soybean seeds influenced by more than 68% the vigor index of the seeds produced.

Alelopatia de Ambrosia artemisiifolia na germinação e no crescimento de plântulas de milho e soja

In this work, the influence of root exudates and aqueous extract from Ambrosia artemisiifolia shoots on germination, seed vigor and initial development of corn and soybean were evaluated. Two experiments were carried out in a factorial scheme (2x2), corn and soybean with and without root exudate, and the second in a factorial scheme (2x4), corn and soybean at concentrations of 0, 25, 50 and 75% of aqueous extract of A. artemisiifolia shoots. The root exudate of A. artemisiifolia negatively affected the vigor of maize seeds, but not germination. The root exudate of A. artemisiifolia did not influence the germination and vigor of soybean seeds. The corn crop was more sensitive than soybean to root exudate. The aqueous extract from A. artemisiifolia shoots negatively affected the vigor of maize seeds and the vigor and germination of soybean seeds, being the soybean crop more sensitive to the allelopathic effects of the extract. The aqueous extract from A. artemisiifolia shoots presented total phenol content of 11.13 mg g-1 of the dry mass, which can be considered a high value when compared to other weeds.

EXUDATE pH AND FLOODING TESTS TO EVALUATE THE PHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF SOYBEAN SEEDS

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to assess the variations in the parameters of the exudate pH and flooding tests to evaluate the physiological quality of soybean seeds. We subjected the lots of soybean seeds to germination, emergence, exudate pH, and flooding tests. Further, water content of the seeds, first count of germination, and emergence speed index were also determined. The exudate pH test studied the variations in the soaking period and temperature, while the flooding test assessed the variations in the amount of water and temperature at different periods of immersion. The experiment design was completely randomized. The results were presented as means and were compared using the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the exudate pH and emergence of seedlings, and also between the flooding test result and emergence of seedlings were calculated. The results of the study indicated that the exudate pH test can be used to evaluate the physiological quality of soybean seeds after 30 min of imbibition at 20 °C. Further, the flooding test was efficient in evaluating the vigor of soybean seeds after 4 h of immersion either in 50 mL of distilled water at 25 °C or in 75 mL of distilled water at 30 °C.

Physical and physiological quality of soybean seeds at three speeds of the harvester

ABSTRACT The mechanized harvesting of soybean is a fundamental tool in the production process of this crop and, if not performed properly, it can result in severe mechanical damage to the seeds, causing significant losses at harvest, particularly due to reduced quality. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the physical and physiological quality of soybean seeds at three speeds of the harvester, using statistical process control. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Conceição das Alagoas, MG, Brazil, with three travel speeds: 4.5, 5.0 and 5.5 km h-1. The seed samples were collected at 20 min intervals for 3 h of operation, with a total of 9 samples for each speed. The evaluations were performed based on the following parameters: grain temperature, water content, concave opening, cylinder rotation, mechanical damage and electrical conductivity. The physical and physiological quality of the seeds was dependent on the displacement speed of machine. The highest speed led to lower mechanical damage and higher vigor of soybean seeds.

Physiological quality of soybean seeds artificially cooled and stored in different packages

ABSTRACT The aeration of seeds with artificially cooled air and their storage in big-bag packages aim to lengthen the shelf life while maintaining the quality. Thus, the objective was to study the effects of cooling before storage on germination and vigor of soybean seeds stored in trifoliate kraft paper bag and big bag in non-air-conditioned environment. Seeds of soybean cultivar NA 7337 RR were mechanically harvested in March 2013, holding an average moisture content of 18% w.b. In June, 16,000 kg of seeds were processed and cooled to 18 °C. Equal amount of non-cooled seeds was used as a control. Equally divided in kraft paper and in big bags, and combining cooling and packaging, the seeds were stored for three months and analyzed for moisture content, germination and vigor. Cooling to room temperature and different packaging types had similar effects on seed quality. Big bags packing showed better efficiency in retaining the moisture content of cooled seeds. No direct effects of cooling could be identified prior to storage on the germination and vigor of soybean seeds.

Condicionamento fisiológico de sementes de soja, componentes de produção e produtividade

RESUMO: A cultura da soja apresenta importância comercial extremamente relevante para a economia brasileira. O condicionamento fisiológico é uma técnica que permite melhorar a qualidade das sementes, sobretudo daquelas de baixo vigor. O vigor é definido como a capacidade das sementes em apresentar desempenho adequado, quando expostas a diferentes condições ambientais. Sementes de alto vigor produzem plantas com maior velocidade de emergência e maiores níveis nos componentes de rendimento, desdobrando assim em uma maior produtividade de sementes no final do seu ciclo. O objetivo foi avaliar o comportamento agronômico em plantas, em condições de campo, oriundas de sementes de soja condicionadas sob diferentes potenciais osmóticos, em função dos níveis de vigor. Foram avaliados os componentes de produção e a produtividade da soja. O condicionamento fisiológico em sementes de médio vigor influencia positivamente nos componentes (emergência de plântulas, altura de inserção da primeira vagem, número de vagens/planta, número de sementes/planta, número de sementes/vagem) e na produtividade da cultivar 'M7211RR' de soja. Os diferentes níveis de vigor das sementes de soja ocasionam diferenças no número de vagens/planta.

Estresse hídrico e salino em sementes de soja classificadas em diferentes tamanhos

RESUMO A importância do tamanho das sementes tem sido relatada para várias espécies, visto que pode afetar a sua germinação e o vigor das plântulas, principalmente sob condições de estresse. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do tamanho das sementes na germinação e crescimento inicial de plântulas de soja (cultivares M9144RR e M8527RR), sob condições de estresse hídrico e salino. O estresse hídrico foi induzido por manitol e o salino por cloreto de sódio. Para a avaliação do efeito dos tratamentos, as sementes foram submetidas ao teste de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação e crescimento de plântulas. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Houve redução na germinação e no vigor das sementes de soja com a diminuição do potencial osmótico. Não foi observado efeito do tamanho das sementes sobre a germinação e comprimento das plântulas, porém, as sementes de maior tamanho resultaram em plântulas com maior massa seca, mesmo quando submetidas a condições de estresse hídrico e salino.

Physiological attributes, growth and expression of vigor in soybean seeds under soil waterlogging

Soil waterlogging in lowland areas is detrimental to many rainfed crops in all regions of the world, affecting the growth and development of plants. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the growth, assimilate partitioning and expression of vigor in the soybean cultivar BMX Potencia when subjected to waterlogging. The treatments consisted of 2- and 4-day periods of waterlogging during the vegetative growth stage, V5. Control plants were maintained at the field capacity. At regular intervals of 14 days after sowing until the end of the cycle, plants were collected for the determination of dry mass and leaf area. We evaluated growth according to simple logistics, assimilate partitioning and the expression of seed vigor in each period. Plants in different periods of growth showed a reduced efficiency in converting solar energy over time in response to waterlogging, yielding seeds with an increased mass and vigor. Thus, it was observed that an increase in the period of waterlogging reduces plant growth but does not affect the vigor of soybean seeds. Key words: Glycine max (L.) Merrill, dry matter, leaf area, seed vigor.

Mobilization of reserves and vigor of soybean seeds under desiccation with glufosinate ammonium

Abstract: The physiological quality of seeds depends on the cellular organization and their capacity to mobilize reserves. The goal of this study was to assess the germination and vigor of soybeans seeds of Benso1RR and NA 5909 RG cultivars from desiccated plants or not, by mobilizing reserves. Cultivars from desiccated plants or not, by mobilizing reserves. The plants were desiccated with glufosinate ammonium (GLA) in reproductive stage R7.1 or not (TST). The physiological seed quality was assessed by germination tests, accelerated aging and seedling length. For the mobilization of reserves were assessed within 48 hours of soaking: phytate, protein and soluble sugar contents. In 48 hours of soaking, seeds from desiccated plants in cultivar NA 5909 RG showed lower mobilization of soluble protein and soluble sugar, reflecting low vigor seedlings compared to their controls. For cultivar Benso1RR, in 48 hours of soaking, the application of GLA did not affect the mobilization of soluble protein when compared to control and did not differ as to vigor. It is concluded that the use of the desiccant has negatively influenced the mobilization of soluble protein and soluble sugar for cultivar NA 5909 RG, reflecting a low percentage of germination and low vigor.

Efeito da adubação fosfatada na produção de sementes de soja

O fósforo pode contribuir com o aumento de qualidade das sementes produzidas e incrementar a produtividade de grãos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da adubação fosfatada sobre a qualidade, a composição química e a produtividade das sementes de soja e, a produtividade de grãos em lavoura estabelecida partir dessas sementes. Foram realizados dois ensaios. No Ensaio 1 avaliaram-se os seguintes tratamentos: T1 - controle, semeadura sem P2O5; T2 - 50% a menos que a dose de P2O5 recomendada com base na análise do solo; T3 - 100% da dose de P2O5 recomendada; T4 - 50% a mais que a dose de P2O5 recomendada; e, T5 - 100% a mais que dose de P2O5 recomendada. Após a colheita foram determinados o número de sementes e de legumes por planta, a produtividade, a germinação, a viabilidade e o vigor por meio do teste tetrazólio, a composição química e a massa de mil sementes. No Ensaio 2, as sementes colhidas no Ensaio 1 foram semeadas e avaliou-se o número de legumes e o de grãos por planta e a produtividade. O delineamento experimental utilizado nos dois ensaios foi em blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições. A adubação fosfatada proporciona maior vigor das sementes de soja, além de contribuir para o aumento de fósforo, ferro e zinco nas sementes produzidas. Sementes com maiores concentrações de fósforo em sua constituição contribuem para o aumento de produtividade da soja.

Comparison of tests for the analysis of vigor and viability in soybean seeds and their relationship to field emergence

The objective of this study was to compare tests used to identify vigor in soybean seeds and to establish a model that relates the seeds' vigor, as determined in the laboratory, with field emergence. Five soybean cultivars were evaluated based on their germination, sand emergence, immersion in sodium hypochlorite, accelerated aging, controlled deterioration, cold test, seedling growth, electrical conductivity, tetrazolium, emergence percentage, seedling length in the field and seedling dry weight. The experimental design was completely randomized and means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability. Assays for accelerated aging, controlled deterioration and tetrazolium showed the closest correlation to field emergence. The regression model included the sand emergence speed, germination speed index and index of sand emergence speed as the variables that best correlated with field emergence.

Produtividade e qualidade de sementes de soja em função de estádios de dessecação e herbicidas

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a melhor época de aplicação de dessecantes, de forma a permitir antecipação da colheita sem prejudicar a produtividade e qualidade de sementes de soja. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial (3x3) + 1, com quatro repetições. Um dos fatores foi constituído pelos herbicidas dessecantes paraquat, glufosinato de amônio e glyphosate, nas doses de 400, 400 e 960 g i.a. ha-1, respectivamente. Outro fator constituiu-se de três estádios de aplicação dos herbicidas, via pulverização (R6, R7.2 e R8.1). Avaliaram-se a antecipação da colheita, massa de 100 sementes, produtividade, germinação e vigor das sementes. A utilização de herbicidas, aliada aos estádios fenológicos de aplicação, permitiu antecipar a colheita de um a seis dias. A dessecação de plantas de soja em pré-colheita com os herbicidas nos diferentes estádios fenológicos não afetou a produtividade. O herbicida glufosinato de amônio reduziu a germinação de sementes de soja quando aplicado no estádio R6. O herbicida glyphosate reduziu o vigor das sementes de soja quando aplicado nos estádios R6 e R7.2. O herbicida paraquat promoveu os melhores índices de germinação e vigor de sementes de soja quando utilizado nos estádios R6 e R7.2.

Hydric restriction as vigor assessment method of soybean seeds

The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of using hydric restriction as a method for evaluating vigor of soybean seeds. The soybean seeds, cultivar BRS 245RR, represented by four different seed lots, were characterized by germination and vigor. For the treatment of hydric restriction and temperature, the combination of substrate water potential and temperature were the following: deionized water (0.0 MPa); polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) aqueous solution (-0.1, -0.3 and -0.5 MPa); and four temperatures (20 ºC, 25 ºC, 30 ºC, and 35 ºC), respectively. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with four replications per treatment, and the ANOVA was performed individually for each combination of temperature and water potential of substrate. According to results obtained, the test of hydric restriction has the same efficiency of the accelerated aging test in estimating vigor of soybean seeds, cv. BRS 245RR, when water potentials of -0.1 MPa or -0.3 MPa at a temperature of 25 ºC, or -0.3 MPa at a temperature of 30 ºC are used.

Teste de condutividade elétrica em sementes de soja armazenadas sob diferentes temperaturas

Os resultados do teste de condutividade elétrica podem ser influenciados pela temperatura de armazenamento, particularmente as mais baixas, como em condições de câmara fria (10 ºC). Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito da temperatura e do período de armazenamento na condutividade elétrica e na composição química da solução de embebição de sementes de soja. Para tanto, foram determinados o teor de água, a germinação, o vigor (testes de envelhecimento acelerado, de frio e de condutividade elétrica) e a composição química (K+, Ca2+ e Mg2+) da solução de embebição. Foram utilizados dois lotes de sementes, da cultivar FT-20, com níveis distintos de vigor. As avaliações foram realizadas a cada três meses, durante 15 meses. Tanto a temperatura como o período de armazenamento influenciaram o vigor das sementes. A lixiviação dos íons K+, Ca2+ e Mg2+ foi influenciada pelos mesmos fatores. Pelos resultados concluiu-se que o teste de condutividade elétrica não é indicado para avaliar o vigor de sementes de soja armazenadas sob baixa temperatura (10 ºC) e o K+ é o íon lixiviado em maior quantidade de semente de soja, independentemente da temperatura de armazenamento.

Soluble Sugar Contents, Germination, and Vigor of Soybean Seeds in Response to Drought Stress

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effect of drought stress on seed germination and vigor of soybean in relation with soluble sugars. Three drought stress treatments, well-watered treatment (WW), gradual stress (GS) imposed prior to severe stress treatment, and sudden severe stress (SS), were imposed on soybean plants at beginning seed fill stage (R5) for 20–23 d. Drought stress, whether sudden or gradual, increased the percentage (by number) of small and medium seeds compared with the well-watered treatment. In general, the small and medium seeds had lower germination than the large seeds. Drought stress reduced the germination of medium seeds compared with those from well-watered plants, but did not change the standard germination of the large seeds. The vigor of the large seeds, as indicated by germination after accelerated aging (AA) (100% RH at 42°C for 72 h), was reduced by the SS treatment compared to GS and WW treatments. Although, the GS treatment gave an advantage in AA germinati...

Desempenho de sementes de soja sob condições diferentes de potencial osmótico

Os cultivos sucessivos e as adubações necessárias acumulam resíduos minerais no solo, os quais alteram o potencial hídrico e afetam o desempenho fisiológico das sementes. Para avaliar a germinação e o vigor de sementes de soja, em condições variadas de potencial osmótico, conduziu-se um experimento em laboratório, no qual sementes de dois lotes da cultivar FEPAGRO RS 10, foram colocadas para germinar em papel-toalha umedecido com soluções de PEG 6000, NaCl, KCl e MgCl2, para a obtenção dos potencias osmótico de zero; -0,05; -0,10; -0,20; -040 e -0,80 MPa. As sementes foram avaliadas através do teste de germinação (primeira contagem e contagem final), comprimento e massa seca das plântulas. A análise dos resultados permitiu concluir que o decréscimo nos potenciais osmóticos induzidos pelos solutos utilizados reduziu o potencial fisiológico das sementes de soja, sendo o vigor mais afetado do que a germinação. O efeito da redução dos potenciais osmóticos sobre as sementes e plântulas depende da qualidade inicial das sementes, do tipo de sal e sua concentração. O PEG 6000 produz efeitos mais estressantes no desempenho das sementes de soja, do que os sais, quando há redução dos potenciais osmóticos até -0,80 MPa. O potencial osmótico de -0,80 MPa induzido por MgCl2 e PEG 6000 impede a germinação e a manifestação do vigor das sementes de soja.

Effects of Aspirin(Asp) and Sulfamethoxazolum-Trimetho-Primum(Smz-Tmp) on Germination and Vigor of Soybean Seeds

Effects of Aspirin(Asp) and Sulfamethoxazolum-Trimetho-Primum(Smz-Tmp) on Germination and Vigor of Soybean Seeds

Relationship between nitrogen sources, germination and vigor of soybean seeds

This research was conducted in two experimental areas; the first had been under cultivation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum anually inoculated for several years and the second was cultivated with sugarcane for many years receiving only mineral fertilization. Mineral nitrogen (urea and ammonium) effect was compared with the effects of inoculant treatments (liquid and peat carriers) on plant development, yield and seed quality. After harvesting, seeds were stored under normal environmental conditions and tested periodically. Germination, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity and seedling emergence tests showed that seeds coming from the area where inoculation was practiced have better quality. Best plant performance regarding plant height at different growth stages and yield was also found in this area. Among the nitrogen sources studied, best results were obtained when peat was the inoculant carrier.

Relationship Beween Soybean Seed Vigor and Yield1

AbstractThe relationship between the vigor of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] planting seed and yield of the resulting crop has not been clearly determined. Studies were conducted in 1975, 1976, and 1977 to evaluate the relationship between seed vigor and yield in soybeans by experimental techniques that duplicate as closely as possible practices followed by commercial producers of soybeans. The cultivars ‘Cutler 71’ and ‘Kent’ were used in 1975 and 1976, and ‘Williams’ and Kent in 1977. Three to six lots of seed of each cultivar were selected to provide a wide range in seed vigor and maintain a high viability (standard germination). Two seeding rates were used, 16 and 33 viable seed/m (13 and 26 viable seed/m in 1977) in 3‐row plots with 76 cm between the rows (66 cm in 1975).Standard germination of the 27 lots included in the experiment ranged from 77.0 to 98.5% and averaged 90%. The 4‐day germination was closely related to the standard germination but averaged 6.3 percentage points lower. The accelerated‐aging germination averaged 69.5% and ranged from 18.0 to 97.5%. Field conditions at planting were near optimum and field emergence was high for all seed lots in all 3 years of the experiment. Thus, there was no relationship between seed vigor and emergence or final stand, regardless of cultivar or planting rate. Seed vigor had no effect on yield regardless of cultivar or planting rate. In the absence of stand differentials, there appears to be no yield advantage associated with the utilization of high vigor planting seed.

Evaluation of Vigor in Soybean Seeds: Influences of Date of Planting and Soil Type on Emergence, Stand, and Yield1,2

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed lots were evaluated for emergence, stand, and yield. Seven cultivars were analyzed in 1975 and eight in 1976. The seeds were planted 3.8 cm deep at a rate of 6 seeds/0.3 m of row in sandy and heavy type soils. Three planting dates — early, pre‐optimum, and optimum — and four replicates were used for the evaluations. Emergence counts (V2 to V3 growth stage) and stand counts (R6 growth stage) were recorded for the planting dates and sites. Yield was determined on 4.9 m of row for seeds planted on the optimum planting date in the heavy type soil.Each year, seedling emergence and stand were better on a sandy type soil than on the heavy soil and were best for the optimum date of planting. Simple correlation coefficients of emergence and stand counts for both years were high and significant. However, analysis of variance showed seed lots did not perform similarity across sites and planting dates in 1975. A 10 to 15 percentage point difference in emergence was necessary for a significant difference between seed lots, depending on site and planting date. In 1975 and 1976 the correlations between stand and yield were low, rr= 0.361 and 0.311, respectively, but those between stand and yield/plant were high and negative, r = −0.862 and −0.830, respectively. Stand and yield for the cultivar ‘Wayne’ were significantly correlated each year.