Version Of Posttraumatic Growth Inventory Research Articles

성인의 의도적 반추와 외상후 스트레스 증상 및 외상후 성장의 관계

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation(CER) in the relation-ship between deliberate rumination(DR), posttraumatic stress symptoms(PTSS) and posttraumatic growth(PTG).
 Methods 496 people completed self-reporting questionnaires: a Trauma Events Checklist, the Korean Version of Event Related Rumination Inventory(K-ERRI), the Korean Version of Impact of Event Scale-Revised(IES-R-K), the Korean Version of Posttraumatic Growth Inventory(K-PTGI), the Korean Version of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire(K-CERQ).
 Results The results showed significant positive correlations among deliberate rumination, maladaptive CER, adap-tive CER, PTSS and PTG, although adaptive CER was not significantly correlated with PTSS. As a result of the me-diating effect test, a significant partial mediating effect of maladaptive CER was found in the relationship between deliberate rumination and PTSS. In the relationship between deliberate rumination and PTSS, a significant partial mediating effect of adaptive CER was found. The suppression effect of adaptive CER was suggested in the rela-tionship between deliberate rumination and PTSS. In the relationship between deliberate rumination and PTG, a significant partial mediating effect of adaptive CER was found.
 Conclusions These results suggest that the experience of PTSS or PTG after deliberate rumination depends on the type of cognitive emotion regulation strategies being used.

Developing and Evaluating the Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Post-traumatic Growth Inventory in Patients With Cancer

Background: Traumatic events could be accompanied by positive personal and psychological changes. However, no scale is available to measure these aspects in patients with cancer. Accordingly, this study aimed at designing and evaluating the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (P-TGI) in patients with cancer. Methods: According to the quantitative findings of our previous study, 9 items were added to the 21 items of P-TGI. After calculating the Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) coefficients, P-PTGI was finalized with 24 items. A total of 272 eligible patients with cancer who were referred to Shahid Ghazi Hospital in East Azerbaijan Province, Iran for follow-up treatment completed the P-PTGI. The instrument was assessed to determine its construct validity using various indices of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and standardized lambda (λ) coefficient, followed by further assessment of the discriminant and convergent validities using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). LISREL and SPSS were used for data analysis. Results: According to the results of goodness-of-fit indicators, the 5-dimensional, 24-item P-PTGI model was acceptable. Considering that the values of average variance extracted (AVE=0.53-0.75) were greater than the square of correlation coefficients between the 5 dimensions of P-PTGI, discriminant validity was approved. The convergent validity of the tool was confirmed according to the high lambda standard coefficients (0.50-0.93) between items and their related factors. Additionally, alpha coefficients for 5 dimensions of P-PTGI ranged from 0.84 to 0.93 which confirmed the consistency of the tool. Conclusion: This study revealed that P-PTGI, with 24 items and 5 dimensions, is a valid and reliable tool for assessing PTG in Iranian patients with cancer.

Psychometric Properties of the Farsi Version of Posttraumatic Growth Inventory for Children-Revised in Iranian Children with Cancer

Objective:Coping with childhood cancer, as a stressful incident, can lead to a growth in various aspects of the child's life. Therefore, this study aims to validate Posttraumatic Growth Inventory for Children-Revised (PTGI-C-R) in children with cancer.Methods:This methodological research was carried out in referral children hospitals in Tehran. PTGI-C-R was translated and back-translated. Content and face validity were assessed. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed on 200 children with inclusion criteria, using LISREL V8.5. Due to the rejection of the model, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was done, using SPSS V21. The correlation of posttraumatic growth (PTG) with the variables, i.e., age and gender, was investigated.Results:Some writing changes were made in phrases in the sections concerning face and content validity. CFA rejected the five-factor model due to the undesirable fit indices. Therefore, an EFA was used and the three-factor model was not approved, either despite the statistical appropriateness or due to the lack of similarity between the items loaded on factors. The results also indicated a significant relationship between PTG and age (r = 0.13, P = 0.05). There is no significant relationship between PTG and gender (z = −1.35, P = 0.83).Conclusions:PTGI-C-R does not have desirable psychometric properties in Iranian children with cancer and may not be able to reflect all the aspects of PTG experienced by them. Therefore, it cannot be used as an appropriate scale, and it is necessary to develop and validate a specific tool through a qualitative study.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Posttraumatic Growth: Two Realities among Flood Affected School Going Children in Pakistan

The present study tended to study the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and posttraumatic growth (PTG). It also covers the predictive role of demographic features and flood-related experiences for PTSD and PTG in school children living in the flood-prone area of Southern Punjab, Pakistan. 273 school going children were assessed in 2016 after one year to expose flood. Urdu version of Posttraumatic Growth Inventory for Children –Revised, Child PTSD Symptom Scales and demographic form were used to assessPTG and PTSD respectively in children falling in the age range of 11-17 years. The devastation of the school building and financial loss in form of crop damage were the positive predictors of PTSD. Moreover, living in tents, the experience of homelessness, financial losses, exposure to wounded and dead bodies, education, and occupation of the father were noteworthy indicators of PTG. No relationship was noted between PTSD and PTG. Findings supported the notion that PTSD and PTG can coexist therefore clinical implications and ideas related to preventive planning are discussed.

Health-Related Quality of Life and Posttraumatic Growth in Low-Grade Gliomas in China: A Prospective Study.

The present study aimed to describe the quality of life (QoL) changes of survivors of low-grade gliomas (LGGs) 1 year after surgery and to identify determinants of QoL with an emphasis on the role of perceived posttraumatic growth (PTG). We also tried to examine the linear and quadratic relationship between QoL and PTG. Two hundred sixty participants were included in the final data analysis. The Chinese version of posttraumatic growth inventory and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Brain scale were used to measure PTG and QoL. Hierarchical linear models were fitted to explore the individual time trajectories in change of QoL and examine the relationship between demographics, clinical features, PTG, and QoL. All dimensions of QoL and PTG increased over time except physical well-being, social well-being in QoL, and new possibilities in PTG. Time, PTG score, insurance, socioeconomic status, and right hemisphere tumor position were positive predictors of QoL. Seizure and depression negatively predicted QoL. The quadratic of PTG predicted QoL; however, the coefficient of quadratic PTG approached zero. In general, PTG and QoL increased over time. Perceived PTG could significantly predict QoL of LGGs survivors 1 year after surgery. A quadratic relation between PTG and QoL was not found. Although our data suggested that the growth of QoL may vary across different patients, there were only 2 time points in this study. Future studies should set more time points to examine this relationship.

Evaluating the Factor Structure of the Persian Version of Posttraumatic Growth Inventory in Cancer Patients

PurposeThis study aimed to assess the factor structure of the Persian version of posttraumatic growth inventory (P-PTGI). MethodsParticipants included 272 Iranian people of Azari ethnicity (111 women and 161 men), aged between 21 and 91 years (mean 52.65 years), who were diagnosed with cancer and were referred to the oncology department of the university hospital. The P-PTGI was assessed to determine the construct validity, using various indices of confirmatory factor analysis and standardized lambda coefficient, followed by further assessment of the discriminant and convergent validities by using the structural equation model. LISREL 8.8 for Windows and SPSS were used for data analysis. ResultsThe calculated values of comparative fit index, incremental fit index, normed fit index, and non-normed fit index > .90 and the values of standardized root-mean-square residual < .08 indicate an acceptable fit for the original PTGI. Considering that the values of average variance extracted (.52–.74) were greater than the square of correlation coefficients between the five dimensions of P-PTGI, discriminant validity was approved. Convergent validity was confirmed through a high value of standardized lambda coefficient (.52–.92) between the items and their related factors. ConclusionsThis study revealed that P-PTGI has an acceptable validity and reliability for posttraumatic growth assessment in Iranian cancer patients and its factor structure is similar to that of the original form developed by Tedeschi and Calhoun.

Relationships between the Dark Triad and PTSD symptoms

The present study aimed to describe the quality of life (QoL) changes of survivors of low-grade gliomas (LGGs) 1 year after surgery and to identify determinants of QoL with an emphasis on the role of perceived posttraumatic growth (PTG). We also tried to examine the linear and quadratic relationship between QoL and PTG.Two hundred sixty participants were included in the final data analysis. The Chinese version of posttraumatic growth inventory and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Brain scale were used to measure PTG and QoL. Hierarchical linear models were fitted to explore the individual time trajectories in change of QoL and examine the relationship between demographics, clinical features, PTG, and QoL.All dimensions of QoL and PTG increased over time except physical well-being, social well-being in QoL, and new possibilities in PTG. Time, PTG score, insurance, socioeconomic status, and right hemisphere tumor position were positive predictors of QoL. Seizure and depression negatively predicted QoL. The quadratic of PTG predicted QoL; however, the coefficient of quadratic PTG approached zero.In general, PTG and QoL increased over time. Perceived PTG could significantly predict QoL of LGGs survivors 1 year after surgery. A quadratic relation between PTG and QoL was not found. Although our data suggested that the growth of QoL may vary across different patients, there were only 2 time points in this study. Future studies should set more time points to examine this relationship.

Posttraumatic Growth After Motor Vehicle Crashes.

The relationship between sub-dimensions of posttraumatic growth (PTG) and distress was investigated for survivors of motor vehicle crashes (MVC). PTG and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) for 1045 MVC survivors who attended the Accident and Emergency Services were examined with the Chinese versions of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised 1week after the experience of a MVC. A factor structure, which was different from both the original English version of the PTGI and the Chinese version of PTGI for cancer survivors, was identified. Factors extracted were: (1) Life and Self Appreciation; (2) New Commitments; (3) Enlightenment; and (4) Relating to Others. However, correlation analyses indicated a functional similarity between factors from this study and those from previous studies. Relations between PTG sub-dimensions and PTSD symptoms were identified. Results from hierarchical multiple regression analysis and structural equation modeling show that there were different predictors for different PTG sub-dimensions. Findings suggest that different modes of relationship between PTSD symptoms and PTG sub-dimensions may co-exist.

Association between resiliency and posttraumatic growth in firefighters: the role of stress appraisal

The purpose of this study was to establish the relation between resiliency and the level of positive changes, comprising posttraumatic growth in a group of firefighters experiencing job-related traumatic events and the mediating role of stress appraisal in this relation. The study was performed on a group of 100 firefighters from firefighting and rescue brigades, out of which 75 admitted to experiencing a traumatic event. Firefighters covered by the study were on average 31.51 years old (SD = 6.34). A Polish version of Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, the Resiliency Assessment Scale and Stress Appraisal Questionnaire were used in the study. The results have shown that 22.7% of firefighters displayed low, 58.6% average and 18.7% high intensity of positive changes resulting from a traumatic event. Resiliency poorly correlates with posttraumatic growth expressed in changes in self-perception, and strongly correlates with stress appraisal, negatively correlates with threat and harm/loss and positively correlates with challenge. Appraisal of stress as a threat and challenge appeared to be mediators of the relationship between resiliency and posttraumatic growth.

Potraumatyczny wzrost - zróżnicowanie ze względu na rodzaj doświadczonego zdarzenia

The experience of negative life events may involve such negative as positive effects. These positive, referred to as posttraumatic growth, include changes in self-perception, relations to others, and changes in philosophy of life. Among the factors that determine the occurrence of positive changes after trauma the type of experienced event and socio-demographic variables are mentioned. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the type of experienced negative event, gender, age and severity of posttraumatic growth. The study group consists of 730 participants (49,6% men, 50,4% – women), aged 16–75 years (M = 36,5, SD = 14,3), who experienced various negative life events. Polish version of Posttraumatic Growth Inventory was used in the study. The results indicated that type of experienced event and gender were related to the level of posttraumatic growth. Moreover the results indicated that examining the relationship between socio-demographic variables and posttraumatic growth should take into account not only the overall result but also the different areas of growth.

Reliability and Validatity of a Korean version of Posttraumatic Growth Inventory Among Cancer Caregivers

Reliability and Validatity of a Korean version of Posttraumatic Growth Inventory Among Cancer Caregivers

Relationship between trauma exposure, posttraumatic growth and posttraumatic stress disorder

Objectives: The notion that traumatic experiences may have an impact on the human mind is very old. Recent developments in psychotraumatology shifted the approach to a trauma from a purely negative to a more positive perspective. Research confirmed that traumatic events may lead not only to posttraumatic stress or other disorders but also to positive changes. The present research was based on the concept of Posttraumatic Growth developed by Calhoun and Tedeschi (1996), which is widely known in the field of traumatic stress. Although the number of Posttraumatic Growth (PTG) research is growing rapidly, little is known about Posttraumatic Growth predictors. The present research was designed to find out the links between Posttraumatic Growth, Posttraumatic Stress and initial reactions to the traumatic event. We set up two goals of the study: 1) evaluation of how initial traumatic reactions predict PTG, and 2) assessment of links between PTG and PTSD. Methods: A group of 104 university students exposed to at least one-lifetime traumatic event participated in the study. The average time gap between exposure to a traumatic event and the time of research was 43 months. The intensity of initial reactions to a traumatic event was measured using a 10-item self-rating inventory developed by the authors of the present study. The Subjective Traumatic Experience (STE) inventory consisted of items covering cognitive, emotional and physiological reactions to a traumatic event. Posttraumatic Growth was measured using the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PGI) developed by Tedeschi and Calhoun (1996). Previous research showed satisfactory psychometric properties of the Lithuanian version of PGI (Gailienė &amp; Kazlauskas, 2005). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder was measured using the Lithuanian version of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). A recent validation of the IES-R on Lithuanian population showed its good psychometric properties (Kazlauskas et al., 2006). Results: Correlation analysis revealed positive correlations among all three variables – PTG, STE and PTSD. Path analysis with two path models from STE to PTG and from STE to PTSD provided an adequate fit to the data χ2(1) = 1.62; p = .20; RMSEA = .077; NFI = .95; CFI = 1.0. Subjective traumatic experiences predicted Posttraumatic Growth (β= .32; T = 3.35) and PTSD (β = .42; T = 4.62). The modified model with correlations between PTG and PTSD added provided an ideal fit, but changes of the model were not significant: χ2difference (1) = 1.62; p &gt; .05. Path analysis was made using LISREL software. Conclusions: The most significant predictor of both PTSD, and PTG was the intensity of initial reactions to a traumatic experience. While we found a weak but significant correlation between PTG and PTSD, the Path analysis has revealed that PTG and PTSD are rather distinct posttraumatic processes, both predicted by a traumatic event.