Status of design and manufacturing qualification activities of the first wall of the Divertor Tokamak test facility

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of job resources on job commitment and organizational commitment for beauty industry workers. In addition, we tried to examine whether job demand plays a role as a controlling variable in the process of job resources affecting job commitment and organizational commitment. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on the collected data to understand the general characteristics of the respondents, and reliability verification between variables (Cronbach’s α) and validity verification of the measurement variables were performed. Finally, hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to verify the hypothesis. As a result of the analysis, it was found that human job resources and organizational job resources had a positive (+) effect on work commitment and organizational commitment, and only organizational job resources had a significant positive (+) effect on organizational commitment. Finally, it was found that there was no moderating effect on job demand (individual job demand, organizational job demand). Individual job demand and organizational job demand were found to have a direct negative (-) effect on work commitment and organizational commitment.

Regenerative and conservation agriculture are widely promoted as “climate-smart” strategies that can remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere while sustaining food production. However, expectations for agricultural soils as a major negative-emission technology remain contested. The central issue is whether these practices can reliably increase soil organic carbon (SOC), reduce greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions, and support farm livelihoods. This review synthesizes emerging evidence on the impacts of regenerative and conservation agriculture on SOC stocks, GHG balances, and farmer livelihoods. It clarifies definitions and conceptual overlaps between the two approaches, linking them to contemporary understanding of SOC dynamics and carbon accounting. The analysis draws on recent global meta-analyses and long-term experiments to evaluate practices such as reduced tillage, cover crops, diversified rotations, organic amendments, agroforestry, and improved grazing systems. These practices typically raise SOC in surface soils and can improve yields and resilience, but the size of the effect varies strongly with climate, soil type, baseline management and time horizon. Evidence on net GHG outcomes is more mixed: while practices such as reduced tillage and cover cr ops often lower CO₂ emissions from fuel use and erosion, their effects on nitrous oxide (N₂O) are highly variable, and increases in N₂O can offset part of the climate benefit from SOC accrual. We discuss how these biophysical outcomes intersect with farmer incentives, equity considerations and the integrity of rapidly expanding soil carbon credit schemes. Finally, we identify key research and policy priorities for aligning regenerative and conservation agriculture with robust climate mitigation, including improved monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV), better integration of yield and risk metrics, and governance frameworks that prioritise “carbon for soils, not soils for carbon.

To explore the formation mechanism of college students' adoption intention of generative artificial intelligence (GAI)—i.e., the dynamic paths of direct/indirect effects of antecedent variables and interaction effects of moderating variables—this study integrates and extends the traditional Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2). The integration is necessary because traditional TAM focuses on rational cognition, while UTAUT2 lacks the emotional dimension in educational scenarios and the integration of multi-level contexts. A theoretical framework incorporating the “individual-family- institution-region” four-dimensional moderating and collaborative perspective was constructed, and an empirical analysis was conducted using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). A multi-stage stratified sampling method was adopted, with a sample of 842 college students from five universities in eastern and western China. The scales for UTAUT2 core variables and extended TAM variables in the questionnaire were adapted from previous studies that had undergone reliability and validity verification. Reliability was tested using Cronbach's α and Composite Reliability, while validity was tested using Average Variance Extracted, the Fornell-Larcker criterion, and Heterotrait-Monotrait Ratio. Results showed that the measurement model had acceptable reliability and validity, with good explanatory power (R 2 = 0.743) and predictive validity of the structural model. Specifically, perceived comfort (β = 0.112, p < 0.005), perceived security (β = 0.109, p < 0.05), and emotional dependence (β = 0.497, p < 0.005) all exerted positive effects on perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Performance expectancy (β = 0.216, p < 0.005), social influence (β = −0.064, p < 0.05), facilitating conditions (β = 0.143, p < 0.005), and perceived ease of use (β = 0.469, p < 0.005) directly drove adoption intention, whereas the direct effect of perceived usefulness was not significant (β = −0.031, p = 0.523). This result challenges the core assumption of TAM—which emphasizes “priority of rational utility” and confirms the “de- instrumentalization” characteristic of generative AI adoption, meaning user decisions rely more on emotional experience and interactive fluency.Regarding moderating effects: gender negatively moderated the relationship between performance expectancy and adoption intention (β = −0.207, p < 0.05); family structure negatively moderated the relationship between habit and adoption intention (β = −0.228, p < 0.05); university type positively moderated the relationship between performance expectancy and adoption intention (β = 0.251, p < 0.05); and regional differences negatively moderated this relationship (β = −0.251, p < 0.05).In practice, it is suggested that educational authorities strengthen the construction of digital infrastructure in western universities, universities develop differentiated guidance strategies for students majoring in humanities/social sciences and science/engineering, and developers optimize emotional interaction design. This study provides theoretical support for context-adapted strategies for the educational application of generative AI.

This study presents a numerical verification of the physical validity of using a quadratic dependence of the laser beamradius in modeling stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in self-focusing media, such as toluene. The influence of various powerlawdependencies of the gain coefficient on the beam radius (n = 1, n = 2, n = 3) is analyzed in terms of numerical stability andresult accuracy. Two numerical approaches are developed: the Adams method with adaptive step size and the Euler iterativemethod with fixed step size, both based on energy conservation laws and the Kerr effect. The simulations are performed usingparameters typical for toluene (initial beam radius of 113 μm, refractive index of 1.49, laser wavelength of 694.3 nm, and criticalpower of 25 kW). The results show that the quadratic model (n = 2) provides the optimal combination of stability and physicalcorrectness, accurately capturing the Stokes generation threshold (zf ≈ 0.083 m) and power stabilization. The linear model (n =1) underestimates the self-focusing effect, violating energy conservation, while the cubic model (n = 3) exhibits numericalinstability. This work has practical significance for optimizing laser systems in spectroscopy, optoelectronics, and biomedicine.Moreover, an important aspect of developing numerical programs was to improve computational efficiency. Implementing themodeling in the form of standalone programs allows for a significant reduction in calculation time compared to manual analysisor the use of general-purpose software packages. This enables the investigation of complex nonlinear effects under realisticconditions with high spatial resolution

Christian aid in Kenya has also been both a tool of hope and a point of tension in intra-faith relations, as some of the society welcomed it with open arms, others in doubt, while others received it conditionally on terms negotiated. The central objective of the study was to examine the effects of reception styles of Christian Aid on Christian-Muslim relations in Isiolo County with the following specific research objectives: to examine the effect of grateful acceptance of Christian Aid on Christian-Muslim relations in Isiolo County, to examine the effect of suspicion of Christian Aid on Christian-Muslim relations in Isiolo County, and to examine the effect of conditional acceptance of Christian Aid on Christian-Muslim relations in Isiolo County. Two theories (Social Identity Theory and Theory of Intergroup Contact), which are most relevant to the dynamics of Christian aid among Muslim communities, guided this study. A qualitative descriptive case study in Osmer's Practical Theology Model was used in the research. Descriptive statistics, cross-tabulation, and binary logistic regression were used for the data, and qualitative data were coded thematically to bring contextual depth and triangulation. Study sampling design qualifications that were sampled in an attempt to attain an equal and representative study respondents' sample of the target population that consisted of 2,230 members of Isiolo County's local Muslim population. The target population was stratified into six Christian humanitarian organizations that run activities in Isiolo County and offer aid. Stratification was conducted to make sure the sample reflected members of the Muslim community and, by default, are beneficiaries of aid from Christian organizations in Isiolo County. Questionnaires were the principal tools in data collection, which was quantitative. Three common reception patterns of aid were found. The first was acceptance with gratitude, and respondents and leaders both came out openly and mentioned the benefits of Christian relief, particularly during times of crisis such as drought and famine. Gratitude also had a strong association with improved Christian–Muslim relations because it prompted cooperation, trust, and the community's participation in development projects. Suspicion and fearfulness were the usual problems, according to memories of relief associated with missionaries, fear of religious conversion, and shared rumors. Such stereotypes once discouraged the community from joining aid programs, and they preferred receiving the assistance anonymously, thereby eroding interfaith trust. Conditional acceptance was a reaction that mirrored the realist response in the sense that the community demanded firmly, negotiated with relief agencies, and oversaw the relief distribution with the purpose of providing cultural and religious legitimacy. The study recommends greater transparency in aid provision, open forums for interfaith dialogue, compliance with community terms, and institution-building for participatory monitoring.

This study empirically examined the effects of founder characteristics and mentoring factors on entrepreneurial satisfaction, as well as the moderating effect of satisfaction with government startup support, from the perspective of Social Learning Theory (Bandura, 1977). Social Learning Theory posits that an individual's behaviors and attitudes are learned through direct experience, vicarious experience, and environmental reinforcement. Within an entrepreneurial context, direct experience was conceptualized as mastery experience, mentoring as vicarious experience and verbal persuasion, and satisfaction with government startup support as environmental reinforcement. The study sample was limited to pre-startup and early-stage entrepreneurs participating in domestic startup support programs in March 2023. Based on 248 valid responses collected from 302 distributed self-administered questionnaires, SPSS was used to conduct validity verification, reliability verification, correlation analysis, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. While previous entrepreneurship studies analyzed the effects of founder characteristics, mentoring, and government startup support individually, this study systematically examined the interactions among these factors by comprehensively considering the learning sources within social learning theory. The analysis revealed the following: First, founder characteristics such as prior entrepreneurial experience and relevant work experience did not have a statistically significant effect on entrepreneurial satisfaction. This suggests that, consistent with social learning theory, the nature of the experience—specifically, the quality of achievement experiences and the transferability of experience—is more crucial for satisfaction than mere presence or absence of experience. Second, among the mentoring factors, the mentor's entrepreneurial experience significantly influenced entrepreneurial satisfaction, validating the effects of vicarious experience and role modeling through the mentor's practical entrepreneurial background. However, mentoring frequency did not have a significant effect. This implies that the qualitative content of verbal persuasion is more important than quantitative frequency. Third, higher satisfaction with government startup support strengthened the relationship between founder characteristics and entrepreneurial satisfaction. This suggests that environmental reinforcement factors activate experience more than the founder's own experience. Fourth, higher satisfaction with government startup support strengthened the relationship between the mentor's startup experience and startup satisfaction, indicating that environmental reinforcement facilitates the transfer of the mentor's experience. However, the relationship between

As a branch of stomatology, the professional education of orthodontics has always had its own distinct characteristics and rules. In 2023, the World Federation of Orthodontists (WFO) published the second edition of its Guidelines for Postgraduate Education in Orthodontics in its official journal. This document outlines detailed requirements and recommendations regarding various aspects of orthodontic postgraduate education, including training objectives, curriculum design, and faculty qualifications. This paper aims to interpret the curriculum construction section of the WFO guidelines and to explore the key differences between current orthodontic education in China and that in Western countries. Through this comparative analysis, it seeks to provide insights for improving undergraduate orthodontic teaching, postgraduate and continuing orthodontic education, and to inform future directions for innovation in orthodontic training in China.

Lyophilization is a critical process, removing water and or solvent through sublimation to ensure the stability and longevity of injectable drug products. The complexity of the lyophilization process, involving multiple stages such as freezing, primary drying, and secondary drying, necessitates a robust approach to ensure product quality and consistency. Along with applying Quality by Design (QbD) principles in lyo process development, robust statistical and risk-based methodologies are essential for assessing process variability. This paper presents a risk-based and statistically sound sampling methodology for assessing variability in lyophilized drug products during Continued Process Verification (Stage 3a) of Process Validation. Sampling plans are strategically designed, ensuring representative data collection from lyophilizer shelves. By integrating variance analysis, capability indices, and probability, the methodology provides a comprehensive understanding of both intra-batch and inter-batch variability. The assessment enables estimation of future batch performance concerning critical quality attributes, including water content, assay, pH, and impurities. Identifying and controlling both intra-batch (within-shelf and between-shelf) and inter-batch variability ensures robustness. The study highlights the importance of statistically rigorous sampling plans, justification of the plans and data analysis to ensure process control. A case study is presented, demonstrating the application of the approach in a lyophilization process. The methodology supports regulatory compliance and enhances process understanding, enabling tighter process control and continuous improvement. The risk-based Stage 3a framework provides a structured method for post-commercialization variability assessment, bridging process design and continued verification.

Abstract This study assesses how economic instruments arranged as a coherent policy mix can accelerate the decarbonization of Brazil’s swine sector within a just transition framework. A systematic review (2015–2025) from Web of Science, identified 26 studies covering sectoral greenhouse gases (CH₄/N₂O), mitigation options (anaerobic digesters, manure management, precision nutrition), and instrument design (carbon taxation and emissions trading - ETS; payments for environmental services - PES; green rural credit; standards/certification; and extension services). The evidence indicates that stand-alone policies tend to deliver limited and uneven outcomes. By contrast, integrated mixes that combine price signals with revenue recycling, targeted PES, concessional finance, and technical assistance are associated with faster technology adoption, lower abatement costs, and broader smallholder inclusion. Based on these findings, a governance ready architecture is delineated that couples: (i) federal pricing and regulatory frameworks with earmarked revenues for credit and technical assistance; (ii) state-level financial instruments and PES supported by proportionate monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV); and (iii) territorial cooperative arrangements enabling producer aggregation, certification, and market access. Positioned in the run-up to COP30 (Belém), the analysis specifies key trade-offs and feasibility conditions, including MRV indicators, distributive safeguards, and pooling mechanisms. The synthesis suggests that a combination of carbon tax, ETS, PES, green credit and extension offers a balanced pathway that aligns efficiency, equity, and environmental integrity in the swine value chain.

Education plays an important role in addressing resistance, especially in the form of student resistance behavior in madrasahs, which is one of the problems often faced by teachers, such as rejection, protests, or even violence against teachers or classmates. This research aims to identify the strategies implemented by Islamic Religious Education teachers in addressing student resistance. The subjects of this research are four Islamic Education teachers, while the object of the research is the strategies used by Islamic Education teachers to address students’ resistance behavior. The data collection technique for this research uses a qualitative approach that is descriptive in nature. With data collection techniques used through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data processing techniques used are data collection, data reduction, data display, data verification, and data analysis. And the verification of the data validity used in this research includes data credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. The research results show that the teacher's strategy in handling resistance in learning is quite good. This was known from the results of the interview with the teacher. Then, in addressing student resistance, there were some obstacles such as not wanting to follow the teacher’s advice. The factor causing the handling of resistance is found in the madrasa activities, which can foster religiosity and socialization among peers, ultimately aimed at the students’ character. Therefore, the teacher periodically changes strategies by observing the students’ conditions, and there are also hindering factors such as students feeling afraid and not liking the teaching style presented by the teacher.

This study evaluates the applicability of Sentinel-1 Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) data from the Ground Motion Service Germany (BBD) for monitoring dams by comparing it with terrestrial measurements at dams of the Ruhrverband in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW), Germany. The analysis focuses on the accuracy and reliability of BBD data in detecting movements, considering two observation periods and two satellite observation geometries (Ascending and Descending orbit). BBD data showed high correlations with in situ measurements, particularly for long-term deformation trends. However, weak correlations are observed, especially in the Ascending direction. These inconsistencies highlight the influence of structural characteristics of the dams, observation conditions like incidence angles and changes of the study period on data reliability. Key findings show that BBD data provides valuable insights for observing long-term deformation trends (r up to 0.7) but has limitations in capturing short-term deformations due to its annual update rate. A clear difference was observed when extending the observation period by one year, from 2015–2020 to 2015–2021: although the number of PS (Persistent Scatterers) decreased by up to 60%, the PS showed an improved agreement with in situ measurements, indicating higher data quality (r up to 0.8). However, the precision of BBD data depends on inherent factors from the PSI method such as the satellites’ observation geometry, observation period, and site-specific conditions, underscoring the importance of tailored feasibility assessments. The BBD offers a complementary tool to support the maintenance and safety of dam infrastructures. The study follows an observational multi-site design with predefined, DIN-aligned evaluation criteria and statistical tests and is intended as an assessment of operational support rather than a full operational qualification, outlining conditions under which BBD PSI can complement standards-aligned monitoring.

Objectives To acquire public health nursing skills, it is important to comprehensively address and name all the skills. This study focused on intervention skills, aiming to systematize intervention skill items and structures in public health nursing. Furthermore, based on the Intervention Wheel-an intervention model for public health nursing systematized in Minnesota, USA-the characteristics of intervention skills in Japan were considered.Methods Public health nursing interventions were systematized into three stages: draft creation, validity verification, and public health nursing intervention skills system development. Thirty-two meetings of approximately two hours each were conducted, attended by four investigators with experience in public health nursing practice and research. The draft creation had four stages: (1) extracting public health nursing intervention skills from public health nursing textbooks and the Intervention Wheel and organizing them inductively; (2) using the Intervention Wheel to deductively examine skill items; (3) considering the structural framework of intervention skills based on the functional aspects of public health nursing and incorporating the Intervention Wheel; and (4) illustrating a model of public health nursing intervention skills. Ten experts in public health nursing practice, education, and research were interviewed to verify the validity of the original framework and intervention skills. The results from the interviews were revised through discussions with the investigators to formulate a system of intervention skills for public health nursing. The Intervention Wheel functioned as a reference for the characteristics of these skills in Japan.Results Twenty-one major skills required for public health nursing interventions in Japan were identified: social resource management and development; care system construction; outsourcing projects and quality monitoring; and systems, community, and case management. These skills differ from those of the Intervention Wheel. It was also demonstrated that these skills function at the system, community, and individual and family levels to solve health problems. Intervention skills functioned at all three levels; however, some were ineffective at the system or individual and family levels.Conclusion Twenty-one major public health nursing intervention skills were identified to address health issues, ensuring that each of the three levels (system, community, and individual/family) function differently. In addition, the scenarios where these skills perform different yet complementary functions across the three levels were organized and systematized.

Performance qualification of impedance flow cytometry as a rapid in-process control proxy for Colony-forming units in bacterial fermentation processes.

Pelvic Floor Ultrasound Diagnosis Through Dynamic Adaptation of Image Expansion: A Cross-Perceptual Guided Generative Adversarial Network Approach.

The European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), as part of the Fit for 55 package, introduces a carbon pricing policy for imports from carbon-intensive sectors to mitigate carbon leakage and level the playing field in global trade. This article analyses the potential of CBAM to promote fairness and transparency in climate policy, both within and beyond the EU. We examine its integration with the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), analyses the complementarity of both systems, evaluate its Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, and present a multi-criteria regional comparison based on environmental, circular, and social standards. The steel sector serves as a case study to illustrate economic implications and the effectiveness of carbon pricing models. Our findings suggest that while CBAM can reduce emissions and encourage innovation, its fairness depends on careful implementation, support mechanisms for developing countries, and continuous alignment with international climate goals

Regenerative agriculture (RA) is an alternative approach in combating climate change adaptation; however, its effective implementation at scale depends on the development and adoption of standardized metrics. The methodology of this systematic review was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, in order to maintain a high level of transparency and rigor throughout the process of selecting and evaluating the included studies. This research identified the challenges and opportunities associated with implementing a robust monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) framework, which combines direct measurements, proximal sensors and remote sensing to balance accuracy and costs. An innovative aspect of this work is the integration of both social and economic indicators for assessment of RA performance, highlighting the importance of incentives based on verifiable outcomes to support the long-term adoption of regenerative practices. In addition, innovations that can facilitate the scaling and validation of these metrics are explored, which encompasses the use of open and interoperable digital infrastructures to enhance connectivity and integration. This systematic approach contributes to the development of an integrated and adaptable setting for the evaluation and monitoring of RA, serving as a cornerstone for policy formulation and sustainable management strategies.

This paper presents a novel numerical–experimental workflow to evaluate the sealability of casing connections in geothermal and underground gas storage wells, where cyclic thermal and pressure loads challenge conventional qualification methods. The approach combines experimental make-up and cyclic loading tests with finite element analysis by explicitly modeling the connection geometry and the contact conditions. Validation against experimental data shows good agreement in seal ovality, roughness, and wear, confirming the predictive reliability of the model. Results indicate that initial geothermal discharge and seasonal storage cycles generate the highest von Mises stresses, expressed as a percentage of the material’s yield strength (%VMS), mainly under combined tensile and internal pressure loading. After the first make-up, subsequent cycles reduced seal contact pressure and length, increasing leakage risk; however, repeated loading improved tribological behavior, enhancing sealability despite occasional galling. The proposed framework enables accurate prediction of connection integrity under extreme cyclic conditions, offering a novel tool to optimize design and streamline qualification testing.

Knowledge management (KM) is vital for supporting product quality throughout a biologic drug product's lifecycle. This paper presents suggestions for management of pre-PPQ (Process Performance Qualification) knowledge management for biologic manufacturing organizations. This topic was presented at the 2024 PDA Annual conference, with subjective audience survey questions that were employed in real time to customize the talking points for the presentation of KM suggestions.This paper presents a lifecycle knowledge management concept called the CQA (Critical Quality Attribute) Knowledge Accessibility Maintenance Loop (CQA-KAML). This lifecycle has been created to help organizations effectively find and manage CQA-relevant knowledge starting in the pre-PPQ phase of biologic product development to align with ICH (International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use) Q10 and other regulatory guidances.

(1) Background: Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) is one of the two gold-standard tools for assessing oropharyngeal dysphagia (alongside Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study). Although generally considered safe, concerns about complications persist, particularly in systems where FEES is not routine and professional roles differ. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of FEES performed by both speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and physicians, in order to provide evidence of its safety in a healthcare system where the procedure is not yet widely established and to identify patient subgroups potentially at higher risk of procedure-related complications. (2) Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 964 consecutive FEES procedures. Examinations were carried out by trained SLPs or physicians. Data included demographics, clinical status, operator qualifications, setting, and complications, classified as minor (vomiting, poor tolerance, early termination) or major (laryngospasm, epistaxis). (3) Results: The overall complication rate was 1.14% (11/964): 0.6% minor and 0.5% major. All events were self-limiting. Complication rates did not differ between SLPs (1.05%) and physicians (1.23%) or by experience, setting, drug use, penetration–aspiration scale score, or nasogastric tube. Four complications occurred in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients, suggesting higher risk. (4) Conclusions: FEES is safe and well tolerated when performed by either physicians or SLPs. These findings underscore the value of task sharing in dysphagia diagnostics, demonstrating that a shared model increases service capacity, reduces delays, and facilitates timely management of dysphagia.