Shared and distinct neural signatures in major depressive disorder and comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder: Insights from structural and functional imaging.

This study introduces the 3E framework of volunteering, including time exposure (e.g., volunteering hours), role engagement, and task essence (e.g., types of activities) and investigates how these dimensions and their interactions impact healthy aging outcomes in older adults. A mixed-methods cross-sectional study using purposive sampling was conducted in social care units with 457 participants aged 60 and older who volunteered at least one hour in the past year in Hong Kong (2024-2025), in addition to seven focus groups involving 46 older adults. Role engagement in volunteering was assessed using the adapted Chinese version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. Role engagement (β = 0.92, p < .001), emotional support tasks (β = 1.35, p = .022), and creative activities (β = 1.09, p = .018) were positively associated with subjective well-being (SWB). Creative activities were linked to better self-rated health, while time exposure was associated with improved cognition. Role engagement amplified the health benefits of both time exposure and task nature. A three-way interaction among role engagement, time exposure, and creative tasks was significantly associated with better SWB (β = 0.66, p = .026) and lower depressive symptoms (β = -0.39, p = .027). Qualitative findings revealed that role engagement in late-life volunteering unfolds through four themes: role internalization, mental resilience, cognitive investment, and meaning-making. This study validates the 3E framework, demonstrating that role engagement optimizes the health benefits of late-life volunteering hours and volunteering types. Policymakers should transition from focusing solely on volunteering quantity to adopting a holistic approach that optimizes healthy-aging benefits of late-life volunteering.

ABSTRACT.Dementia cases are rising globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like those in Latin America.Objective:The aim of the study was to enhance diagnostic accuracy in diverse populations; modifications to brief cognitive tools may be necessary.Methods:This cross-sectional study involved 197 participants who underwent neurocognitive assessments with both the Peruvian version of the Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS-PE) and a modified version of RUDAS-PE (mRUDAS-PE). Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests and receiver-operator curves, were used to compare the diagnostic performance of the original and modified RUDAS.Results:The mRUDAS-PE showed improved performance in the visuospatial construction domain, with more participants achieving top scores, especially among controls and Alzheimer’s disease patients. The judgment domain also yielded higher scores for controls. Only the judgment domain modifications do not change the diagnostic accuracy.Conclusion:Judgment modifications could be considered to improve the diagnostic performance of RUDAS-PE. Further testing in populations with different educational levels from rural areas is needed to assess their broader impact.

To evaluate the association between hemodynamic depression (HD) during CAS and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). We systematically searched four major databases for studies reporting the HD and MACE during CAS. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using a modified version of Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The heterogeneity between the studies was evaluated based on the I2 statistic and Dixon's Q-test. We assessed heterogeneity using the I2 statistic. A fixed-effect model was used if I2 < 50%; otherwise, a random-effects model was applied. Results were reported as ORs with 95% CIs. Funnel plots and Egger's test were used to evaluate the publication bias. Fourteen studies comprising 4418 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Evidence of low certainty indicated that the occurrence of HD was significantly associated with an increased risk of stroke (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.4-3.22, I2 = 0), transient ischemic attack (TIA) (OR 2.72, 95% CI 1.51-4.88, I2 = 41.2), and all-cause mortality (OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.22-6.44, I2 = 0). However, very low-certainty evidence suggested no significant association between HD and myocardial infarction (MI) (OR 1.49, 95% CI 0.61-3.61, I2 = 0). HD during CAS is significantly associated with a risk of TIA, stroke, and all-cause mortality, but not with the risk of MI.

ABSTRACT. Dementia prevalence is increasing globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries like Peru. Evidence has shown that a trained caregiver improves the patient’s quality of life, reduces behavioral symptoms, and decreases the likelihood of the caregiver developing burnout. Objective:The aim of the study was to measure the level of knowledge of caregivers attending monthly training compared to untrained caregivers in Lima, Peru.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 102 informal caregivers of dementia patients, split evenly into trained (n=51) and untrained (n=51) groups. The training program ("Lonchecito para cuidadores") consists of 10 virtual meetings per year, where the main topics are: types of dementia, management of behavioral symptoms, application of non-pharmacological measures, and caregiver well-being. Dementia knowledge was assessed using the Spanish version of the Dementia Knowledge Assessment Scale (DKAS-S). Data were analyzed using Student’s t-test to compare group scores, with a significance threshold of p<0.05. Results: The trained caregivers scored higher [mean=18, standard deviation (SD)=2.72] than the untrained group (mean=16, SD=2.6) (p=0.001). Higher education was moderately correlated with better DKAS-S scores. Notably, questions on early dementia symptoms, advanced care, and management of behavioral symptoms had the highest error rates, with up to 70% incorrect responses on some items. Conclusion:Caregivers with dementia training performed better than the general population, underscoring the need for improved community access to quality dementia information.

Differences in children's sensory reactivity (SR) may contribute to increased parental stress levels. To examine the association between SR differences and parental stress among parents of children ages 3 to 7 yr. Cross-sectional. Population-based study. A total of 466 parents and their typically developing school-age children from 21 randomly selected schools in Alicante, Spain. Parental stress was assessed using the short version of the Parental Stress Scale, a 12-item Likert-scale questionnaire (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree) on which higher scores indicate higher stress levels. SR was measured using the Short Sensory Profile, classifying children as showing or not showing SR differences using established cutoffs. Multiple linear regression models adjusted for potential confounders were used to explore the associations. Global SR differences were associated with increased parental stress in both fathers (β = 2.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.40, 4.03]) and mothers (β = 2.74, 95% CI [1.47, 4.00]). Associations were also observed for mothers and fathers, respectively, in several sensory domains: Tactile Sensitivity (β = 2.20, 95% CI [0.43, 3.97]; β = 1.84, 95% CI [0.02, 3.66]), Underresponsive/Seeks Sensation (β = 1.84, 95% CI [0.71, 2.97]; β = 1. 74, 95% CI [0.58; 2.90]), Auditory Filtering (β = 2.61, 95% CI [1.49, 3.72]; β = 2.18, 95% CI [1.02, 3.34]), Low Energy/Weak (β = 2.09, 95% CI [0.40, 3.78]; β = 1.94, 95% CI [0.19, 3.68]), and Visual/Auditory sensitivity (β = 1.61, 95% CI [0.33, 2.90]; β = 2.59, 95% CI [1.27, 3.90]). SR differences among children are associated with increased stress levels for both parents, underscoring the need for family-centered support. Plain-Language Summary: Children respond to sensory experiences-such as touch, sound, or movement-differently. Some children may be more sensitive to certain stimuli, less responsive, or seek out intense sensations. This study explored whether differences in how children react to sensory input are linked to higher stress levels in their parents. Researchers surveyed 466 parents of children ages 3 to 7 yr and found that both mothers and fathers reported more stress when their children showed noticeable differences in sensory reactivity. Specific sensory challenges-such as tactile sensitivity, reduced responsiveness, and difficulty processing sounds-were particularly associated with increased parental stress. These findings highlight the importance of family-centered support to help parents manage sensory-related challenges. Occupational therapy practitioners can play a key role in providing guidance and strategies to reduce parental stress and improve family well-being.

Relationships among demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, and psychological symptoms among Indonesian children with cancer: A cross-sectional study.

Retraction notice to "Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Chinese version of the Malnutrition Awareness Scale among community-dwelling older adults" [Geriatric Nursing 63 (2025) 550-558

Development of the Japanese version of the Spitefulness Scale

The objective of this study was to confirm the factor structure for two versions of the Statistics Anxiety Scale (SAS) created for American undergraduate statistics students. To address the inconsistent factor structure of SAS across different populations, Lorenzo-Seva et al. (2022) revised the SAS. This version reduced the number of questions and added a 4th factor called social desirability. They reported a good fit without the need for introducing correlations between error terms, which were outcomes found in different versions of the SAS including this study. This revised SAS considers a 4th dimension called social desirability, suggesting that this dimension could account for much of the error variance found in previous studies. That dimension was not included in this study. A modified three factor model explained construct validity in the original version of the SAS. A modified five factor model explained construct validity in a version of the SAS with additional items. Both versions of the SAS and their factors displayed acceptable levels of fit, were found to have reliability coefficients above .70, and generally shared moderate negative relationships with Wise’s Attitude Toward Statistics scale.

Although menopause is a normal process, it causes a number of symptoms that affect women's health and quality of life (QoL). Furthermore, mental health problems, including depression and anxiety, in peri- and postmenopausal women are a major public health concern. The aim of this research study was to investigate menopausal symptoms and their association with mental health and quality of life. A cross-sectional study involving 78 women aged 36-58years who were in the perimenopause or menopause was conducted. The instruments used were the Greek versions of the Menopausal Rating Scale (MRS), the Depression, Stress and Anxiety Assessment Scale (DASS-21), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale (WHOQoL-BREF). According to the results, menopausal symptoms were found to be of low overall severity, a small proportion (7.8%) have mild depressive symptoms and mild anxiety symptoms (9.1%), and all scales of women's quality of life show high mean values, indicating a good to fairly good quality of life. The most important findings of the study are the statistically significant negative correlations between almost all dimensions of the DASS-21 scale and the WHOQoL-BREF dimensions, and between almost all dimensions of the MRS scale and the dimensions of the WHOQOL-BREF scale. In our study, menopause was not associated with poor quality of life at a general level; however, it was confirmed to have a statistically significant negative effect on quality of life, depending on the severity of symptoms and the coexistence of other complications such as depression.

Falls are common in individuals with lower extremity amputations, often leading to physical injuries and fear of falling. This fear can reduce daily activity, social participation, and quality of life. Therefore, balance assessment should consider not only physical performance but also psychological factors, motivation, and confidence, which influence balance and prosthesis use. The Activity-Specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale is a 16-item self-efficacy measure designed to assess fear of falling. To evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish translation of the ABC scale in a lower limb amputee population. The ABC scale was administered to 80 individuals with limb loss twice, with a one week interval between tests. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was performed to asses construct validity The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated to analyze internal consistency. Spearman’s correlation coefficient were calculated to determine test–retest reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that the Turkish version of the ABC Scale has a single-factor structure. The Spearman’s correlation coefficient (ICC) for the Turkish version was 0.93, indicating high test–retest reliability. Cronbach’s α was 0.937, split-half reliability was 0.943, and McDonald’s ω was 0.90. These findings indicate excellent internal consistency of the scale. The Turkish version of the ABC scale is a valid and reliable tool for assessing balance confidence in lower limb amputees using prostheses.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the anti-mattering scale (AMS) among a sample of adolescents from Lebanon. A total of 793 Lebanese adolescents (mean age: 16.08 years; 62.4% females) was conveniently selected to participate in this cross-sectional study. Confirmatory factor analysis results supported the one-factor model of the AMS, which demonstrated good model fit, internal reliability (ω = .87), and convergent validity. Measurement invariance across genders indicated that males and females interpreted the items similarly. Higher AMS scores were significantly and positively correlated to greater psychological distress and lower well-being. The availability of the Arabic AMS provides a psychometrically supported instrument for assessing anti‑mattering among Arabic‑speaking adolescents, facilitating monitoring, research, and planning of school‑ and community‑based interventions in Arab contexts.

BackgroundApathy is a common neuropsychiatric complication of neurological diseases, but it has not been investigated in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) until now.MethodsWe enrolled 66 patients diagnosed with NMOSD and assessed apathy using the self-reported version of the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES-S). All the patients also completed the investigations composed of demographic data, disease characteristics, and composite evaluations of life status, including anxiety/depression, fatigue, sleep, and quality of life. Further statistical analysis proceeded.ResultsThe mean AES-S score was 36.7 ± 8.3, with 40.9% of patients exhibiting clinically significant apathy (cutoff score: 36). Correlation analysis revealed that higher AES-S scores were significantly correlated with lower education attainment (p = 0.002), more number of attacks (p = 0.008), longer disease duration (p = 0.004), higher disability (p = 0.03), severer anxiety (p < 0.001), severer depression (p < 0.001), severer fatigue (p < 0.001), and severer sleep disturbances (p = 0.001). Depression was revealed to be a significant independent factor of apathy (P < 0.001). The subscales of AES-S and its correlated factors were also analyzed. Further analysis showed that the AES-S score was negatively correlated with the total score of the quality of life scale and all the sub-dimensions' scores (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThese results suggest that apathy is a common neuropsychiatric complication in patients with NMOSD and is closely related to their quality of life. The apathy of NMOSD correlated with various physiological and psychological changes, especially depression. These findings might help us identify patients with a high risk of apathy, highlighting the importance of evaluating and managing apathy is of great significance for improving the quality of life in NMOSD patients.

ABSTRACT Despite increasing global awareness and tolerance toward the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community, homophobia remains a pervasive issue, including within the Chinese context. This study aimed to validate the Chinese version of the Homophobia Scale (HS) to provide a psychometrically sound instrument for assessing homophobic attitudes among university students in China. A total of 609 students participated in the study. Confirmatory factor analyses supported a three-factor structure across the 25-item scale. Internal consistency was excellent (Cronbach’s α = 0.933). Second-order CFA confirmed strong inter-factor correlations and a satisfactory model fit. These findings support the reliability and construct validity of the Chinese HS, highlighting its potential for research and intervention. Future studies are encouraged to explore the scale’s applicability across broader regions and demographic groups within China.

ABSTRACT Eco-anxiety, a form of anxiety related to environmental concerns, is an emerging mental health issue, especially in younger people. We explored the prevalence of eco-anxiety among young Indonesians and identify the contributing factors using an online questionnaire, consisting of socio-demographic factors and the Indonesian version of Hogg Eco-Anxiety Scale (HEAS-13), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Brief-COPE (Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced). We recruited 1,108 participants aged 10–24 years in Indonesia. Positive correlation was found between eco-anxiety and baseline anxiety (r = 0.697). Avoidant and emotion-focused coping methods showed a significant but weak (r = 0.398) and very weak correlation (r = 0.078) with eco-anxiety levels, respectively. Female gender, adolescent group age, current activity (school), mental illness history, residence, and lower family income were associated with higher eco-anxiety level. This highlights the need for targeted interventions and further research to reduce eco-anxiety and improve mental well-being in response to environmental challenges.

In this study, the aim was to develop a scale to reveal perceptions regarding violence against women. First, a literature review was conducted and an item pool consisting of 30 items was generated. To ensure content validity, the suggestions of 10 experts in educational sciences were obtained. In line with the experts’ suggestions, two items were removed from the draft form, and the final version of the 5-point Likert-type scale was created. This scale form was administered online to university students studying at Necmettin Erbakan University, Ahmet Keleşoğlu Faculty of Education in Konya. A survey design was employed in the study. A total of 240 students were included for the exploratory factor analysis, and 236 students were included for the confirmatory factor analysis. According to the factor analysis results, the scale’s KMO value and Bartlett’s test indicated that the sample size was at an adequate level. It was determined through factor analysis that six items had insufficient factor loadings, and that the 24-item scale formed a single-factor structure. The total explained variance of the developed scale is 46.01%, and the factor loadings range between .60 and .82. In the second phase of the study, this factor structure was tested through confirmatory factor analysis. According to the Confirmatory Factor Analysis, the structure revealed in the EFA (χ²/df = 3.07) was confirmed. The reliability data of the scale were examined separately during both the EFA and CFA processes, and were found to be adequate. For the EFA study group, the Cronbach’s Alpha value was .93 and the McDonald’s Omega (ω) value was .96. The item–total correlations ranged from .50 to .75. For the CFA group, the Cronbach’s Alpha value was .93 and the McDonald’s Omega (ω) value was .94. The item–total correlations ranged between .49 and .77. As a result of the study, it can be stated that the 24-item, single-factor scale has adequate validity and reliability. The scale was found to have a factor structure suitable for measuring students’ perceptions of violence against women, and in this form, it is considered that the scale can contribute to researchers and the existing literature.

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Healthy Work Environment Assessment Tool (K-HWEAT), originally developed by the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses. Methods: The study was conducted among nurses working at three university hospitals located in metropolitan areas between May 29 and October 10, 2019. A total of 543 nurses participated. Data were analyzed using AMOS version 26.0 to assess the construct validity of the K-HWEAT. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis initially failed to meet acceptable model fit indices. Model fit improved after reassigning item 1 from factor 1 to factor 2 and item 12 from factor 4 to factor 6, as well as allowing correlated error terms based on high modification indices. Following these adjustments, standardized root mean square residual remained unchanged (0.05 to 0.05) and root mean square error of approximation decreased from 0.09 to 0.07, whereas goodness of fit index increased from 0.88 to 0.91, adjusted goodness of fit index from 0.83 to 0.86, Normed Fit Index from 0.85 to 0.89, and comparative fit index from 0.88 to 0.92. The K-HWEAT demonstrated a moderate correlation with the Korean version of the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (r=.60, p&lt;.001), supporting criterion validity. The overall Cronbach’s α was .92, with the six factors showing internal consistency coefficients ranging from 0.62 to 0.74. Conclusion: These findings support the reliability and validity of the K-HWEAT. However, further conceptual refinement of individual items may be necessary to enhance construct clarity.

Abstract Background The Functional Assessment Scale for Acute Hamstring Injuries (FASH) Questionnaire is a tool to assess the severity of symptoms and their impact on function and sports ability in patients with acute hamstring injuries. The study was to cross-culturally adapt and psychometrically validate a Simplified Chinese version of the FASH (SC-FASH). Methods Cross-cultural adaptation was performed in accordance with the internationally recognised guidelines of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Outcome Committee. The FASH is a 10-item questionnaire. The sample size should be 5 to 10 times the total number of items on the scale. 150 participants with acute hamstring injuries were included in this study. Cronbach's α and the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to assess reliability, and correlations between the SC-FASH and the Exercise-Induced Leg Pain Questionnaire (EILP), the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Short Form (36) Health Survey (SF-36) were used to assess construct validity. Results Between February and May 2025, 150 literate native Chinese speakers with hamstring injuries were recruited for a study. All the 10 items had an answer rate of 100%. The FASH was successfully adapted and translated into Simplified Chinese. Each item was appropriately correlated with the total items. Good reliabilities were observed in SC-FASH, evidenced by Cronbach's alpha of 0.88, an ICC 0.97 (95% CI, 0.96–0.98). The elimination of any one item did not result in a Cronbach's α &lt; 0.80. Standard Error of the Mean (SEM) was 4.41. Good correlations were observed with EILP (0.68, p &lt; 0.01), VAS (-0.62, p &lt; 0.01), and physical function of SF-36 (0.62, p &lt; 0.01). Moderate correlations were observed with role physical (0.46, p &lt; 0.01), bodily pain (0.50, p &lt; 0.01), and general health (0.44, p &lt; 0.01). Fair to poor correlations were observed with vitality, social function, role emotional, and mental health domains of SF-36. Conclusion SC-FASH is recommended to evaluate the severity of hamstring muscle injuries and their impact on physical function and sports ability in Mainland China due to its good reliability, and validity.

Career transitions, such as job transfers, present significant psychological and professional challenges for employees. A person’s career adaptability, which encompasses concern, control, curiosity, and confidence in managing career transitions, is crucial for sustaining performance and well-being in dynamic work environments. Emotional intelligence (EI) has been highlighted as an important aspect in allowing successful adaption during such shifts, as it enhances individuals' capacity for flexibility and self-regulation—core components of career adaptability. is described as the ability to notice, analyze, manage, and regulate emotions. Numerous studies have explored EI and career adaptability separately; limited research has specifically examined their relationship within the context of transferred employees. This study investigates the impact of EI on career adaptability among transferred employees—individuals who often face significant professional and psychological adjustments due to organizational relocation or role changes among employees of the West Java &amp; Banten Regional Division of Perum Perhutani. Employing a quantitative approach with descriptive and verification analysis, data were collected from 77 transferred employees using structured questionnaires. EI was measured using Goleman's EI Theory, while career adaptability was tested using Savickas' Career Adapt-Abilities Scale. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 22.0. The results indicate that both EI and career adaptability levels are generally high among participants, with average scores of 82.4% and 82.9%, respectively. Regression study shows a moderate but statistically significant positive connection between EI and career adaptability, with EI accounts for 69.8% of the variance in career adaptability. These findings emphasize the significance of developing EI as a strategic asset in enabling employee transitions and improving adaptive career behaviors.