Android Version Research Articles

Quality evaluation of stress, anxiety and depression apps for COVID-19.

BackgroundCOVID-19 has caused increased stress, anxiety and depression with increased barriers to treatment. Mobile apps offer a potential solution, but there is no information on the quality of such apps recommended for COVID-19. This study aims to evaluate the quality of stress, anxiety and depression apps recommended for COVID-19.MethodsA search was conducted to identify relevant apps on the iOS and Android platforms. 44 apps were evaluated using the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS), and the American Psychiatric Association's app evaluation model for data privacy and security.ResultsOverall quality scores of iOS and Android apps were 3.69 ± 0.43 and 3.66 ± 0.47. Thirty percent had good/excellent overall scores. In general, the iOS and Android versions of the apps scored best for functionality (4.21 ± 0.48, 4.12 ± 0.53), followed by aesthetics (3.84 ± 0.50, 3.78 ± 0.56), information (3.39 ± 0.54, 3.40 ± 0.60), and engagement (3.31 ± 0.81, 3.34 ± 0.84). Over half (59%) shared personal information with third parties and 14% were compliant with data protection standards.LimitationsOnly free apps available in Singapore were evaluated. Our results are time sensitive due to addition, removal, and update of apps in the app stores, thus our results should be extrapolated with caution to apps from other countries and paid apps.ConclusionApps that addressed all three conditions had the highest overall quality scores. The top ranked apps (Sanvello, Woebot, Happify, Youper, Bloom) were of good quality, but majority were of acceptable quality and had room for improvement. App developers are encouraged to use our findings to improve and develop better quality apps.

Performance optimization opportunities in the Android software stack

The smartphone hardware and software ecosystems have evolved very rapidly. Multiple innovations in the system software, including OS, languages, and runtimes have been made in the last decade. Although, performance characterization of microarchitecture has been done, there is little analysis available for application performance bottlenecks of the system software stack, especially for contemporary applications on mobile operating systems.In this work, we perform system utilization analysis from a software perspective, thereby supplementing the hardware perspective offered by prior work. We focus our analysis on Android powered smartphones, running newer versions of Android. Using 11 representative apps and regions of interest within them, we carry out performance analysis of the entire Android software stack to identify system performance bottlenecks.We observe that for the majority of apps, the most time-consuming system level thread is a frame rendering thread. However, more surprisingly, our results indicate that all apps spend a significant amount of time doing Inter Process Communication (IPC), hinting that the Android IPC stack is a ripe target for performance optimization via software development and a potential target for hardware acceleration.

PEMBUATAN GAME AUGMENTED REALITY FIRST PERSON SHOOTER "APOCALYPTIC REALITY" DENGAN VUFORIA

"Apocalyptic Reality" is a first-person shooter game that can be played on Android device. Augmented reality features make a three-dimensional display. This game is made using the Unity3D game engine and the Vuforia software development kit to detect the position and rotation of the device in the real world. There are nine stages available in this game. player must collect money to buy items in the Shop and fight zombies that arrives. The game was tested using black box testing, alpha testing, and beta testing with questionnaire to 30 respondents. The test results show that this game has provide a unique way to play First Person Shooter and this game can be played using minimal Android Version 5 or above.

Encrypted Network Traffic Analysis of Secure Instant Messaging Application: A Case Study of Signal Messenger App

Instant messaging applications (apps) have played a vital role in online interaction, especially under COVID-19 lockdown protocols. Apps with security provisions are able to provide confidentiality through end-to-end encryption. Ill-intentioned individuals and groups use these security services to their advantage by using the apps for criminal, illicit, or fraudulent activities. During an investigation, the provision of end-to-end encryption in apps increases the complexity for digital forensics investigators. This study aims to provide a network forensic strategy to identify the potential artifacts from the encrypted network traffic of the prominent social messenger app Signal (on Android version 9). The analysis of the installed app was conducted over fully encrypted network traffic. By adopting the proposed strategy, the forensic investigator can easily detect encrypted traffic activities such as chatting, media messages, audio, and video calls by looking at the payload patterns. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the trace files can help to create a list of chat servers and IP addresses of involved parties in the events. As a result, the proposed strategy significantly facilitates extraction of the app’s behavior from encrypted network traffic which can then be used as supportive evidence for forensic investigation.

Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Matematika Materi Program Linier Melalui Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning Berbantuan Aplikasi Geogera Versi Android

The aimed of the research is to increasing students' understanding of the concept of the Linear Program, with the subject of research being the students of class XI IPA 2 of SMA Negeri 3 Langsa in the 2019/2020 Academic Year. The approach taken in this study is a qualitative approach using classroom action research design. The action is carried out in two cycles, the first cycle is the implementation of linear program learning material with the Guided Discovery Model assisted by Android Version of Geogebra software practiced by teacher, and the second cycle of implementing the Linear Program learning material with the Guided Discovery Model assisted by Android Version of the Geogebra software practiced by student. The data in this study were obtained by observation, questionnaires, and tests to the research object. Data obtained from observations and questionnaires were analyzed by means of qualitative analysis, while data obtained from tests were analyzed by quantitative analysis. The results showed that students' mastery of linear program material> 85% with an average final test result of 83.6.

Development of Mobile Learning as a Student Career Planning Media at Senior High School 1 Talang Ubi

Background of this research is the lack of students' understanding of career planning, there are several career problems faced by students. This study aims to produce a mobile learning-based career planning application at Senior High School 1 Talang Ubi. This development research refers to the steps of research and development (RD) by Borg and Gall. Subjects in the initial field trial 6 students scored 79.46 in the very good category, the main field trial 12 students scored 84.07 in the very good category, and the operational field trial 32 students scored 94.47 in the very good category. good. Subject selection was based on the purposive sampling technique. The results showed that (1) the media produced was in the form of a career planning application using Adobe AIR for Android Version 0.1, (2) the mobile learning produced according to experts was suitable for use as a medium for student career planning at Senior High School 1 Talang Ubi.

Models for Efficient Utilization of Resources for Upgrading Android Mobile Technology

The need of the customers to be connected to the network at all times has led to the evolution of mobile technology. Operating systems play a vitol role when we talk of technology. Nowadays, Android is one of the popularly used operating system in mobile phones. Authors have analysed three stable versions of Android, 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0. Incorporating a change in the version after it is released requires a lot of rework and thus huge amount of costs are incurred. In this paper, the aim is to reduce this rework by identifying certain parts of a version during early phase of development which need careful attention. Machine learning prediction models are developed to identify the parts which are more prone to changes. The accuracy of such models should be high as the developers heavily rely on them. The high dimensionality of the dataset may hamper the accuracy of the models. Thus, the authors explore four dimensionality reduction techniques, which are unexplored in the field of network and communication. The results concluded that the accuracy improves after reducing the features.

Microsoft's Your Phone environment from a digital forensic perspective

Your Phone is a Microsoft dual mobile/desktop application that links a Windows 10 environment to a smartphone. The Android version provides the smartphone's user with the ability to control the mobile device from Windows 10, allowing to place/receive calls, send/receive text messages such as SMS, MMS and RCS, access up to the last 2000 photos/screenshots of the device and to receive notifications from applications, all through the Windows 10 Your Phone application and, if configured to do so, within Windows 10 notification center.This work analyzes the Your Phone environment, that is, Your Phone Companion for Android and Your Phone for Windows 10. The paper studies the digital forensic artifacts that can be found in a post mortem analysis, focusing on the SQLite3 databases used by both the Android and Windows 10 applications. We also compare the examined version with a previous version of Your Phone, showing that Your Phone newest functionalities bring new valuable artifacts for forensic examiners.The study shows that Your Phone data left on a Windows 10 device can be useful to access a copy of messages, photos, and document interactions, especially when the Android device is inaccessible or even physically unavailable. To ease the task for digital forensic examiners, we have updated our open-source YPA software that collects and analyzes Your Phone data from a Windows 10 system. YPA runs as a module within the digital forensic Autopsy software.

User Behavior and Market Developments Towards Data Protection

Contrary to most articles that have been recently written about data protection and dominant technology firms, this paper suggests that no direct government intervention is needed. Market forces are empowering the users who really care about their privacy rights; now users have privacy-oriented alternatives to the apps they were historically dependent upon, and they have been taking advantage of those alternatives. Firms have realized that privacy is a non-price dimension of competition and they can attract users by offering more privacy: the privacy features implemented in the new versions of Apple iOS and Google Android are good examples. Also, privacy-oriented apps have been able to capture users who are not satisfied with the data handling practices of dominant firms, with those dominant firms being a channel for the expansion of their privacy-oriented rivals. Those market developments, which indicate a potential creative destruction, should not be disregarded by legal scholars and policymakers. This article discusses recent trends towards data protection and applicable legal and public policy implications.

Privacy Leakage and Protection of InputConnection Interface in Android

Leakage of user credentials has been a conventional security threat for mobile users. In this work, we discover a new leakage threat caused by a vulnerability of the input method framework (IMF) on Android. The vulnerability lies in an IMF interface, called InputConnection, which is dynamically built to deliver user inputs from an active input method (e.g., software keyboard) to WebView, which is an essential Android component rendering Web pages. It allows the IMF interface of a WebView component to be hijacked by the app or the third-party library that embeds the WebView. Such hijacking can be exploited to steal user inputs on the Web pages loaded by the WebView. It can also eavesdrop on input fields of all the Web pages loaded by WebView without user awareness; the attack is self-contained and does not require any external dependency. It does not interrupt, delay, or change normal operations. More threateningly, this attack is easy to launch and works for most Android versions (from 4.4 to 11.0). We conduct a field study including more than 1500 tests on our developed IWH attack app. The result shows that the app can successfully steal user inputs in all the tests and identify the input strings with 98.0% accuracy. We further devise two solutions, a Web-based virtual keyboard and an IMF hijacking guardian, for mobile Web services and the Android platform, respectively. We finally prototype them on a Web server and on an Android framework, respectively, to confirm their effectiveness.

Development of an IoT-based water and power monitoring system for residential building

This study provides information between tenants and landlords on the use of the Internet of Things for power and water monitoring systems. It is one way to make reading meters and water meters easier to access using the available internet connection. The developed application using the android studio software is installed on a smartphone/tablet and verified to fully working on android versions from 4.1 (jellybean) to android 9.0 (pie). Tests were carried out in a household where the prototype was installed in a residential apartment. The data collected was monitored in the application and viewed by tenants and landlords. The results from the mean comparison of the power and volume readings measured by the wattmeter and water meter claim that the readings from the conventional meters and designed prototype have no significant difference using the Mann-Whitney U test. Evaluations were conducted showing that the device and the developed application using IoT is reliable, accurate, functional and user-friendly to use by tenants and landlords.

Smartphone-based GNSS Method for Covid-19 Information on Android (Case Study: Surabaya City)

Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is the respiration diasease that can be transmitted from individual to another. There have been 3906 ODP (individual on monitoring) cases, 3303 PDP (patient under surveillance) cases, 2918 confirmed cases, 766 recovered patients, and 282 deaths in Surabaya, as recorded on June 6th, 2020. GIS (Geographical information system) is a science based on computer software, to provide digital form information and the earth’s geographic surface analysis. GNSS (global navigation satellite system) is the positioning system method using satellite, which can be used by a lot of people at the same time and designed to obtain three-dimension position. The combination of Smartphone’s GNSS positioning and the spatial data of Covid-19 distribution in Surabaya is expected to be able to give useful information about health condition toward citizen, especially about Covid-19 pandemic via application based. The outcome is a color-level based distribution of Covid-19 cases which can be accessed android smartphone. Sub district with the highest rate of Covid-19 cases does not necessarily have proper health protocol facilities, and so does other sub districts with high rates of Covid-19 cases. In fact, none of Covid-19 referral hospital located in the sub district with high rate of Covid-19 cases. Based on the results of the questionnaire, the applications namely “Cegah Covid-19 Surabaya” has received good responses. This application is currently able to run on Android smartphones with the versions of Android 10, Pie, Oreo, Nougat, Marshmallow, and Lollipop.

Hybroid: A Novel Hybrid Android Malware Detection Framework

Android, the most widely-used mobile operating system, attracts the attention of malware developers as well as benign users. Despite the serious proactive actions taken by Android, the Android malware is still widespread as a result of the increasing sophistication and the diversity of malware. Android malware detection systems are generally classified into two: (1) Static analysis, and (2) dynamic analysis. In this study, a novel Android malware detection framework, namely, Hybroid, was proposed which combines both the static and dynamic analysis techniques to benefit from the advantages of both of these techniques. An up-to-date version of Android, namely, Android Oreo, was specifically employed in order to handle the problem from an up-to-date perspective as the recent versions of Android provide new security mechanisms, which are discussed with this study. Hybroid was evaluated on a large dataset that consists of 10,658 applications, and the accuracy of Hybroid was calculated as high as 99.5% when it was utilized with the J48 classification algorithm which outperforms the state-of-the-art studies. The key findings in consequence of the experimental result are discussed in order to shed light on Android malware detection.

Application for Introduction of Augmented Reality-Based Transportation Tools for Children

The introduction of a means of transportation to children can stimulate the brain to imagine and train creativity. With the development of information technology, means of introducing means of transportation can be done using devices such as computers, laptops or smartphones. The development of Augmented Reality technology on smartphones will make it easier for children to get to know several types of transportation that they often encounter. The purpose of writing this article is to create an application for Introduction to Transportation Tools using Augmented Reality technology for children.
 The method used in making this application of Introduction to Transportation Tools is observation and interviews. The production begins with collecting data on what types of transportation will be made as a model using the Blender software. Augmented Reality application design uses Unity software by designing markers made from the Vuforia platform. The features in this application are several types of transportation that are displayed in 3D with sound and information using Augmented Reality technology.
 The results of testing the Transportation Tool Introduction application can run on various Android mobile devices. It has been tested on several different smartphone brands and specifications - the results of the Transportation Tool Introduction can run smoothly except under Android version 4.3 (Jellybean). Based on the test results contained in the Application of Introduction to Transportation Tools using Augmented Reality, it is suitable for introducing more interesting and innovative types of transportation to early childhood. There are still many deficiencies that can be developed, for example, increasing the number of 3D objects in the transportation tool and making animations even better, so that the application is more interesting, interactive, and easy to understand.

GreenHub: a large-scale collaborative dataset to battery consumption analysis of android devices

The development of solutions to improve battery life in Android smartphones and the energy efficiency of apps running on them is hindered by diversity. There are more than 24k Android smartphone models in the world. Moreover, there are multiple active operating system versions, and a myriad application usage profiles. In such a high-diversity scenario, profiling for energy has only limited applicability. One would need to obtain information about energy use in real usage scenarios to make informed, effective decisions about energy optimization. The goal of our work is to understand how Android usage, apps, operating systems, hardware, and user habits influence battery lifespan. We leverage crowdsourcing to collect information about energy in real-world usage scenarios. This data is collected by a mobile app, which we developed and made available to the public through Google Play store, and periodically uploaded to a centralized server and made publicly available to researchers, app developers, and smartphone manufacturers through multiple channels (SQL, REST API, zipped CSV/Parquet dump). This paper presents the results of a wide analysis of the tendency several smart-phone characteristics have on the battery charge/discharge rate, such as the different models, brands, networks, settings, applications, and even countries. Our analysis was performed over the crowdsourced data, and we have presented findings such as which applications tend to be around when battery consumption is the highest, do users from different countries have the same battery usage, and even showcase methods to help developers find and improve energy inefficient processes. The dataset we considered is sizable; it comprises 23+ million (anonymous) data samples stemming from a large number of installations of the mobile app. Moreover, it includes 700+ million data points pertaining to processes running on these devices. In addition, the dataset is diverse. It covers 1.6k+ device brands, 11.8k+ smartphone models, and more than 50 Android versions. We have been using this dataset to perform multiple analyses. For example, we studied what are the most common apps running on these smartphones and related the presence of those apps in memory with the battery discharge rate of these devices. We have also used this dataset in teaching, having had students practicing data analysis and machine learning techniques for relating energy consumption/charging rates with many other hardware and software qualities, attributes and user behaviors. The dataset we considered can support studies with a wide range of research goals, be those energy efficiency or not. It opens the opportunity to inform and reshape user habits, and even influence the development of both hardware (manufacturers) and software (developers) for mobile devices. Our analysis also shows results which go outside of the common perception of what impacts battery consumption in real-world usage, while exposing new varied, complex, and promising research avenues.

ANDROID-BASED QURAN APPLICATION ON THE FLUTTER FRAMEWORK BY USING THE FOUNTAIN MODEL

With the development of technology, smartphones have become one of the communication tools and can be used as a tool entertainer. But smartphones have an impact on the declining interest in reading the Quran. It would be a good smartphone that can be used to remember the creator is to create a Quran application on android so that users do not need to carry the mushaf Quran while on the go. The purpose of the construction of the application is to always remember to the god that is by the way can read Quran whenever and wherever are. The Model used to build the application Model is the Fountain where at the time of building the application can be done in overlap by the needs. Quran application built using. net framework flutter with the programming language dart. To install the application at least the Android version used is version 5.0 Lollipop. Testing the application of the Quran using black-box testing. Give the questionnaire to potential users of the application to assess the feasibility of the application of the Quran. From the results of the questionnaire can be concluded that the application of the Quran is very user-friendly and the audio playing over and over can help the user to memorize the Quran.

The Design of Smart Car Based on Android Client

This design is based on the open source Android version 8.0 system to develop the mobile phone platform client, using the eclipse integrated development environment to research and develop Bluetooth control. The remote control of the car is realized by Bluetooth technology, gravity sensor and voice. The design is mainly composed of hardware system and software system. It can realize the car’s forward, backward, rear left turn, rear right turn, front left turn, front right turn and other functions. This design scheme provides a new solution for the design and implementation of wireless remote control vehicle, and also plays a certain reference role for the design of remote control smart home system in the future.

Early Detection of Dengue Fever Outbreaks Using a Surveillance App (Mozzify): Cross-sectional Mixed Methods Usability Study.

BackgroundWhile early detection and effective control of epidemics depend on appropriate surveillance methods, the Philippines bases its dengue fever surveillance system on a passive surveillance method (notifications from barangay/village health centers, municipal or city health offices, hospitals, and clinics). There is no available mHealth (mobile health) app for dengue fever that includes all the appropriate surveillance methods in early detection of disease outbreaks in the country.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the usability of the Mozzify app in terms of objective quality (engagement, functionality, aesthetics, information) and app subjective and app-specific qualities and compare total app mean score ratings by sociodemographic profile and self and family dengue fever history to see what factors are associated with high app mean score rating among school-based young adult samples and health care professionals. Individual interviews and focus group discussions were also conducted among participants to develop themes from their comments and suggestions to help structure further improvement and future development of the app.MethodsUser experience sessions were conducted among participants, and the Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS) professional and user versions (uMARS) were administered followed by individual interviews and focus group discussions. Descriptive statistical analysis of the MARS and uMARS score ratings was performed. The total app mean score ratings by sociodemographic and dengue fever history using nonparametric mean difference analyses were also conducted. Thematic synthesis was used to develop themes from the comments and suggestions raised in individual interviews and focus group discussions.ResultsMozzify obtained an overall >4 (out of 5) mean score ratings in the MARS and uMARS app objective quality (4.45), subjective (4.17), and specific (4.55) scales among 948 participants (79 health care professionals and 869 school-based samples). Mean difference analyses revealed that total app mean score ratings were not significantly different across ages and gender among health care professionals and across age, income categories, and self and family dengue fever history but not gender (P<.001) among the school-based samples. Thematic syntheses revealed 7 major themes: multilanguage options and including other diseases; Android version availability; improvements on the app’s content, design, and engagement; inclusion of users from low-income and rural areas; Wi-Fi connection and app size concerns; data credibility and issues regarding user security and privacy.ConclusionsWith its acceptable performance as perceived by health care professionals and school-based young adults, Mozzify has the potential to be used as a strategic health intervention system for early detection of disease outbreaks in the Philippines. It can be used by health care professionals of any age and gender and by school-based samples of any age, socioeconomic status, and dengue fever history. The study also highlights the feasibility of school-based young adults to use health-related apps for disease prevention.

Ku-Band Low Noise Block Converter (LNB) Sync Application Design Using Android Based Solid Dish

Mobile phone users, especially the Android version of the smartphone, are increasingly spoiling their users. It is undeniable that users do not know their age, even many children have an Android version of the smartphone to play with. Meanwhile, in the satellite tracking world, the satellite tracking is still using TV when tracking the satellite so that it feels difficult. ApplicationLow Noise Block Converter is a video view application from a receiver to an Android smartphone that was built to make it easier for tracking satellites to track one of the satellites that you want to lock. This application also includes satellite tracking information facilities such as tracking guides, frequency updates, and satellite location. ApplicationLow Noise Block Converterbuilt with the Android Studio application using the Java programming language. With the creation of the applicationLow Noise Block Converter seas a new alternative to replace TV as a satellite tracking device or monitoring tool.

Constructive Methodologies to Overcome the Technological Barriers in Online Teaching-Learning Process

Over the past few years, technology-driven learning has gained a lot of momentum in every spectrum of education, more so in the field of engineering education. Most of the engineering educators often get inclined towards technology to deliver their courses effectively. While teachers have started leveraging Learning Management Systems (LMS) effectively, some of the technological innovations still need a little refinement. This study intends to explore the limitations of Canvas which is one of the popular LMSs being used today. Although Canvas is an excellent tool to manage the course content effectively and has proved to be very user friendly, it still has some nagging issues which have been analyzed through this study. The ways to overcome these limitations have also been put forth to ensure that the potential adopters of Canvas may have a seamless experience. The participants of the study were 56 second year Post Graduate students who were undergoing the course titled Professional Communication and Report Writing. A handful of students ran into unknown issues while taking up the Multiple- Choice Questions (MCQ) based quiz designed in the second module of the course. The issue was then traced, and corrective measures were incorporated to ensure that all students can take up the quiz. The analysis proved that MCQ quizzes developed on Canvas were not compatible with older versions of Android. Hence, students using such phones were unable to take up quiz-based assessments. To overcome this issue, the quizzes were dished out using tools like Google Forms, Kahoot, Quizizz, etc., and the links were posted on Canvas for the students to take up the quiz. While this approach worked relatively well, it was observed that each of these tools had their own set of limitations. In a nutshell, there is no technology that is perfect in all situations. In such circumstances, it is imperative that the course instructor takes centre stage and selects the technology that best suits a situation.