Video Article Research Articles

Performative Ethnographies of Migration and Intercultural Collaboration in <i>Arrival Cities: Hanoi</i>

This video article explores the embodied experience of migration by revisiting the process of making Arrival Cities: Hanoi. This piece of experimental music theatre sought a new format for politically informed theatre that would be responsive to the challenges of a globalized society. It is built on ethnographic fieldwork carried out by the Vietnamese/Swedish group The Six Tones, in collaboration with director Jörgen Dahlqvist and the composer Kent Olofsson.The role of this ethnographic process was manifold. It was a means of a political engagement, which also created images that could be shared and transformed in the performance. In Arrival Cities: Hanoi, the stage was set so that the three performers could play their instruments, perform choreography, and tell stories. A central aim was to make the individual memories of the performers a cornerstone of the dramaturgy. We are interested in how memory is embodied and how performative ethnography can constitute a method for an ethically and artistically grounded practice, within which we also emphasize the role of empathy and the sharing of individual life stories.In this video article, we give particular attention to the choreographies that were recorded and created as part of this process. Intercultural music and theatre operate in a liminal space between traditions, where aesthetic choices are difficult to negotiate. Without trust and empathy, these negotiations cannot reach beyond the surface. In Arrival Cities: Hanoi, composer, director, and performers were all engaged in such learning processes, and the music as performed can be seen as the embodiment of a particular narrative, grounded in an intercultural collaboration. Editor's Note: The acknowledgements section was missing from the original submission. It has been added to the transcript on 20/04/2020.

Ultrasonography of the ulnar nerve in the elbow: video article.

Disorders affecting the ulnar nerve in the elbow are common in clinical practice. The diagnosis is based on clinical evaluation and electrodiagnostic tests, but imaging examinations are frequently necessary, particularly for the identification of the structures associated with nerve compression. The purpose of this video article is to review the anatomy, the pathology, scanning techniques, and sonographic appearance of the ulnar nerve in the elbow.

Single port laparoscopy combined with vaginal cervicovaginal reconstruction in a patient with congenital atresia of the cervix

To introduce an innovation that combines single port laparoscopic and Wharton-Sheares-George cervicovaginal reconstruction using a small intestinal submucosa (SIS) graft in a patient with congenital cervical atresia, absence of vagina, and incomplete uterine septum (U2aC4V4). Video article introducing a new surgical technique. University hospital. A 15-year-old patient with congenital cervical atresia, absence of vagina, and incomplete uterine septum had primary amenorrhea and cyclic lower abdominal pain. The magnetic resonance imaging did not show hematometra and the endometrium was 6 mm when she had lower abdominal pain. A neovagina (depth, 7 cm; width, 2.5 cm) was created using the Wharton-Sheares-George neovaginoplasty. By single laparoscopy, the bladder was separated from the anterior surface of the uterus. With the mold in the neovagina created by the assistant, the apex of neovagina was opened. Then the lower uterine segment was exposed and incised. A T-shaped intrauterine device was connected to an 8-cm-long catheter scissored from a 14-F Foley catheter and was inserted into the uterus to prevent cervical or vaginal stenosis. The upper end of the graft was applied onto the lower uterine segment with delayed absorbable sutures. The lower end was sutured to the high vaginal or vestibular mucosa. The feasibility and effect of combination single port laparoscopic with vaginal cervicovaginal reconstruction in the congenital atresia of cervix. The operation was successful. The operating time was 90 minutes. Hospitalization was 3 days. There were no intraoperative and postoperative complications. The patient had resumption of menses at three cycles postoperatively, and she had no dysmenorrhea. No cervical or vaginal stenosis occurred because of the Foley catheter. Single port laparoscopic combined with vaginal cervicovaginal reconstruction provided a minimally invasive, safe, and effective surgical option for the young patient with congenital atresia of cervix. It was successful and without complications or cervical or vaginal stenosis.

Arthroscopic, Implant-Free Bone-Grafting for Shoulder Instability with Glenoid Bone Loss

The major steps of the procedure, which are demonstrated in the present video article, include (1) detachment of the labrocapsular ligamentous complex and preparation of the anterior aspect of the glenoid, (2) establishment of a deep anterior-inferior portal and splitting of the subscapularis tendon, (3) introduction of the "waterslide," (4) osteotomy at the scapular neck 30° relative to the glenoid surface and trial impaction, (5 and 6) harvesting and preparation of a J-shaped bicortical iliac-crest bone graft, (7) press-fit impaction of the bone graft in the prepared osteotomy over the "waterslide", and (8) capsuloligamentous repair over the graft. Coracoid transfer (Latarjet-Bristow), iliac-crest bone-grafting, and distal tibial allograft. Although widely in use, nonanatomic coracoid transfer procedures or bone-block techniques relying on hardware fixation are associated with specific complications, including nonunion, osteolysis, coracoid fractures, hardware complications, and difficult revision1. Many of these disadvantages can be avoided by the use of anatomic implant-free glenoid reconstruction with a J-shaped iliac-crest bone graft. After press-fit fixation, the graft undergoes a physiological remodeling process that follows the law of bone adaptation to mechanical stresses described by Wolff, which ultimately results in the restoration of a nearly native anterior scapular neck morphology4. The open version of this technique has been successfully used for over 3 decades. The arthroscopic, minimally invasive variation of the J-bone-graft technique presented in this video article represents a further advancement of the anatomic nature of the procedure. The arthroscopic implant-free J-bone-graft technique is an alternative to other procedures widely used for the treatment of anterior glenoid bone defects. The main advantage of this technique is the avoidance of severe complications that arise from the nonanatomic reconstruction and fixation methods found with other procedures1. Early to midterm follow-up of the arthroscopic J-bone-graft technique has revealed excellent clinical results, and the traditional open technique has been in use successfully for over 3 decades2-5. Previous patients have been able to return to a variety of occupational and athletic activities including overhead, throwing, and contact sports. Return to daily living and to moderate athletic activities is usually possible within 3 months. Return to competition is allowed after 6 months2-5. •Avoid intraoperative graft fractures by applying strictly axial force during impaction.•Reduce the risk of glenoid fractures by performing an oblique osteotomy at an angle of 20° to 30° and 5 mm medial to the glenoid surface.•The postoperative physiological remodeling process determines ultimate graft fixation and glenohumeral stability. Keep this in mind when allowing return to activities.

Arthroscopic Knotless-Anchor Rotator Cuff Repair.

The most common type of rotator cuff lesion is a tear of the supraspinatus tendon, with arthroscopic rotator cuff repair representing an established treatment option1-3. Several double-row techniques have been described to achieve complete coverage of the rotator cuff footprint. Among these is the bridging, double-row, transosseous-equivalent rotator cuff repair, which has become one of the most popular techniques for its maximized contact area and initial fixation strength4-9. However, medial cuff failure is a common complication following this procedure9-14. To reduce medial strangulation and overall surgical time, all-knotless anchor repair has been introduced as an alternative technique15. The arthroscopic knotless, bridging, double-row, transosseous-equivalent technique is performed with the patient in the beach-chair position via lateral operative and viewing portals. A medial row of suture anchors is placed in the usual fashion. The tendon is then perforated twice per anchor with use of a suture-passer device, after which the suture limbs are bridged over the tendon and fixed in a lateral row of anchors. Excellent functional outcomes as well as satisfaction in >90% of patients have been reported with the supraspinatus knotted double-row, bridging, transosseous-equivalent repair4,9,11,13,16-19. No significant differences have been reported for clinical results and tendon integrity on magnetic resonance imaging when comparing knot-tying and knotless double-row transosseous-equivalent rotator cuff repair; however, the rate of medial cuff failure was lower among knotless procedures1,12,16,17,20-25. The major steps of the procedure, which are demonstrated in this video article, include (1) diagnostic arthroscopy; (2) supraspinatus tear visualization and debridement; (3) decortication of the footprint on the greater tuberosity; (4) placement of the medial row of anchors loaded with nonabsorbable suture tape; (5) separate suture passage of each limb, perforating the tendon with use of a suture passer; (6) fixation of the tape in the lateral row of anchors, creating a bridging configuration; and (7) anterolateral acromioplasty with use of an arthroscopic burr. Complications are rare following this procedure. As postoperative rehabilitation is essential for tendon healing, the operative arm should be placed in an abduction brace for 6 weeks, with only passive mobilization.

Open Reduction and Pin Fixation of Pediatric Lateral Humeral Condylar Fractures.

Lateral condylar fractures of the humerus are the second most common elbow fracture seen in pediatrics, behind supracondylar humeral fractures. All practicing orthopaedic surgeons should be able to identify and treat these injuries appropriately, as the intra-articular and transphyseal nature of this fracture pattern contributes to the relatively high complication rate. Treatment has evolved with time as classification systems better characterize the different types of lateral condylar fractures, aiding in decision-making for management. This video article reviews the diagnostic findings and classification systems for lateral condylar fractures and then details the surgical technique for open reduction and internal fixation of displaced lateral condylar fractures. Position the patient supine with the arm extended on a hand table with a sterile tourniquet. Center the incision over the capitellum. Follow the rent in the fascia to the fracture. Open the capsule anteriorly to view across the joint, avoiding excess posterior dissection to protect the blood supply. Clear soft tissue from the anterior surface of the fracture fragment, which will allow visualization of the fragment without excessive posterior dissection. Using a long retractor anteriorly to maintain visualization of the articular surface, reduce the fracture with a valgus force. Insert 2 pins percutaneously posterior to the incision. One pin should be parallel to the joint surface; the other should diverge >45° and fixate the medial metaphysis. Confirm reduction by direct visualization as well as by anteroposterior, lateral, and internal oblique radiographs. Cut and bend the pins outside the skin and close the incision with absorbable suture. Apply a long-arm cast. Nonoperative management is reserved for fractures with <2 mm of displacement. Closed reduction can be attempted for fractures with 2 to 4 mm of displacement. Screw fixation may be utilized in some cases. Management of fractures displaced 2 to 4 mm is controversial and surgeon-dependent. Although cast immobilization for these fractures has been reported historically as successful1, close follow-up is required as these fractures can have late displacement. Many authors have a low threshold for operative intervention if close follow-up cannot be guaranteed or if there is concern for increasing displacement2. Both closed reduction and percutaneous pinning with an arthrogram and open reduction with direct visualization and fixation are acceptable treatment methods3. There is consensus that surgery is warranted for a displaced lateral condylar fracture with malrotation or articular incongruity. Although there is 1 report of percutaneous reduction and fixation in substantially displaced fractures4, most surgeons perform open reduction with either pin or lag screw fixation for fractures displaced >4 mm. Although lag screw fixation is biomechanically superior5 and has higher union rates6,7 and lower infection rates8, a second surgery is necessary for implant removal because of growth concerns9. Bone union and good clinical results can be obtained in children with a lateral condylar fracture10. Lateral overgrowth in the form of a "lateral spur" and cubitus valgus are the most common residual deformities seen10. Nonunion, osteonecrosis, fishtail deformity, and ongoing range of motion limitations are seen less commonly in lateral condylar fractures11-13. Reserve nonoperative management for minimally displaced fractures that can be followed closely.An arthrogram is required for closed reduction to ensure joint surface congruity.Avoid posterior dissection as it risks the blood supply to the distal fragment.Counsel parents that lateral overgrowth is to be expected and results in no functional limitations to the patient.

СПЕЦИФИКА ЛИТЕРАТУРНОЙ ПУБЛИЦИСТИКИ НА СОВРЕМЕННОМ YOUTUBE

The popularity of visual media is steadily growing. Over the past 10 years, the YouTube video holding, and, in particular, its Russianspeaking segment, has grown from an amateur video repository into one of the largest information resources on the planet, and video blogging has turned from a strange hobby into a prestigious and profitable profession. More and more people prefer to watch the news rather than read it. The same applies to journalism. The genre of a video article in which the author complements the material with audiovisual content is easier to perceive, since it uses several channels of perception and does not require active actions from the audience, such as paging scrolling through pages or scrolling the screen. The article will consider the main directions of literary journalism in the vastness of Russianlanguage YouTube.

Tips and tricks for laparoscopic interval transabdominal cervical cerclage; a simplified technique

With the advance of laparoscopic surgery, several minimally invasive cervical cerclage techniques have been described and the outcomes of those have been promising. With this video article, we describe a simplified technique for laparoscopic interval transabdominal cervical cerclage. The suture material is a standard non-absorbable, braided polyester Mersilene tape, which is also used for transvaginal cerclage. The straightened needle is passed medial to the uterine vessels and lateral to the cervico-isthmic junction in anteroposterior direction on both sides, and pulled out above the uterosacral ligament. The knot is tied posteriorly, just above the uterosacral plate. The advantages of straightened needles are easy insertion into the abdominal cavity through the 5-mm ports, and more accurate direction of the suture in anteroposterior direction. In addition, posterior knots can be removed via colpotomy in the event of pregnancy failure in the second trimester, and this allows vaginal delivery.

Discrepancy between radiographic and true cup position after total hip arthroplasty : Are we interpreting our radiographic quality indicators correctly? Video article

After total hip arthroplasty (THA), objective postoperative quality control is done via X‑rays by as component position assessment. The cup position is defined by its version and inclination. However, there is adiscrepancy between radiographically measured and true (anatomic) cup position, which may lead to misinterpretation. To visualize the discrepancy between true and radiographically measured cup position, in this video, acup holder was used to set the angular cup version and inclination. Hereby, the cup position (anteversion and inclination) can be characterized in its radiographic and anatomic definition in greater detail. The viewer of this video should receive an impression as to when radiographically measured cup angles must be considered with caution. In asimultaneous X‑ray and image sequence, this video shows decreased radiographic inclination measurement with increasing anterior rotation of the cup exceeding 20° of anteversion, yet with unchanged true inclination on the cup holder. Isolated consideration of the radiographic angles of anteversion and inclination may cause misinterpretation of true cup position. In pectoral illustration we show that variations in cup version and inclination may remain undetected when considering isolated the radiographic cup parameters. True cup position in its anatomical definition can be calculated from the radiographically measured position. For this purpose, both cup parameters (radiographic anteversion and radiographic inclination) have to be taken into account.

Carrying the Nest: (Re)writing History Through Embodied Research

This video article describes the embodied research conducted whilst creating the video performance Carrying her; where various meditation techniques serve to confront the taboo history of the Armenian Genocide that reached its climax in 1915–16 in my homeland, Turkey. I instrumentalize my experience living in a two-century old stone house in the city of Mardin, in the Syrian frontier of Turkey, to reconsider the historical wound felt in the collective utterances of the region. Chants, lamentations, lullabies, testimonies, myths and tales guide me through the history embodied in Southeast Turkey and urge my journey to France where I re-discover the wound through sonorities of the Armenian Diaspora. My pregnancy opens a space to reflect upon women’s experience of the genocide, translating the corporal phenomenon of being pregnant to the reality of the exiled through the notion of carrying. The sonic universe reclaimed in the diaspora revives my memory of the land in its lullabies. To reclaim the diversity lost from my homeland, I create a soundscape that employs diverse sonorities of Southeast Anatolia. Complemented by the soundscape, the video performance composes my ağıt, my lament for the people exiled and massacred.

Sounding Obsession: A discussion on sounds from a garage film

This article is a discussion piece that reflects on the authors’ video article ‘Obsession: Redux – Sounds from a Garage-Film’ (Cumming and Potter 2019) and the digitized soundtrack of co-author John Cumming’s film Obsession (1985). The authors explore the processes of, and concepts behind, creating the original multi-layered analogue soundtrack for Obsession, an artefact of creative practice from a specific moment on film culture and of filmmaking within Melbourne ‘post-punk’ culture of the early 1980s. As a personal and self-reflexive work, the Obsession soundtrack is replete with memory, both personal and popular, local and global. It is a collection of oral objects – an audio archive of live recordings and media samples made in Melbourne, Australia, between 1978 and 1985. The discussion piece revisits the Obsession soundtrack, alongside the redux of this film, in the context of contemporary literature and practice in sonic thinking. The representation of the self and relationships in sound is underpinned by Michel Chion’s (1994) understanding of palimpsest and Raul Ruiz’s (1995) ideas on poetic objects and shamanic films. The purpose of this investigation is to link sonic memories and subjective self-representation to specific practices of soundtrack composition and specific sites and moments of cultural history. The synthesis of concepts, methods and works that we examine here contributes to an emerging discourse around embodied and reflexive sound.

Repair of Tibial Plateau Fracture (Schatzker II).

Tibial plateau fracture is an injury commonly seen by those who treat trauma around the knee and/or sports-related injuries. In this video article, we present our protocol for surgical treatment of a tibial plateau fracture, which includes definitive fixation with use of a plate-and-screw construct, addressing of all associated soft-tissue injuries at the time of the surgical procedure, filling of any residual voids with bone cement, and early rehabilitation with weight-bearing beginning at 10 to 12 weeks postoperatively. The major steps of the procedure are (1) preoperative planning with digitally templated plates and screws, (2) patient positioning and setup, (3) anterolateral approach toward the proximal aspect of the tibia, (4) submeniscal arthrotomy, (5) booking open of the proximal aspect of the tibia at the fracture site, (6) tagging of the meniscus, (7) fracture reduction and placement of the Kirschner wire, (8) confirmation of reduction with C-arm image intensification, (9) internal fixation with a plate-and-screw construct, and (10) closure.

Medial Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty with a Fixed Bearing Implant.

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is an alternative to total knee arthroplasty in isolated medial arthritis. UKA restores native tibial and femoral joint surfaces and corrects pre-disease limb alignment, by which natural knee biomechanics are restored, ensuring effective functional recovery. Proper patient selection and accurate surgical technique contribute to good functional outcome and long-term survival. The key steps of the procedure (as well as multiple tips and tricks) are demonstrated in the video article: (1) preoperative assessment and planning; (2) patient positioning and setup; (3) exposure; (4) instrument options and surgical technique; (5) distal femoral resection; (6) proximal tibial resection; (7) assessment of alignment and gaps; (8) finishing the femur—sizing, position, and posterior resection; (9) finishing the tibia—sizing and position; (10) trialing the implant; (11) implanting final components—cementing technique; (12) closure; and (13) rehabilitation. Following these surgical steps and principles will lead to excellent functional long-term results with a low revision rate and a minimum of complications.

VIDEO: Preoperative CT Angiography for Scapula Osteocutaneous Free Flap Reconstructions.

OBJECTIVE. The objective of this video article is to discuss the use of the scapular osteocutaneous free flap in reconstructive procedures. We attempt to discuss normal and variant vascular anatomy, image acquisition via CT angiography, and image interpretation as well as computer-assisted design and manufacturing. CONCLUSION. The scapular osteocutaneous free flap is commonly used for maxillary and mandibular reconstructive surgery. The complex vasculature supplying the scapular region allows flap versatility. There are anatomic variations in the origin of the circumflex scapular and angular arteries. Our method of performing and reporting CT angiography for patients scheduled to undergo scapular osteocutaneous free flap procedures provides a reliable and reproducible means of communicating important elements of vasculature to surgeons. This in turn can facilitate the manufacturing of custom scapular cutting guides and improve surgical outcomes.

Step-by-step colpotomy in total laparoscopic hysterectomy: a technique to avoid apical support damage to the upper vagina

The purpose of this video article is to demonstrate our colpotomy technique that enables maximal protection of the cervical ring, helps to prevent the ureteral injury by distancing, and avoids shortening of the vagina at total laparoscopic hysterectomy. Step-by-step explanation of the colpotomy technique is presented using educational video setting in university-affiliated private hospital. After the uterine artery transection, a VECTEC surgical uterine manipulator (VECTEC, Hauterive, France) was inserted into the vagina in place of the sharp curette. The plastic rotating blade of uterine manipulator was strongly pushed forward into the anterior vaginal fornix. Colpotomy incision was started from the uppermost middle point of an anterior vagina, and extended to both sides with a monopolar L-hook electrocautery at 40 watts cutting mode. Then the manipulator’s blade was maneuvered into the right lateral fornix, and THUNDERBEAT platform (Olympus Medical Systems Corp, Tokyo, Japan) was chosen as the modality of energy for the transection of the rest of the vagina. At the posterior part of colpotomy, the vaginal wall was cut from the uppermost part of uterosacral ligaments, as well. Finally, the left lateral fornix was cut by the same principles, and colpotomy was completed circumferentially. In conclusion, maximal preservation of paracervical ligaments with this technique preserve the apical support of vagina, and avoids shortening of vaginal length. The technique also minimizes the ureteral injury by distancing.

Subtypes of T-shaped uterus

To present three different subtypes of T-shaped uterus with the use of three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound imaging and hysteroscopy. Video article. Fertility center. Three cases showing the different subtypes of T-shaped uterus. 3D ultrasound imaging and hysteroscopy. Distance between the interostial line and external uterine profile at the midcoronal plane of the uterus obtained with the use of transvaginal 3D ultrasound; delineation of the external uterine contour and the length of any existing internal indentation (defined as the distance between the interostial line and the indentation's edge at the cavity). It is possible to identify three different subtypes of T-shaped uterus: the most common type of T-shaped uterus, with thick lateral walls and normal fundus (without septum or subseptum appereance) and interostial distance; the Y-shaped uterus, with thick lateral walls, fundal septum or subseptum, and reduced interostial distance; and the I-shaped uterus, with very thick lateral walls (even above the isthmus) and severe reduction of the interostial distance (tubular appearance of the whole uterus). We solicit to investigate the occurrence of different T-shaped uterus subtypes in large cohorts, to evaluate whether they may have different reproductive outcomes and whether they may need different approaches for surgical correction through hysteroscopic metroplasty.

Laparoscopic Ovarian Dermoid Cystectomy in 10 Steps

Laparoscopiccystectomy for ovarian teratomashas the advantages of a minimally invasive approach [1]. The standardization and description of the technique are the main objectives of this video (Video 1). We described the surgeryin10 steps [2], which could help make this procedure easier and safer. A step-by-step video demonstration of the technique. A French university tertiary care hospital. Patients with ovarian teratomas with indication for laparoscopiccystectomy [3]. The local institutional review board ruled that approval was not required for this video article because the video describes a technique and does not report a clinical case. Standardized laparoscopic cystectomies were recorded to realize the video. This video presents a systematic approach tocystectomy for teratomaclearly divided into10steps: (1) planning of the surgery, (2) ergonomy and materials, (3) exploration and cytology, (4) prevention of peritoneal spillage [4], (5) mobilization of the ovary, (6) incision of the ovary, (7) dissection, (8) hemostasis, (9) exteriorization of the cyst, and (10) washing and exploration. Standardization of laparoscopiccystectomy for ovarian teratomacould make this procedure easier and safer to perform. The10stepspresented help to perform each part of the surgery in a logical sequence, making the procedure ergonomic and easier to adopt and learn. Moreover, the standardization of the surgical techniques could reduce the learning curve.

Tilapia fish skin as a new biologic graft for neovaginoplasty in Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome: a video case report

To describe a McIndoe procedure technique for surgical management of Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome with the use of Nile tilapia skin as a scaffold for the proliferation of new vaginal epithelium. Surgical video article. Local Institutional Review Board approval and written permission from the patient were obtained. There were no conflicts of interest. University hospital. A 17-year-old woman who presented at our gynecology department with the complaint of primary amenorrhea. At physical examination, she had a phenotypically normal vulva with no vaginal canal. Magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen and pelvis revealed normal ovaries and absence of uterus and vaginal canal. No other congenital malformations were found. Karyotype was 46,XX. The McIndoe procedure involved only a vaginal approach. Labia minora were separated, and a transverse midline incision of 3cm was made. The vesicorectal space was progressively dissected. Blunt dissection was performed initially with digital separation of tissues. The neovagina was then inspected with the introduction of a vaginal speculum, allowing for review of hemostasis. Blunt dissection was continued with the aid of the speculum, to reach the appropriate vaginal dimensions. Subsequently, a vaginal acrylic mold covered with two pieces of processed and sterilized tilapia fish skin was inserted and accommodated into the newly created cavity. The external side of the tilapia skin, which maintained its grayish coloration after the removal of the scales, stayed in contact with the acrylic mold, while the white internal side of the tilapia skin, which was previously attached to the fish's muscle, stayed in contact with the walls of the neocavity. The mold was held in position by four multifilament polyglactin 1.0 sutures in the labia majora, thus preventing expulsion. Anatomic data, such as measurement of the final canal length, and histomorphologic analysis, 180days after surgery. The patient remained on bed rest for 9days, after which the tilapia fish skin had been partially reabsorbed. After this time, the acrylic mold was removed. A larger plastic mold was then inserted and the patient was advised to wear it day and night for the first postoperative month. The vaginal mold had to be worn each night until normal sexual intercourse was possible. The final canal length 180days after surgery was between 8 and 9cm. For the histopathologic analysis, fragments of the lateral vaginal wall were removed 180days after surgery and showed the presence of stratified squamous epithelium with five cell layers, ectasic blood vessels, and occasional desquamated epithelial cells. The procedure described offered this patient an anatomic and functional neovagina by means of a simple, safe, easy, effective, quick, and minimally invasive procedure. Limitations include the experimental nature of this study, based on a single case report with no long-term outcome results. The tilapia fish skin is a low-cost and widely available biomaterial.

New Retroperitoneal Transvaginal Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery Approach to Sentinel Node for Endometrial Cancer: A Demonstration Video

To assess whether sentinel node resection for endometrial cancer is feasible via retroperitoneal transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) and gives better exposure than transperitoneal vNOTES. This is a first small IDEAL (Idea Development Exploration Assessment Long-term follow up) stage 1 study to assess the feasibility of a new approach; the technique is explained step-by-step using videos (Video 1) and pictures. The gynecologic oncology department of a nonuniversity teaching hospital in Belgium. Since 2015, 15 patients were operated on via vNOTES for endometrial cancer [1]. Our initial experience showed that a transperitoneal approach via vNOTES [2] provided good access to the cranial pelvic retroperitoneum but not to the caudal pelvic retroperitoneum. Therefore, a new retroperitoneal vNOTES approach via a paracervical incision in the lateral vaginal fornix was developed. Via this incision, the obturator fossa is accessed, and a vNOTES port is placed for endoscopic dissection of the retroperitoneal space. This video article shows this new access route to the pelvic retroperitoneal space. Our initial experience with vNOTES for endometrial cancer showed that transperitoneal access to the retroperitoneal space did not give optimal exposure to the caudal parts of the obturator space. The new retroperitoneal vNOTES approach shown in this video article gives better exposure to the entire retroperitoneal space including the caudal part of the obturator space; the sacral plexus; the external, internal, and common iliac arteries; and even the lower para-aortic region. It has been previously shown that vNOTES hysterectomy offers patient benefits over total laparoscopic hysterectomy [3]. The retroperitoneal vNOTES approach now also offers good transvaginal access to the entire retroperitoneal space for sentinel node resection. This is a new approach that requires further validation before vNOTES hysterectomy with retroperitoneal sentinel node resection can be used outside study settings for the treatment of endometrial cancer.

To Be a Work Means to Set Up a World: Into the Woods with Heidegger

This video article is one outcome of a collaborative project with artist Thomas Wolsing in the summer of 2016. The collaboration was video recorded (FPS, head mounted camera). The footage was thereafter edited into a video article that documents emerging dimensions and themes of this project. My ambition for this collaboration was to experience and discover interlacements between, on the one hand, art theory (epitomized by some sentences of Heidegger’s “The Origin of the Work of Art”) and, on the other hand, artistic and physical-constructional work in building a land art piece. The video article presents dialogues and monologues in situ that circles around the problem of how to bodily and conceptually integrate art theory and concrete artistic practice and the dependence between and incompatibilities of art theory and art making. It shows the experienced integration of physical and discursive actions that, in the moment of performance, is elusive and refutes any ethical assessment. The video is in Danish with English subtitles.