Car Vehicle Research Articles

A Tool Detects Violation Of Road Markings Using Ultrasonic Sensors Based On Internet Of Things

In our daily lives, of course we often see the number of motorbike or car vehicles that do not care about the traffic lights, even though the traffic is red, but there are always vehicles that stop or even slightly cross the white line that is specifically for pedestrians so that can pass when the traffic lights are red. Ultrasonic sensors work based on the principle of reflection of sound waves, where these sensors produce sound waves which then capture it again with a time difference as the basis for sensing. After analyzing the needs, the author will build a Tool to Detect Road Marking Violations Using the Internet-Based Ultrasonic Sensor on the grounds that all the components needed in building the tool already exist. Which is where the driver will be exposed to a photo if it crosses the marking line that has been provided on the highway. Because the concept of the internet of things involves tools with users to communicate. The composition of the algorithm, the author uses python which has become the default programming language raspbian operating system. Algortihm construction in the tool is a red light algorithm, an ultrasonic sensor algorithm, an image capture algorithm, and an algorithm for sending text and images via email. Traffic officers will be facilitated because the tool is in accordance with the traffic light seconds, can take pictures, and also officers are informed in the form of text and images.

Development of Protective Industrial Mask for Working in Clensol Environment

The proper mixing of the fuel and the air before the entry of engine makes the automobile vehicles to function properly. This accurate mixing can be obtained with the solitude great performance of carburetors. The performance of the carburetors is being checked continuously with sequential development during manufacturing processes. Once the development of the carburetor with the coverings is completed, their performances are in need to be checked. As the fuel used possess characteristics such as high reactivity with atmospheric oxygen, lesser density and high volatility, it cannot be used in the testing process. Hence fuel with the equivalent chemical formula as that of petrol is to be chosen and was found to be clensol. Owing to the above reasons, it is used to test the performance of carburetor especially for inspecting the movement of float and to detect leakage and so on. Hence they are used to test the performance of the carburetor as movement of float, leakage etc. Though this chemical seems to be a gift for the industry, it seems to have a lot of disadvantages because of this highly volatility which greatly placed the major role in decrementing the respiratory health of human work force leading to the throat infection, lung infection and often results in dermatological issues. Despite protective mask which are being provided by the industries to the work in order to avoid direct inhalation of volatile clensol. The detrimental effects were found not to be reduced up to the mark. Hence, this project deals with the development of mask with the suitable materials which will reduce the amount of clensol penetration in the inhaling air. The reduction of clensol level in the developed mask was tested and tabulated.

CATIA V5 ANSYS Based Performance Enhancement on Disc Brake

In the modern automobile vehicles the system of braking is the main primary essential parts. It takes up the wheel kinetic energy then dissipates it as heat energy and decelerate or else vehicle stop. While apply the disc brake high stress is generated, therefore problem of frictional wear occur. In order to enhance the functional performance, take thermal analysis for selecting minimum heat flexes material. In this research work, software of Catia v5 as well as ANSYS is used for creating modal and analyzing. The Suggest result materials are fabricated using stir casting method and conducting wear test.

Detecting of Warning Sounds in the Traffic using Linear Predictive Coding

Providing attendance of disabled persons into life and increasing it is an important social issue. In this context detecting sirens and sounds of those vehicles which have priority of way in traffic such as ambulance, fire-fighting vehicle and police car will enable to hearing disabled people to drive more comfortably. Recognising such warning sounds and detecting their direction have been aimed in this study. Sirens of ambulance, police car and fire-fighting vehicle in traffic have been classified as positive samples for application. Noises such as music and traffic noises have been classified as negative. Linear Estimator Coding has been made up by converting sound signals into digital data and qualities that reflect the soundin the best way has been determined by removing the qualities that do not reflect the sound in the data. By using principal component analysis method, meaningful and those qualities that represent the data in the best way have been classified by K Nearest Neighbor and Support Vector Machine Algorithm. After creating model about sound detection, model has been tested by performing new sound records. For the sound which has been detected to be warning sound, information about the sound direction has been given to user.

On board Driver Monitoring System with Safety Enhanced Brake System

Recent automobile vehicles require additional safety features to enhance the active safety. Due to lack of safety systems in vehicles road accidents are on the rise. The major cause of collision far 80% of accidents is drivers fault as cited by the ministry of road accidents of India. The current research work is carried out to analyze the fault of the driver and to measures the health condition of the driver by placing throb sensor and temperature sensor in steering wheel so as to slow down the vehicle by using Jake brake during abnormal health issue. The proposed systems were analyzed for different category of the condition of driver to improve the safety system technology. When triggered the exhaust valve is opened after the compression stroke enable to escape of compressed air from the cylinders to slowdown the vehicle which prevents the accidents in emergency situations.

Monitoring Perparkiran Mobil Berbasis Sensor Ultrasonik dan Mikrokontroller ESP8266

— The number of motorized vehicles in Indonesia is increasing rapidly every year. Based on data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) in 2017, the number of motorized vehicles with Passenger Car vehicles reached 15,493,068 units. The number has increased compared to 2016 amounted to 14,580,666 units. The increase as the number of motorized vehicles has an impact of the availability of parking lots in a number of locations. Every driver who will park the vehicle wants to get the location / lot of the parking lot as soon as possible. However, the unavailability of parking capacity information in a parking area causes the user to go around first to get an unload parking space, if the parking lot is full, the user even has to go back out because he did not get a parking space. This study designed and built an ESP8266 microcontroller and PING ultrasonic sensor provided information about the availability of parking lots were still unoccupied in this monitoring system. It is hoped can improve the efficiency of parking users who are looking for vacant parking lots and make it easier for parking admins in parking monitoring management. The results showed that the monitoring system that was built could provide information about the availability of empty parking lots and integrated databases to store vehicle owner information based on parking cards. Parking lot information is included on the parking card given to users entering the parking area.

ANALYSIS OF CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY OF CRIMINAL ACTIVITIES OF THE EIGHTS AND EXTENSION OF CAR (Study of Decision Number 839/Pid.B/2018/PN.Tjk Year 2018)

One of the crimes concerning the misuse of car vehicles is the crime of embezzling cars as the crime is rampant in Indonesia, one of which is in case Number 839/Pid.B/2018/PN.Tjk in 2018. The problem in research is why the perpetrators commit criminal acts embezzlement and imposition of cars based on Decision Number 839/Pid.B/2018/PN.Tjk and how the criminal responsibility of the perpetrators of criminal acts of embezzlement and detention of cars is based on Decision Number 839/Pid.B/2018/PN.Tjk. The research method uses a normative and empirical juridical approach, the normative juridical approach is carried out by studying legal norms or rules, legal principles, while the empirical approach is carried out by direct interviews with informants who will relate to research problems, data analysis used is qualitative analysis. The results of the study indicate that the factors causing the perpetrators to commit criminal acts of embezzlement and car detention are based on Decision Number 839/Pid.B/2018/PN.Tjk opportunity factors and economic needs factors. This factor is due to the defendant's desperate need for a certain amount of money at a fast time so that the defendant made a shortcut by making embezzlement and overcoming the car. The criminal liability of the defendant who commits a crime of manipulating and imposing a car based on Case Number 839/Pid.B/2018/PN.Tjk Year 2018 is that the sentence of imprisonment for 8 (eight) months is reduced as long as the defendant is temporarily detained. detained. Suggestions, for the Judges in carrying out the consideration prioritize a sense of justice for victims, defendants and the public. In addition, judges should carefully pay attention to matters that can alleviate or incriminate defendants other than judges who have also been given the freedom to make decisions in order to enforce law and justice so that judges do not have to depend on public prosecutors' demands in determining crimes for defendants. To the Public Prosecutor in applying the criminal or in giving a claim to the defendant must be appropriate or in accordance with the actions of the defendant because this is the judge's reference in making his decision. In addition, the Public Prosecutor should also have material legal knowledge so that there are no more errors or nonconformities in applying the crime against the accused.

Time Optimal Routing of Electric Vehicles Under Consideration of Available Charging Infrastructure and a Detailed Consumption Model

While battery electric vehicles (EVs) are on the advance, the broad customer basis is still concerned about battery electric range, a phenomenon commonly known as range anxiety. To tackle these concerns, the functionality of in-vehicle navigational systems must adapt to the new propulsion technology with a limited battery capacity. Central aim is to consider charging infrastructure in route planning. Furthermore, detailed powertrain models are required to accurately forecast an EV's energy consumption. On the other hand, such detailed models are hardly applicable to large scale road networks that are usually handled by routing services for vehicle navigation. This study proposes a two-staged approach to compute time optimal routes for EVs. To this end, a reduced road network is obtained from a leading routing service. Subsequently, a detailed consumption model is applied and the resulting multiobjective shortest path problem is solved using an adapted Moore-Bellman-Ford algorithm. Within an experimental study, the consumption forecast is validated against measurement data and query times of the proposed methodology are assessed for generic routing problems. The former shows significant improvement of consumption forecast accuracy compared to state-of-the-art models while the latter indicates potential for application in car manufacturers vehicle backend services.

Is Deployment of Charging Station the Barrier to Electric Vehicle Fleet Development in EU Urban Areas? An Analytical Assessment Model for Large-Scale Municipality-Level EV Charging Infrastructures

This work investigates minimum charging infrastructure size and cost for two typical EU urban areas and given passenger car electric vehicle (EV) fleets. Published forecasts sources were analyzed and compared with actual EU renewal fleet rate, deriving realistic EV growth figures. An analytical model, accounting for battery electric vehicle-plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (BEV-PHEV) fleets and publicly accessible and private residential charging stations (CS) were developed, with a novel data sorting method and EV fleet forecasts. Through a discrete-time Markov chain, the average daily distribution of charging events and related energy demand were estimated. The model was applied to simulated Florence and Bruxelles scenarios between 2020 and 2030, with a 1-year timestep resolution and a multiple scenario approach. EV fleet at 2030 ranged from 2.3% to 17.8% of total fleet for Florence, 4.6% to 16.5% for Bruxelles. Up to 2053 CS could be deployed in Florence and 5537 CS in Bruxelles, at estimated costs of ~8.3 and 21.4 M€ respectively. Maximum energy demand of 130 and 400 MWh was calculated for Florence and Bruxelles (10.3 MW and 31.7 MW respectively). The analysis shows some policy implications, especially as regards the distribution of fast vs. slow/medium CS, and the associated costs. The critical barrier for CS development in the two urban areas is thus likely to become the time needed to install CS in the urban context, rather than the related additional electric power and costs.

CLINICAL EVALUATION OF THE PATTERN OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF NECK INJURIES IN CASES UNDERGONE AUTOPSY

It is learnt from literature that neck injuries are encountered with different manner (suicide, homicide, accident). Sometimes homicidal neck injuries are pleaded or disguised as suicide e.g. murdered victims placed on railway track and even accidental neck injuries are disguised as homicidal to bring false charge of offence on enemies. Meticulous examination of neck injuries can give clues to settle these challenges (Suicidal, homicidal or accidental). Over all, suicide is the major cause of neck injury because of social, economic, work pressure, love failure; failure in exams, unemployment, marital disharmony and depression etc. Accidental deaths are an unplanned event occurring suddenly unexpectedly as unforeseen circumstance. The exponentially increasing number of automobile vehicles, poor adherence to traffic rules and regulations, abuse of alcohol and drug are the cause of accidents. Accidents tragically are not often due to ignorance, but are also due to carelessness, thoughtlessness and due to over confidence. Incidence of road traffic accidents has been increasing at the alarming rate throughout the world. Hence based on these reported data the present study was planned for the clinical evaluation of the pattern of different types of neck injuries in cases undergone autopsy.
 The present study was planned in Department of Forensic Medicine, Dr. Panjabrao Alias Bhausaheb Deshmukh Memorial Medical College, Shivaji Nagar, Amravati. Total 50 cases of the neck injuries undergone autopsy were evaluated in the present study.
 The data generated from the present study concludes that Neck injuries constitute a potential factor in increasing the amount of morbidity and mortality; therefore proper attention should be paid towards their accurate diagnosis and satisfactory management. Death in young due to neck injuries causes heavy loss of valuable work force and human resources.
 Keywords: Manner, Agents and Cause of death, Neck, etc.

Optimal response of half car vehicle model with sky-hook damper based on LQR control

This paper addresses the problem of determining the optimal parameters of a sky-hook damper type suspension in the control of the stationary response of half car vehicle models traversing a rough road. The optimal values of the sky-hook damper suspension parameters are obtained by equating the active suspension control force using linear quadratic regulator (LQR) with that of the sky-hook damper suspension force. Results show that the performance of half car model with optimal sky-hook damper suspension is almost close to the performance of half car model with LQR control.

Review on Friction Welding of Similar/Dissimilar Metals

the most commonly used technique for welding metals is fusion welding. But, these days friction welding procedures are used widely since welding of metals are made much easier. And, those welds impossible to weld by fusion welding can be produced by the process of friction welding. The industries related to automobile, submarine engineering, aerospace and heavy duty vehicle manufacturers are in huge demand for new applications and in need for new material combinations. In the present study, various research work done in the friction welding field is reviewed.

Development and implementation of a software and hardware complex of the controls automation into the self-driving car system based on the "GAZelle NEXT" vehicle

This article describes the stages and the results of automation of the car controls, as part of the self-driving car based o n the light commercial vehicle (LCV) car class. Some aspects of automation of the car equipped with a manual transmission are touched upon. A block diagram of the automation system of the vehicle controls is provided. The variant of integration of modules of controls automation in the base car is shown. The description of the lower level program is given.

Design Improvement of Energy-Saving and Eco-Friendly Car as Transportation Facility

The increase of transportation facility needs raises a problems, especially pollution caused by motor vehicle exhaust that directly affects the decline of air function. Consequently, it is needed an effort to build alternative technologies and eco-friendly vehicles as transportation, in order to reduce the negative impact of exhaust emissions from fossil-fueled vehicles. This research was conducted to design and improve energy-saving and eco-friendly product that can be utilized as transportation. Accordingly, to improve the design of energy-saving and environmentally friendly vehicles, this research is conducted using research and development, for 5 years, starting in 2017 until 2021. Based on a survey towards 327 people that spread across major cities in Indonesia, the result reveals that the design of energy-saving and environmentally friendly vehicles required is a multi-purpose vehicle (multi-purpose vehicle / MPV). By considering the aspect of energy consumption and its impact on the environment, then the concept to improve is city car vehicle concept with 2 seats capacity plus baggage which is able to carry load of 60 kg. The selected vehicle specifications includes 2200 mm long dimension, 1800 mm width, 1700 mm height, 160 mm clearance ground, 1000 cc engine capacity, and 2 x 3000 W motor capacity.

Mitigating roadside noise pollution: A comparison between rounded and sinusoidal milled rumble strips

Shoulder or centerline rumble strips (RS) generate noise and vibration to alert drivers when they are departing the travel lane. Although inexpensive to install, easy to maintain, and have documented safety benefits, RS are not installed on many roadway segments primarily due to noise concerns of nearby property owners. This study evaluated the feasibility of using sinusoidal RS as a substitute for rounded milled RS on roadway segments in Oregon (U.S.A.) with lane-departure crash problems. Exterior sound levels generated by rounded and sinusoidal RS strikes were compared to baseline sound levels for three vehicle types (passenger car, van, and heavy vehicle) to establish sound generation and alerts of the two designs. A total of 39 vehicle strikes of RS were recorded in a controlled field experiment. Rumble strip strikes by the passenger car and van generated less exterior noise with the sinusoidal (3.1 dBA) than with the rounded (passenger car: 5.4 dBA, van: 4.6 dBA) design. Results for the heavy vehicle were complicated due to bridging of the narrower rounded rumble strip by the tires. The wider cut of the sinusoidal RS generated a clearly detectable increase in exterior roadside noise for the heavy vehicle.

Design of Hardware Module for the Vehicle Condition Monitoring System Based on the Internet of Things

One problem in the development stage of driverless cars on public roads is how to monitor the condition of the vehicle that is affected by different weather and environment, including dry, snowy or heavy rain conditions, which are sometimes difficult to predict and require monitoring systems that should be real-time and accurate. For this reason, an internet of things-based car condition monitoring system is needed to be developed. The development covers three essential parts, which include the development of hardware and digital communication modules, web server development and data analysis and mobile application development for monitoring. The purpose of this study is to design a hardware module needed for car vehicle condition monitoring system; a prototype completed with the onboard diagnostic module and embedded system that will send data to the server in real time. The system was successfully designed and developed using ELM327 and ESP32 with SIM808 for communication module. The benefits of this research are as a tool for asset management of car vehicles both for personal and corporate needs. This study also supports the development of driverless cars that require real-time data input between the vehicle and the server.

Vertical bending vibration analysis of the car body of railway vehicle

The paper features the analysis of the symmetrical vertical bending of the car body railway vehicle, when vehicle is running along on a track with vertical irregularities described in the form of the power spectral density (PSD). The analysis relies on the numerical simulations results, developed based on a rigid-flexible coupled vehicle model, with seven-degree freedom, where the car body is modelled as an Euler-Bernoulli type equivalent beam. The vibration behaviour of the car body is evaluated based on the PSD of the car body acceleration (PSD acceleration), calculated at the car body centre and above the bogies. The main characteristics of the car body bending vibration are pointed in correlation with velocity, the secondary suspension damping and the car body elasticity characteristics.

Application of hopcalite catalyst for controlling carbon monoxide emission at cold-start emission conditions

Abstract Carbon monoxide (CO) is a poisonous gas particularly to all leaving being present in the atmosphere. An estimate has shown that the vehicular exhaust contributes the largest source of CO pollution in developed countries. Due to the exponentially increasing number of automobile vehicles on roads, CO concentrations have reached an alarming level in urban areas. To control this vehicular exhaust pollution, the end-of-pipe-technology using catalytic converters is recommended. The catalysts operating efficiently in a catalytic converter are a challenging class of materials for applications in cold start of engines to maintain indoor air quality. In the cold start period, the catalytic converter was entirely inactive, because the catalytic converter had not been warmed up. The cold start phase is also depending upon the characteristics of vehicles and property of catalysts. The increasing cost of noble metals with the increasing number of vehicles motivates the investigation of material concepts to reduce the precious metal content in automotive catalysts or to find a substitute for noble metals. Hopcalite (CuMnOx) catalyst could work very well at the low temperature; thus, it can overcome the problem of cold-start emissions if used in a catalytic converter. Further, low cost, easy availability and advanced synthesis methods with stabilizer, promoter, etc., advocates for the use of hopcalite as an auto exhaust purification catalyst. Although there are numerous research articles present on this topic until now, no review has been presented for demanding this issue. So there is a space in this area, and it has been made an attempt to seal this hole and progress the future scope for hopcalite catalyst for purification of exhaust gases by this review.

Generation of Electrical Energy for Charging of a Battery by using Exhaust Gas Energy

In present day most of the automobile vehicles runs and depends upon the automotive electronics therefore the need of electrical energy for running the electronics system. By using the exhaust gas energy it can produce the energy or charge the battery or power the electrical systems in different operating conditions. The system assists the existing battery during demand. The gas from combustion engine goes as waste approximately 70%of heat without utilizing properly. An attempt is made to charge the battery and it can use to power the electrical systems by using energy from exhaust gas turbine. It is used for the conversion of heat energy to electrical energy. To charge the battery by using the mechanical power from the engine exhaust manifold turbine without compromising the engine efficiency with limited back pressure. The main aim is to convert the heat energy to electrical energy through turbine which gets the higher out turn energy from the exhaust gases. The exhaust gas is utilized for charging and assisting the electrical system.

Advanced Vehicle Management with Cyber-Physical System and Vehicular Cloud Computing

Vehicular cloud computing is a perpetual developing paradigm where the automobiles communicate with each other by retrieving the data, processing it, and sharing it among them even in remote locations through the cloud computing network. This is a developing research platform with innumerable applications both direct and indirect. In other words, it’s the way in which not indifferent automobile vehicles interact with one other. There are a lot of applications for vehicular cloud computing in the automobile industry in assisting with people’s day-to-day life it includes both direct and indirect applications. This platform has proved its way to aid in multiple fields with innovation and update. Cyber-physical vehicle systems are a fraction of vehicular cloud computing network with budding applications. These computer-based algorithms will eventfully aggregate with the automobiles and facilitate them to correlate and communicate with one other. The existing schemes include vehicular cloud computing in conjunction with Ad Hoc Networks where it has improved its efficiency and faced many technical challenges. There also was the implication of sensor technology where sensor incorporated automobiles interact with the network to assist automation. The proposed system involves controlling vehicles efficiently using VCC in cyber-physical systems. It is an advanced vehicle management system with individual connected and an automated vehicle that communicates with one another via cloud computing. The simulated results showed much higher efficiency, management accuracy, communication speed, and information sharing levels between the vehicles.