Venosus Type Atrial Septal Defect Research Articles

Rare Finding of Sinus Venosus type Atrial Septal Defect with Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection presenting as Right Heart Failure and Pulmonary Hypertension in a young Adult

Rare Finding of Sinus Venosus type Atrial Septal Defect with Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection presenting as Right Heart Failure and Pulmonary Hypertension in a young Adult

Treatment of Tachycardia and Bradycardia in a Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava Patient Who Underwent Warden’s Procedure and Tricuspid Annuloplasty

A 53-year-old female was admitted to our institution with alternating atrial flutter and junctional bradycardia. The patient had undergone the Warden procedure to correct sinus venosus type atrial septal defect combined with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return, and ring tricuspid annuloplasty for severe tricuspid regurgitation. She also had persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC). With the assistance of a 3D electroanatomic mapping system, catheter ablation therapy was used successfully to treat atrial flutter associated with a channel in the right atrial scar, and a pacemaker was implanted through the PLSVC because of resulting symptomatic bradycardia.

Role of Perioperative Echocardiographic in Surgical Correction of the Pulmonary Venous Anomalies

ABSTRACT Anomalous pulmonary venous drainage is the anomalous drainage of one or more than one pulmonary vein draining into right atrium, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus, or innominate vein. Right-sided pulmonary vein anomalous drainage is usually associated with sinus venosus type atrial septal defect. Pericardial patch repair and rerouting of the right pulmonary vein are commonly performed operations for such cases. These operations involve a risk of obstruction to the flow of superior vena cava or rerouted pulmonary vein in the postoperative period. The defects are well visualized on the transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). We are reporting three cases operated for anomalous drainage of right-sided pulmonary vein, highlighting the perioperative echocardiographic features. How to cite this article Kumar A, Dutta V, Negi S, Puri GD. Role of Perioperative Echocardiographic in Surgical Correction of the Pulmonary Venous Anomalies. J Perioper Echocardiogr 2016;4(1):19-26.

Multidedector CT Assessment of Sinus Venosus Type Atrial Septal Defect Combined with Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

We present two cases of sinus venosus type atrial septal defect associated with right anomalous pulmonary venous return to the superior vena cava with echocardiography and computed tomography angiography. Sinus venosus type atrial septal defect is a rare anomaly and can be diagnosed with transesophageal or transthoracic echocardiography. However it is often difficult to detect associated pulmonary venous return anomalies and other congenital anomalies with echocardiography. Multidedector CT is a non-invasive technique that may provide useful information on localization and dimensions of ASD and associated anomalies. It is also important to detect these anomalies prior to cardiac and aortic surgical procedures. Case Study Pasaoglu et al.; IJMPCR, 3(4): 107-110, 2015; Article no.IJMPCR.2015.045 108

Difficult pacemaker implantation. Detection of a wrong course due to sinus venosus type atrial septal defect

Difficult pacemaker implantation. Detection of a wrong course due to sinus venosus type atrial septal defect

Inferior Sinus Venosus Type Atrial Septal Defect Initially Presenting Pulmonary Hypertension on Transthoracic Echocardiography

Introduction Inferior sinus venosus type atrial septal defect (ASD) is rare and difficult to depict by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) because of its infero-posterior location of the fossa ovalis. So, this defect is frequently missed with conventional TTE views. We report a case of 19-year-old man with inferior sinus venous type ASD from the clue only from slight diastolic flattening of interventricular septum and mild pulmonary hypertension (PH).

Stroke after surgical treatment of sinus venosus type atrial septal defect: Percutaneous treatment

Background and purpose Sinus venosus-type atrial septal defect can be associated with anomalous drainage of the upper right pulmonary vein into the superior vena cava. Surgical correction provides reconstruction of superior vena cava and rerouting of the pulmonary vein into the left atrium. Summary of case We report the case of a young woman who experienced 2 strokes 11 years after surgical repair of sinus venosus-type atrial septal defect. Conclusions Interventional treatment resolved the superior vena cava stenosis, rerouted the pulmonary vein into the left atrium and abolished the right to left shunt.

Transesophageal echocardiography is superior to transthoracic echocardiography in the diagnosis of sinus venosus atrial septal defect

The purpose of this study was to compare transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography in the diagnosis of various types of atrial septal defects. Forty-one adult patients with the clinical diagnosis of atrial septal defect were studied by transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography (30 women, 11 men; 18 to 81 years of age). Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated the atrial septal defect in 33 patients (secundum type in 28, primum type in 3 and sinus venosus type in 2). Transesophageal echocardiography demonstrated the defect in all 41 patients. Thus, in 8 (20%) of 41 patients the atrial septal defect was demonstrated by transesophageal and not by transthoracic echocardiography. Six of the eight had a sinus venosus type atrial septal defect; the other two patients had a secundum atrial septal defect (one of these two had a technically poor transthoracic echocardiogram and the other had a small atrial septal defect). Transthoracic echocardiography, therefore, failed to demonstrate the sinus venosus defect in six (75%) of eight patients. An anomalous venous connection associated with the sinus venosus defect was visualized by transesophageal echocardiography in seven of the eight patients but was not seen on transthoracic echocardiography in any patient. Sinus venosus type atrial septal defects are frequently not visualized in adults by conventional transthoracic echocardiography. Transesophageal echocardiography is recommended when an atrial septal defect is clinically suspected but cannot be visualized by transthoracic echocardiography.

Sinus venosus type atrial septal defect is frequently missed by conventional echocardiography and is better detected by transesophageal echocardiography

Sinus venosus type atrial septal defect is frequently missed by conventional echocardiography and is better detected by transesophageal echocardiography

Usefulness of echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular and pulmonary trunk size for estimating magnitude of left-to-right shunt in children with atrial septal defect

M-mode and 2-dimensional echocardiographic studies were performed in 42 patients, aged 1 to 16 years (mean 6), with a secundum or sinus venosus type atrial septal defect (ASD) and normal pulmonary artery pressure. Twenty normal children served as a control group. In patients with ASD the echocardiographic variables were correlated with the magnitude of the left-to-right shunt (Qp/Qs) calculated by the Fick principle. Although M-mode echocardiograms showed increased right ventricular (RV) dimension in 69% of the patients, the correlation between RV dimension index (RV dimension/body surface area) and Qp/Qs was weak (r = 0.49). When RV dimension was related to left ventricular (LV) dimension and expressed by the RV/LV ratio, 90% of the patients were found to have an abnormally large right ventricle. The correlation between the RV/LV ratio and Qp/Qs was fairly good (r = 0.64). In 33 patients (78%), the pulmonary trunk (PT) was adequately visualized and measured on 2-dimensional echocardiograms. The dimension of the PT was related to the aortic root dimension and expressed by the PT dimension/aortic dimension ratio. This ratio was 0.99 ± 0.06 in normal children and 1.35 ± 0.23 in patients with ASD (p <0.001). The PT/aortic ratio exceeded the upper limit of normal (the normal mean value + 2 standard deviations) in each of the 27 patients with a Qp/Qs of 1.5 or greater. In 5 of the 6 patients with a Qp/Qs of less than 1.5 the PT/aortic ratio was close to 1 and within the normal range. An excellent correlation (r = 0.89) was found between the PT/aortic ratio and Qp/Qs. The echocardlographic determination of the RV/LV ratio and particularly the PT/aortic ratio is therefore useful in the noninvasive estimation of the left-to-right shunt in ASD.

Etiology of prolongation of the P-R interval in patients with an endocardial cushion defect. Further observations on internodal conduction and the polarity of the retrograde P wave.

Conduction time from the region of the sinus node to the region of the atrioventricular (A-V) node was studied during open heart surgery in 13 patients with an endocardial cushion type atrial septal defect, eight patients with a secundum type atrial septal defect, one patient with a sinus venosus type atrial septal defect, and eight patients with an intact atrial septum. Internodal conduction time was prolonged by an average of 37 msec (range 15-69 msec) in patients with an endocardial cushion defect when compared with the other three groups of patients. However, when the atria were paced from the A-V nodal region, the resulting P-R intervals in patients with an endocardial cushion defect were similar to those of patients in the other three groups, a fact that indicates normal A-V nodal-His-Purkinje conduction in patients with an endocardial cushion defect. It was therefore concluded that the prolonged P-R interval which patients with an endocardial cushion defect often manifest is due simply to prolonged internodal conduction time. Further, we have suggested that the data from this study support the concept that specialized atrial internodal pathways play an important role in conduction between the sinus and A-V nodes.