Vehicles In Indonesia Research Articles

Optimasi Penyetelan Celah Elektroda Busi Terhadap Emisi Gas Buang Pada Sepeda Motor Matic

The development of the number of motorized vehicles in Indonesia is increasing rapidly each year, most motorized vehicles produce bad exhaust emissions, either due to inadequate maintenance or bad driver behavior. Air pollution that has occurred so far is largely due to the presence of motorized vehicles as a means of transportation. Most of the air pollution is caused by motor vehicle emissions. Motor vehicles emit harmful gases which can have a negative impact on both human health and the environment. As for the problems that occur that we often encounter, one of them is the process of replacing spark plugs where these spark plugs are part of the engine component, which, if the maintenance process is neglected, will have an impact on exhaust emissions, one of the causes of the process of adjusting the spark plug electrode gap. The process of this research is to design data collection through Experiments with Optimization of Adjustment of the spark plug electrode gap on the matic vario 125 motorcycle vehicle in 2014. Then the results of the adjustment are known to be different from the adjustment of the spark plug gap with lower exhaust emissions of CO and HC levels. This study uses Perthalite type fuel, then adjusts the spark plug gap 0.20 mm, until the adjustment process is 1.40 mm at 900 rpm, 2000 rpm and 2100 rpm rotation, the engine with the aim of knowing the characteristics of the exhaust gas that comes out of the vehicle into the environment . Based on the results of this study where the CO and HC values were the best at setting the spark plug gap of 0.60 mm with CO 1.77% and HC 360 ppm at 900 rpm and CO 0.11% and HC 74 ppm at 2000 rpm and 2100 rpm rotation.

Optimasi Penyetelan Celah Katup Terhadap Emisi Gas Buang Pada Sepeda Motor Matic

The development of the number of motorized vehicles in Indonesia is increasing rapidly every year, most motorized vehicles can produce bad exhaust emissions, either due to inadequate maintenance or bad driver behavior. Air pollution that has occurred so far is largely due to the presence of motorized vehicles as a means of transportation. Most of the air pollution is caused by motor vehicle emissions. Motor vehicles emit harmful gases which can have a negative impact, both on human health and the environment. This research method is experimental with a research data collection design namely Optimization of valve clearance adjustments on vehicles, then the results of the settings that have been observed with differences in valve clearance adjustments with lower exhaust emissions of CO and HC. This research was then given the treatment of setting the IN valve gap 0.03mm, 0.04mm, 0.05mm 0.06mm, 0.07mm, 0.08mm, 0,09mm and the EX valve; 0.05mm, 0.06mm, 0.07mm, 0.08mm, 0.09mm, 0.10mm, 0,11mm at each rotation of 900rpm and 2000rpm, 2100rpm. With the aim of knowing the characteristics of the exhaust gas that comes out of the vehicle into the environment. With the experimental results of optimizing the IN valve gap of 0.04mm, the EX valve 0.06mm gets 0.04% CO, 28 ppm HC, 900rpm rotation. At 2000rpm it gets CO 0.09%, HC 26ppm. 2100rpm CO 0,33%. HC 44ppm. Referring to the Regulation of the Minister of Environment Number: 05 of 2006, it can be concluded that the exhaust emissions resulting from optimization are categorized as environmentally friendly.

Export Model of Four or More Wheeled Vehicles in Indonesia

In the case of Indonesia, manufacturers from abroad have collaborated with Indonesia by buil di ng t hei r own factories so that this is expected to help economic development in the country , but this doesn’t happen in 2020. In the contrary, since the Pandemic of Covid-19, the automotive industry, one of whi ch i s four -wheeled vehicles or cars, experienced a significant decline in exports. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to find out and analyze how the ratio of exports of four or more wheeled vehicles from Indonesia to the main destination countries, especially in the Southeast Asia region and t o di scover and analyze the effect of the exchange rate, population and gross domestic product on the Indonesian export s of four or more wheeled vehicles to main destination countries, especially in the Southeast Asian region. The methods used in this study are descriptive analysis using export ratio and quantitative analysi s using panel data regression. The results showed that based on the ratio of exports of four or more wheeled vehicles from Indonesia to the four main destination countries in Southeast Asi a, t he l argest was t he Philippines with an average of 0.25, followed by Thailand with an average of 0.11 followed by V iet nam with an average of 0.25. an average of 0.049 and finally Malaysia, which is an average of 0.041. The regression results show that the population and exchange rate variables have a significant positive effect while GDP has no significant effect on Indonesia's exports of four or more wheeled vehicles to the four main destination countries in Southeast Asia.

Detection and Classification of Vehicles on the Bekasi Toll Road Using the Gaussian Mixture Models Method and Morphological Operations

Traffic surveillance was initially carried out directly using CCTV, but this kind of surveillance was not possible for a full day by the security forces. In addition, with the increasing growth of vehicles in Indonesia, a method is needed that can be used to assist security forces in monitoring traffic such as detecting and automatically counting the number of vehicles. Therefore, in our research, we propose a method that can detect vehicles, and count the number of vehicles from video recordings on the Bintara Bekasi toll road using background substraction methods such as gaussian mixture models and morphological operations. The results showed that the vehicle detection accuracy rate was 86.3636%, the precision was 89.0625%, and the recall was 96.6101%. In this study, vehicle classification was also carried out based on the detection results into two types of vehicles, namely cars and trucks. From the results of the research, the classification accuracy rate was obtained at 85.9649%.

Determinants of Customer Intentions to Use Electric Vehicle in Indonesia: An Integrated Model Analysis

Electric vehicles can be a solution to certain social problems in Indonesia, such as pollution and an increase in consumption of energy from fossil fuels, which cannot be met by domestic production. The discussion of the TPB theoretical model, UTAUT2, and risk perception, using the structural equation modeling (SEM) method, in this study aims to provide an overview of the factors that drive interest in adopting electric vehicles in Indonesia. Data were collected from 526 respondents in various cities located in Indonesia. The results showed that the model can estimate the study variables adequately. The constructs of TPB such as attitude toward use (ATU), subjective norm (SBN), and perceived behavior control (PBC) positively affect interest in using electric vehicles. Meanwhile, ATU is influenced by performance and effort expectancies, hedonic motivation, price value, as well as functional, financial, and social risks. Another factor, known as PBC, is influenced by certain facilitating conditions. The ATU factor is the most influential on the use of electric vehicles, therefore factors such as performance expectancy, effort expectancy, hedonic motivation, price value, functional risk, financial risk, and social risk need to be properly analyzed.

STATUS PERKEMBANGAN SEPEDA LISTRIK DAN MOTOR LISTRIK DI INDONESIA

The development of electric vehicles in Indonesia began in 1997 by the IndonesianInstitute of Sciences (LIPI) but since 2013 has slowed down. Presidential Regulation 55/2019strengthens the development of electric vehicles in Indonesia which followed by severalsupporting regulations. Currently, the development of electric vehicles, both in terms of researchand industry or commercial products, is getting better. This paper reviews the current status ofelectric bicycles and electric motorcycles in Indonesia which are commercially available. Theresearch was conducted by through online survey during 2020-2021 which produced adatabase of electric bicycles/motorcycles. Currently, there are 64 electric bicycles and 44electric motorcycles. These vehicles use either two or three wheels with electric drive capacitybetween 180 W to 4200 W. The most common electric motor used is BLDC at 87%. The electricbike/motorcycle has speed ranges between 20 km/h to 70 km/h with battery capacity of 5,2 Ahto 70 Ah with milage ranging from 15 km to 200 km. The information presented will helpstakeholders to get a quick overview of the development of electric bicycles/motorcycles in thecountry and serves as benchmark for developing electric bicycles or motor to meet domesticneeds.

ANALISIS FAKTOR EKSPOR KENDARAAN CBU RODA EMPAT DAN ENAM DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2015 – 2019

The industrial sector can develop with government policies and trade between countries. Industrialization plays an important role in improving the quality of human resources and optimally utilizing natural and other resources. To analyze the effect of government policies partially on exports of four- and six-wheeled CBU vehicles in Indonesia from 2015 to 2019. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of the rupiah exchange rate against the US dollar partially and simultaneously on exports of four and six-wheel CBU vehicles in Indonesia in 2015. 2015 to 2019. The type of data used is quantitative data, with the data source being secondary data. The analysis technique used in this study uses multiple linear regression analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate that simultaneously government policy variables, exchange rates, and world oil prices have a significant effect on the value of Indonesia's CBU exports in 2014-2019, and partially government policy variables and world oil prices have a positive and significant effect on Indonesia's CBU exports. While the exchange rate variable has a negative and significant effect on Indonesian CBU. This means that if the exchange rate of the rupiah against the dollar increases or the strengthening of the value of the dollar against the rupiah will cause a decrease in the price of exported goods, the value of export goods will also decrease.

Reformulasi Strategi Pemasaran Bengkel Otomotif Mengunakan Metode SWOT Dan QSPM

The rised in number of four-wheeled vehicles in Indonesia has a positive impact on elevating business opportunities for otomotive repair services. This type of business is reside in all over region with service level vary from conventional services to advance services. Hari Jaya Teknik is a medium-sized service enterprise which focus on otomotive repairements in Gresik city. The business is experiencing with decreasing customers’ demand caused by conventional business promotion techniques and a number of business competition around bussiness location. This study aims to reformulate a marketing strategy to maintain the existence of a business that has been built for more than twenty years. SWOT and QSPM are the approaches used in this study. The research method begins by identifying internal and external factors obtained from six expert respondents, followed by the calculation of the SWOT and QSPM matrix. The results of this study found eight factors as primary consideration in order to redevelop marketing strategy. The highest factor namely strategy to both maintain and enhance the quality of service. These factors followed by calculating reasonable service costs in order to maintainbussiness reputation as well as customer loyalty. The reformulation of the eight strategies is also expected to be able to bring in new customers in the workshop in order to sustaining bussiness existence.

Investigation of Cyclohexanol as an Oxygenated Additive for Gasoline–Bioethanol Mixtures and Its Effect on the Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Spark Ignition Engines

The quantity of internal combustion engine-powered motorized vehicles in Indonesia has been increasing year after year. As a result, fossil fuel demand has also increased beyond Indonesia’s local production capacity, which decreases every year.

Proposing Electric Motorcycle Adoption-Diffusion Model in Indonesia: A System Dynamics Approach

In 2019, the number of conventional vehicles in Indonesia reached 133,617,012 units, dominated by motorcycles of 112,771,136 units and passenger cars of 15,592,419 units. The high number of conventional motorcycle users can increase the number of pollutants and combustion emissions in the environment. This condition has encouraged the transition to a sustainable transport system that will be needed for decades to come, especially for the electric motorcycle to resolve the issue. This research aims to predict and estimate the market share of electric motorcycles by considering life cycle cost per kilometer. System dynamics simulations are developed to model the adoption-diffusion of electric motorcycles in Indonesia. This model has four main modules: an electric motorcycle module, a conventional motorcycle module, an economy module, and a consumer market module. This model shows a positive trend of EM market share from 2021-2030, with the market share value of EM is 0,411 in 2030. The development of retail price subsidy and electricity price scenarios is also carried out to determine the right policies to accelerate the adoption-diffusion process. Based on the scenario, the provision of retail price subsidy and a decrease in electricity price can increase the value of the EM Market Share.

Current Readiness Status of Electric Vehicles in Indonesia: Multistakeholder Perceptions

As a net oil importer since 2004, Indonesia’s success in developing fuel economy and infrastructure for electric vehicles would be vital to ensuring energy security and decarbonization from the transport sector. Following the Presidential Regulation on the Acceleration Program for battery-based EV for Road Transportation in 2019, the Indonesian government provides incentives for the domestic production of EVs. However, as EV technology is relatively new for the domestic automotive industry in Indonesia, it needs to go through stages of development to achieve full readiness in society. This study analyses the key stakeholders’ perceptions of EV industries using the Japanese technology readiness assessment (J-TRA) to better understand the current readiness level of EVs in Indonesia. Primary data are collected through interviews with an EV start-up company, experts in the EV field, government officials in charge of the national EV projects, and EV end-users. Extensive literature related to success stories of EV adoption in other countries was conducted as the basis for this study. The results showed that key stakeholders agree that EV technology has reached a high readiness level in technology development. Most of the stakeholders voted that the readiness bottleneck is commercialization, safety, and integration parameters. Furthermore, an elaborate policy recommendation gathered from both literature reviews and interviews with related stakeholders is presented.

Contradictions of Online Motorcycle Taxi (Ojek) Arrangements as Public Motor Vehicles in Indonesia

There are various types of transportation services as facilities for community mobilization in Indonesia, one of them is an Ojek. Ojek as a two-wheeled transportation service considered as alternative public transportation which can transport a person from one place to another in a fast way and at affordable costs. With the development of technology and transportation in this digital era, conventional motorcycle taxi (in Indonesia: ojek konvensional) transformed into online motorcycle taxi (known as ojek online), a transportation service using an online application as the ordering media. However, currently, there is no regulation that regulates or legalizes the existence of the motorcycle taxi itself, until the emergence of online motorcycle taxi. With the issuance of Minister of Transportation Law Number 12 of 2019, which gave a perspective that motorbikes were legalized into public transportation, while the regulation in Indonesia Transportation Law stated that motorbikes were not public transportation and Constitutional Court Decision Number 41/PUU-XVI/2018 refuse the legality of motorbikes as the public transportation. The contradiction of the regulation of online motorcycle taxi has resulted an unclear legality of motorbikes used as an online transportation in Indonesia. Transportation Law as a higher regulation than Minister of Transportation Law does not regulate the classification of motorbikes as a public transportation which resulted a contradiction on the basis of the hierarchy of laws in Law Number 12 of 2011.

Utilization of electric vehicles as an energy alternative to reduce carbon emissions

Energy has an important role in achieving social, economic and environmental goals, with energy being a driving force for the economy and a form of defense against the state. Because energy supports the supply of fuel, electricity and infrastructure so as to support a stable defense. The increasing needs of the community in the transportation sector and the decreasing availability of fossil energy. The Indonesian government is trying to find alternative energy as a substitute for fuel oil, namely by using electric vehicles. With the development of electric vehicles in Indonesia, it is expected to be a solution and can support the achievement of clean and environmentally friendly energy. Electric vehicles can reduce pollution and exhaust emissions due to the use of fuel oil in two or four-wheeled vehicles. In addition, using electric-fueled vehicles will certainly reduce the energy crisis and import fuel oil. In support of clean and environmentally friendly energy, Indonesia has supported the Paris Agreement policy to reduce carbon emissions in the transportation sector. The author tries to discuss the use of electric vehicles through current policies and applications and is associated with reducing carbon emissions through the use of electric cars. At the end the researcher will provide strategic recommendations related to the use and development of environmentally friendly electric vehicles to be developed in Indonesia in order to reduce carbon emissions in the transportation sector.

PERKEMBANGAN INFRASTRUKTUR PENGISIAN BATERAI KENDARAAN LISTRIK DI INDONESIA

The development of electric vehicles in Indonesia started after the issuance ofPresidential Decree 55/2019 about battery-based eletric vehicles. The development of electricvehicles must be supported with the charging infrastructure so users do not experienceproblems in charging the vehicles and therefore more people will switch to electric vehicle. Thispaper discusses the current status of charging infrastructure for electric vehicle in Indonesia.Currently, there are several type of vehicle charging facilites consist of 7.000 public electriccharging station or SPLU, 97 public electric vehicle charging station or SPKLU, 9 public electricvehicle battery exchange station or SPBKLU distributed across Sumatra, Java, Bali, NTB,Sulawsi and Kalimantan. In the case of Bali, there are 166 of SPLU, 5 of SPKLU, and there isno SPBKLU yet. The total accumulative energy consumed through the charging stations in Baliis 169.481 kWh. The figure is low due to lack of information about the charging station and thefact that the number of electric vehicles in Bali is still low.

IMPROVING KNOWLEDGE OF ONLINE MOTORCYCLE TAXI DRIVERS (OJOL) ABOUT EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT OF FRACTURES WITH SPLINTS ON THE ROAD

The incidence of fractures is the highest prevalence in the world. Fractures by accidents require serious management to prevent serious injuries. The improper first treatment of fracture victims can lead to death and disability. The causes of fractures in Indonesia include traffic accidents. The number of motorized vehicles in Indonesia is increasing by 119.560 cases every year which caused new problems, including security, safety, and traffic congestion. Online motorcycle taxis are alternative public transportation because they can reach places that are not passed by other public transportation. Online motorcycle taxis riders are people who are often on the road and often see even as victims of broken bones from traffic accidents, so there is a need for counseling and handling emergency conditions for motorcycle taxi drivers on the road. This community service activity aimed to increase the ojol drivers’ knowledge and ability in dealing with emergency fractures on the road using discussion methods. The activity was carried out on Thursday, July 16, 2020, carried out face-to-face in the Sukoharjo Regency pavilion, followed by a number of 20 participants. The result of this activity found an increase in the knowledge of ojol drivers by 40% with posttest results of 80% continued with splint dressing. The results of these activities were followed up by coordination with Gojek for greater community service.

Effects of Bioadditives and Commercial Additive on the Performance and Exhaust Emissions of a Gasoline Engine

One of our era’s greatest scourges is air pollution, on account not only of its impact on climate change but also its impact on public and individual health due to increasing morbidity and mortality. However, future climate change may exacerbate such human health impacts by increasing the frequency and duration of weather conditions that enhance the exposure to air pollution. Jakarta’s expanding fleet of motor vehicles is a key target of urgently needed actions to curb the hazardous air pollution in the city. This paper highlights the technologies and policies to reduce direct emissions from new and in-use cars, trucks, and buses in the city. Such policies, coupled with the promotion of mass transit, non-motorized transport, and other smart growth measures aimed at reducing transport demand, can significantly diminish the adverse effects of transportation on local air quality and public health in Jakarta, and spur similar actions across Indonesia. One of them is the addition of bioadditives (essential oils) and commercial additives that are widely sold in the market. In this study, the effects of essential oils (citronella oil and clove oil) as bioadditives and commercial additive on the performance and exhaust emissions of a single-cylinder, four-stroke gasoline engine was investigated, where both oils were blended with gasoline with a research octane number of 88. Based on the results, the maximum reduction in fuel consumption (33.33%) was obtained at an engine load of 43% when pure gasoline (G88) was blended with 0.1% of citronella oil and 0.1% of clove oil. This test fuel was labelled as BA2. The average reduction in fuel consumption was 18.54% for this test fuel. The thermal efficiency of the BA2 blend was higher even though it had the lowest volumetric efficiency compared with other blends. The unburned hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide emissions for the G88 fuel were 7 ppm and 0.202%, respectively, whereas the values were 20 ppm and 0.289%, respectively for the G88 fuel blended with Cleanoz commercial additive (CA1 blend). The HC and CO emissions were 11 ppm and 0.386%, respectively, for the G88 fuel blended with 0.1% of patchouli oil and 0.1% of clove oil (BA1 blend) whereas the values were 26 ppm and 0.631%, respectively, for the BA2 blend. Even though the BA2 blend had the highest HC and CO emissions, the values were still below the permissible limits for automotive vehicles in Indonesia.

INDONESIA’S INCENTIVE POLICIES ON ELECTRIC VEHICLES: THE QUESTIONABLE EFFORT FROM THE GOVERNMENT

This study seeks to solve the problems in the development of electric vehicles in Indonesia and focuses on incentive policies with related theories compared with other countries. As an effort to realize an environmentally friendly industry, electric vehicles have become a global trend for states to develop, including in Indonesia. Electric vehicles as new discourse in Indonesia needs great support from the Government. In 2022, Indonesia itself targets the first production of domestic electric cars. In 2025, electric cars in Indonesia are targeted to reach 20% of the market. In this case, the Indonesian Government has sought to provide incentives for accelerating the development of electric vehicles through President Regulation Number 55 of 2019 regarding the Acceleration of the Battery Electric Vehicle Program for Road Transportation. However, this policy has not yet become a trigger mechanism for the public to switch to electric vehicles. The determinant factor for this adversity would be; there is a lack of incentives offered by the Government that can be obtained by the consumers. The author finds that the incentive policy provided through Government Regulation is still questionable because it has not been able to trigger the public to switch to electric vehicles.Keywords: Energy; Electric Vehicle; Incentives; Transportation; Indonesia.JEL Classifications: K4, R5DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.11453

APLIKASI PENCARIAN FASILITAS TAMBAL BAN DI KABUPATEN PRINGSEWU BERBASIS ANDROID

The more use of motor vehicles in Indonesia, the more increasing the need for tire patchy places. When experiencing a tire leak, the Rider will encourage the bike to find the location of the nearest tire patch. However, if the Rider has never crossed the road it will be more difficult because it has to push the bike without knowing the location of the tire patch and the operating hours of the tire patch. With the advancement of technology, smartphones are considered a necessity because they have functions that make it possible to do whatever is needed. Therefore, a Tire Patch Facility Search Application was created in Pringsewu Regency Based on Android to make it easier for Riders to know the location of tire patch and to call the Tire Patcher to the Rider's location. The application was developed using the Waterfall method which is divided into 5 stages, namely requirements analysis, system design, program code writing, testing, and maintenance. In this study, the application was built with an Android framework with program code using the Android Studio IDE and the Java programming language and Firebase Database. The results of this study show the application is able to display the location of the patchwork of the tire that is open, the application can help the Rider to call the Tire Patcher to the location, and GIS technology is successfully applied to determine the position of the Rider and the route to the location of the tire patch, and vice versa

PENGARUH JENIS BAHAN BAKAR GASOLIN TERHADAP PRESTASI, PEMBAKARAN, GETARAN, KEBISINGAN, DAN EMISI GAS BUANG PADA MESIN TYPE TV-1

The growth of vehicles in Indonesia is dominated by motorcycles. The current compression ratio of the motorcycle is above 9 : 1. Types of gasoline on the market have octane number of 88, 90, 92. The purpose of this study is to analyze engine and combustion performance, noise and vibration, and emissions from gasoline type with a compression ratio of 10 : 1. This study was used engine with 1 cylinder and 4 strokes, sound level meter to measure noise, VibexpertII with acceleration mode for vibration measurement, AGS-688 for exhaust emission test. The test results showed that the break power of all fuels tends to be constant and the smallest SFC is an octane number of 92 (ON 92). The combustion performance of ON 92 also tends to be stable, but noise and vibration of ON 92 are higher. CO and HC emissions of all fuel tend to be constant.

Modeling Low Income Vehicle Ownership in Cibadak District

The number and growth of vehicles is a separate problem related to the problem of sustainable transportation. In 2019, the number of motorized vehicles in Indonesia was recorded at more than 448 vehicles per 1,000 people. And specifically for motorcycles, it reaches 365 vehicles per 1,000 people. The growth of motor vehicles is significantly influenced by economic growth as measured by Gross Regional Domestic Product. When compared with the growth of motorized vehicles, it can be concluded temporarily that the high growth rate of motorized vehicles at the end of this decade has an impact on traffic problems on the highway. To see the trend between economic growth represented by regional gross domestic product and motorcycle growth, a model is needed to be useful for policymakers who handle the road in making decisions. The results showed that the growth model of motorcycles in Sukabumi can be approached with a linear regression equation. With the sample from the Cibadak sub-district, the area is classified as a low-income area.