Vehicle Registration Research Articles

Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease Burden: Changing Patterns and Implications for Public Health in India.

The link between air pollution-attributed cardiovascular disease (APACVD) burden and its contributing factors can aid in detecting vulnerabilities and providing forewarnings for India. We examined the association between the status and trends of the APACVD burden obtained from the Global Burden of Diseases and Injuries study with the two development metrics in India; the human development index (HDI) and indirect indices of economic development, namely annual new motor vehicle registration and the number of functional factories for 10 years from 2009 to 2019. Lorenz curves and concentration index were used to estimate the inequalities in the state-APACVD burden and the burden per 100,000 population. At the state level, APACVD burden was inversely related to the HDI value in India for the years 2009 (r=-0.48), 2014 (r=-0.47), and 2019 (r=-0.37), and the association was statistically significant (p<0.05). The correlation between state-level APACVD burden with the annual new motor vehicle registration and the number of functional factories in India for these years was also positive and significant (p<0.05). The APACVD was 53% unequally distributed across the states, with a concentration index of 0.53 in2009. We observed that at the state level, the APACVD burden was inversely related to HDI. But the APACVD burden increased with the country's economic development. Also, the excess APACVD burden appears to be attributable to the economically developed states. At the state level, APACVD burden decreased as HDI rose over time, indicating that the burden increased with the country's economic development. It is noticeable that the economically developed states may be contributing a higher share of the APACVD burden in India.

A Review on Intensified ANPR Technology to Identify the Vehicles Involved in Smuggling

The system's main goal is to comprehensively monitor vehicle movements at the checkpoint by utilizing unique license plates for each vehicle. An installed camera captures the license plate of each incoming vehicle, with data processed by the Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) algorithm, enhancing security and management operations. Essential information, including the vehicle number, specific features, and entry and exit timestamps, is securely stored in a designated database. The database's role in cross-referencing the license plates of suspicious vehicles enables real-time tracking, enforcing stringent anti-smuggling measures and swiftly identifying any suspicious activity. This automated process distinguishes the proposed Vehicle Registration and Management System from traditional manual investigation methods, ensuring higher security at the checkpoint.

Using Adaptive Zero-Knowledge Authentication Protocol in VANET Automotive Network

One of the most important components of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) is the automotive self-organizing VANET network (vehicular ad hoc network). Its nodes are vehicles with specialized onboard units (OBU) installed on them. Such a network can be subject to various attacks. To reduce the effectiveness of a number of attacks on the VANET, it is advisable to use authentication protocols. Well-known authentication protocols support a security policy with full trust in roadside unit (RSU) base stations. The disadvantage of these authentication protocols is the ability of the RSU to track the route of the vehicle. This leads to a violation of the privacy and anonymity of the vehicle’s owner. To eliminate this drawback, the article proposes an adaptive authentication protocol. An advantage of this protocol is the provision of high imitation resistance without using symmetric and asymmetric ciphers. This result has been achieved by using a zero-knowledge authentication protocol. A scheme for adapting the protocol parameters depending on the intensity of the user’s traffic has been developed for the proposed protocol. The scientific novelty of this solution is to reduce time spent on authentication without changing the protocol execution algorithm by reducing the number of modular exponentiation operations when calculating true and “distorted” digests of the prover and verifying the correctness of responses, as well as by reducing the number of responses. Authentication, as before, takes place in one round without changing the bit depth of the modulus used in the protocol. To evaluate the effectiveness of the adaptive authentication protocol, the VANET model was implemented using NS-2. The obtained research results have shown that the adaptation of the authentication protocol in conditions of increased density of vehicles on the road makes it possible to increase the volume of data exchange between OBU and RSU by reducing the level of confidentiality. In addition, a mechanism for verifying the authority of the vehicle’s owner for provided services has been developed. As a result of the implementation of this mechanism, vehicle registration sites (VRS) calculate the public key of the vehicle without using encryption and provide necessary services to the owner.

DIGITALIZATION OF ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES: LEGISLATIVE AND THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF ITS IMPLEMENTATION

The article is devoted to analysis of definitions of such concepts as “administrative service”, “public service” and “electronic service”, which are available in scientific sources. It was determined that the digitalization of electronic services provides significant advantages both for users of these services and for their providers. Among such advantages are: simplification of procedures for interaction of citizens and organizations with bodies that provide administrative and public services, increasing the efficiency of the work of public administration bodies, reducing corruption risks, increasing the efficiency of budget expenditures, obtaining documents from state registers online. The consolidation of these concepts at the legislative level has been studied. The main legal acts that regulate relations in the field of administrative services have been determined. The article describes the advantages of electronic administrative services. An overview of the Unified state web portal of electronic services “Portal Diya” was carried out and an analysis of the main services available on the web portal and in the Diya mobile application was carried out. It was determined that the following services are currently available in the Diya mobile application: driver’s license, vehicle registration certificate, information on car insurance policy, foreign passport, passport of a citizen of Ukraine in the form of a card, tax payer’s card, child’s birth certificate, student card, there is also available payment of fines for violations of the Traffic Rules and payment of debts due to executive proceedings and many others. The article provides examples of citizens’ appeals to state administration bodies through web portals. It was determined that the issues of efficiency of information exchange between state administration bodies and local self-government bodies, integration of their information systems and electronic document management systems, modernization of the information infrastructure of public administration bodies require today significant attention.

Quantifying the benefits of the introduction of the hybrid electric vehicle

This study models demand and supply in the market for new automobiles to estimate the economic benefits generated by the introduction of the hybrid electric vehicle. We estimate our model using all new vehicle registrations in California along with detailed demographic data. Our counterfactual analysis reveals that the addition of hybrids to the consumer choice set generates gains in social surplus that peak at roughly $1.2 billion annually in 2007, but environmental benefits make up 0.2% of the net benefits. We find that 31% of the social surplus in 2008 can be attributed directly to the hybrid vehicles independently from gains in fuel efficiency, with the remaining 69% attributed to the gains in fuel efficiency. We further show that all income groups benefit from the introduction of the hybrids, with the top 50% of the income distribution receiving the most.

Assessing highway revenue impacts of electric vehicles using a case study

Increasing electric vehicle (EV) adoption poses serious concerns about the long-term adequacy of highway revenues. This paper addresses not only the fuel tax revenue loss across all vehicle classes but also proposes alternative funding mechanisms to recover the loss. Data on average vehicle miles travelled per vehicle, fuel taxes, vehicle registrations, fuel efficiency and consumption are used. The case study location is Indiana, U.S., and analysis period is 2021–2035. The optimal annual fees to recover the loss for each battery EV class range from $241 (in 2021) to $342 (in 2035) for automobiles, $344 to $435 for light-duty trucks, $1246 to $1488 for buses, $969 to $1243 for single-unit trucks, $6192 to $7321 for combination trucks, and $26 to $35 for motorcycles. For the most likely scenario (5% EV market penetration (EVMP) for light-duty vehicles and 30% EVMP for medium-/heavy-duty vehicles), the statewide fuel tax revenue decreases by 21% from 2030 to 2035. The paper also discusses a vehicle-miles-travelled fee and a pay-as-you-charge fee. The study framework is designed to facilitate replication in other states, and the results can provide useful information for assessing the adequacy of the existing revenue models and efficacy of prospective mitigation measures.

Has COVID-19 Distorted the State-Wise Convergence in India? An Empirical Analysis

The study attempted to analyze the economic performance of Indian States with quarterly data from April 2018 to December 2021 by selecting high-frequency indicators. The majority of the States appeared to have reached their respective prepandemic levels, as indicated by trends in electricity generation, labor-force participation rate (LFPR), bank credit, and tax revenues, by the end of December 2021. However, in terms of indicators such as vehicle registrations and consumer sentiments, most States had not reached their pre-pandemic levels. We found that Sigma (unconditional) convergence among States was not evident for most of the indicators except bank credit, while beta (conditional) convergence slowed down in the aftermath of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic based on indicators such as tax revenue, exports, and capital expenditure. In terms of bank credit, there was an indication of the convergence process coming to a standstill in the aftermath of COVID-19-induced disruptions.

The Role of Schools in Raising Awareness of Traffic Law for Students of SMAN 1 Ambon

This research was conducted based on the findings of the problems found in the state senior high school 1 Ambon. It is knowm that the student of senior high school 1 Ambon lack awareness of traffic laws such as not using helmet when driving, not having driving documents such as driver’s license dan vehicle registration. this study aims to find out what efforts have been made by schools to increase awareness of traffic laws for students at senior high school 1 Ambon. The research is decripstive qualitative, systematic factual and accurate pictures or panting about facts in the field. data collection techniques in this study were observation,interviews and documentation. the results of this study indicate that schools as formal educational institutions in collaboration with the police have carried out socialization about traffic in schools with the aim of increasing awareness of traffic laws for students of senior high school 1 Ambon

Hybrid powertrains with dedicated internal combustion engines are the perfect basis for future global mobility demands

In order to still reach the 1.5°C or at least 2°C target, a rapid and significant reduction in the CO2 contribution of all sectors must be achieved. The transport sector in particular has a duty here, as it contributes around 20% to global CO2 emissions and this figure has increased rather than decreased in recent decades as a result of a drastic increase in passenger and freight kilometers.The automotive industry is already making a strong contribution to this through an increasing number of electric vehicles in new vehicle registrations. However, this will not be sufficient, because on the one hand the increase of vehicles in the market is due to several reasons happening not fast enough, and on the other hand the electricity available for the vehicles will not be generated fast enough from fully renewable electricity sources.So as long the supply of regenerative electricity is not sufficient, and as long there are above all many places and applications in the world where a switch to pure electromobility will not be possible in the short and medium term, other highly efficient drive systems will have to be offered in parallel. Highly efficient because only in this way can the valuable energy, from whatever source, be used extremely sparingly.In order to evaluate to what extent hybrid powertrains can contribute to a reduction of the CO2 pollution of the transport sector, this paper deals with the virtual investigation of different hybrid powertrains. In a first step, it is deduced why hybrid powertrains are fundamentally interesting and what potential they have if they are consistently optimized for maximum efficiency. It becomes clear that there is considerable potential in them and that, with consistent further development, they can actually come very close to the future CO2 fleet limits. To achieve this, however, all powertrain components must be optimized. For this reason, a further section presents technologies, such as Pre-Chamber Spark Plugs (PCSP) and technology packages for internal combustion engines that have been optimized specifically for use in hybrid powertrains and achieve Break Thermal Efficiency (BTE) levels of more than 45%.Finally, in the last major chapter, various hybrid topologies are combined with the presented high-efficiency internal combustion engines from chapter 2 and are evaluated in a large simulation study. With the aim to achieve a maximum overall powertrain efficiency under real world driving conditions a combination of a parallel and a serial topology seems most promising.Due to their efficiency and conservation of energy resources, hybrid powertrains have the potential to meet a significant share of future global mobility needs.

The Promotion of Public Transport to Decongest the Traffic From Metro Areas of Mumbai Metropolitan Region

The article explains evolution of transportation sector and concept of public transport. It links with the transportation scenarios in India and Mumbai as a case. The importance of public transportation in India and Mumbai is explained by quoting various numerical datasets published by authorities and research agencies. The development of public transport sector will mostly depend upon the total number of private vehicles and registrations. In Mumbai, currently the trend of using public transport is decreasing while on other hand private vehicles registration is increasing day by day. Proposed transportation projects of MMRDA will give relief to the internal traffic if implemented on time. But still they need to be supported by the additional planning interventions such as planning for industrial areas, business centers and growth centers on periphery of MMR. New transportation modes are required to be experimented since existing modes are insufficient to handle the public transport demand of MMR. The proposed waterway project, need for new airports and integration of last mile connectivity through public transport is emphasized relating to the proposed projects of MMRDA.

Convolutional neural networks in estimating the spatial distribution of electric vehicles to support electricity grid planning

From the perspective of electricity distribution networks and the energy system, the increasing numbers of electric vehicles are among the most topical and challenging problems. The paper investigates a novel approach of a convolutional neural network-based modeling method for estimating the spatial distribution of electric vehicles. The proposed model extracts features from multilayer socioeconomic input raster data that are sequenced in strides and outputs a spatial estimation of EV distribution. Spatial forecasting or area forecasting is at the core of the distribution system operators’ planning and development process as it provides a solid foundation for stochastic load modeling and load development analysis. Present models mostly focus on stochastic load modeling, lacking the spatial forecasting aspect of EV distribution. The proposed model aims to enhance EV load modeling by providing a more accurate spatial approach to the models. The study uses large actual socioeconomic and vehicle registration data sets to tackle the modeling challenge. In comparison with previous studies on similar topics, the present study benefits from more samples resulting from an increase in the adoption of electric vehicles. The proposed model architecture performs adequately in predicting a spatial electric vehicle distribution; the CNN model reached a weighted average precision score of 0.91. The proposed methodology greatly enhances stochastic EV load modeling by providing a good spatial forecast of the initial EV locations, and the results can be further aggregated to support the electricity distribution system planning process. An energy-, material-, and cost-efficient electricity distribution system is the backbone of the modern energy system.

TFPPASV: A Three-Factor Privacy Preserving Authentication Scheme for VANETs

A vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is essential for the autonomous vehicle industry, and with the advancement in VANET technology, security threats are increasing rapidly. Mitigation of these threats needs an intelligent security protocol that provides unbreakable security. In recent times, various three-factor authentication solutions for VANET were introduced that adopt the centralized Trusted Authority T A , which is responsible for assigning authentication parameters during vehicle registration, and the authentication process depends on these parameters. This article first explains the vulnerabilities of the recent three-factor (3F) authentication scheme presented by Xu et al. Our analysis proves that if an RSU is dishonest, it can easily bypass the T A and can create a session with OBU . Furthermore, this paper puts forward a new scheme that provides the 3F authentication for VANETs (TFPPASV) to resist RSU from bypassing the T A and to offer user privacy. The proposed scheme fulfills the security and performance requirements of the VANET. We use BAN-Logic analysis to perform a formal security analysis of the proposed scheme, in addition to the informal security feature discussion. Finally, we compare the security and performance of the proposed TFPPASV with some recent and related schemes.

A robust registration method for UAV thermal infrared and visible images taken by dual-cameras

Automatic registration of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) thermal infrared and visible (TIR&V) images is fundamental for subsequent applications. However, few studies address this issue due to significant radiation gap, shape gap, and texture gap among TIR&V images. The area-based methods are not able to satisfy the accuracy and robustness of location at the same time, while the image pyramid-based methods are computationally expensive. To alleviate these problems, we proposed a so-called TWMM method for the registration of UAV TIR&V images taken by the camera equipped with both thermal infrared and visible sensors. TWMM is realized by combining Template matching with Weights, Multilevel local max-pooling, and Max index backtracking. TWMM consists of four steps: (1) computing similarity maps of the atomic patches using template matching with weights; (2) building pyramid similarity maps using multilevel local max-pooling; (3) deducing the corresponding points (CPs) from top to bottom using max index backtracking; and (4) eliminating outliers and estimating homography. Among the four steps, step 1 and step 2 are used to compute the similarity maps of patches with different sizes; step 3 and step 4 are used to deduce CPs and estimate homography with multiple similarity maps. TWMM was comprehensively evaluated with 600 UAV image pairs under four different scenes and also compared with current methods (i.e. SIFT, SURF, RIFT, RCB, TFeat, HardNet, RANSAC_Flow, HOPC, and CFOG). These image pairs have multiple features, i.e., different land covers, spatial resolutions, and illumination conditions, etc. Results indicate that TWMM achieves an 86.0% correct CP ratio (RCP) and a 96.0% correct matching rate (CMR) for all test images, which is a 15.1% improvement and 11.6% improvement, respectively, over the best state-of-the-art methods. TWMM also shows better robustness than other methods for weak-light images, achieving a 20.7% improvement in RCP and a 28.1% improvement in CMR. Therefore, TWMM is an effective and robust method for UAV TIR&V image registration and has good ability under different scenes.

Design and Development of Real time Embedded system for Rear view camera Video signal processing for Driving safety

Abstract: The use of vehicles in our life is increasing exponentially day by day and as increasing vehicles are violating the traffic rules, theft of vehicles, entering in restricted areas, high number of accidents lead to increase in the crime rates linearly. For any vehicle to be recognized, vehicle license plate detection will play a major significant role in this active world. For finding vehicles commonly used in field of security and safety system, LPDR plays a significant role and need to recognize vehicles registration number. The system includes a camera connected to Raspberry Pi which captures the video of moving vehicles. The number of the following vehicle is displayed and the vehicle image were viewed on a web page. The system implemented can be used to improve road safety.

Automated Data Digitization System for Vehicle Registration Certificates Using Google Cloud Vision API

This study aims to develop an automated data digitization system for the Thai vehicle registration certificate. It is the first system developed as a web service Application Programming Interface (API), which is essential for any enterprise to increase its business value. Currently, this system is available on “www.carjaidee.com”. The system involves four steps: 1) an embedded frame aligns a document to be correctly recognised in the image acquisition step; 2) sharpening and brightness filtering techniques to enhance image quality are applied in the pre-processing step; 3) the Google Cloud Vision API receives a prompt to proceed in the recognition step; 4) a specific domain dictionary to improve accuracy rate is developed for the post-processing step. This study defines 92 images for the experiment by counting the correct words and terms from the output. The findings suggest that the proposed method, which had an average accuracy of 93.28%, was significantly more accurate than the original method using only the Google Cloud Vision API. However, the system is limited because the dictionaries cannot automatically recognise a new word. In the future, we will explore solutions to this problem using natural language processing techniques. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-07-09 Full Text: PDF

APPLICATION OF THE VEHICLE ALLOCATION METHOD (VAM) IN THE FLEET SIZING PROCESS OF A GERMAN COMPANY IN THE WIND SECTOR

This study sought to apply the Vehicle Allocation Method (VAM) for dimensioning light fleets and identify the results it produces in a multinational company that manufactures, installs and maintains wind turbines. For this, an quantitative research, exploratory, with characteristics of an evaluative case study, based on the documental collection from secondary sources and on the sample, which is composed of light vehicles with circulation in several Brazilian states, supported by parameters such as car life cycle, usage details, among other criteria. The analysis of data collected from an odometer, internal vehicle registration and allocation reports and reports from the supply management system was performed using electronic tabulation (Microsoft Excel). The results showed that data-based actions promote several benefits and allow the company to move towards an optimal inventory based on the adjustments resulting from the results of this study, such as the verified need to replace, reallocate or eliminate about 45% of this company's current fleet.

HISTORY, CURRENT STATE, AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES AS A TECHNICAL AND FORENSIC TOOL AND OBJECT OF FORENSIC RESEARCH

The relevance of the study is conditioned by the scientific originality and practical significance of using modern capabilities of unmanned aerial vehicles by law enforcement agencies. The purpose of the study is to investigate the history, current state, and prospects of development of the unmanned aerial vehicle as a technical and forensic tool and object of forensic science. The study is based on the dialectical method of cognition of social and legal phenomena and concepts. Along with it, such general scientific and special research methods as historical, comparative legal, system and structural, sociological, statistical, logical, and other modern approaches were used, allowing the study to formulate assumptions and draw conclusions. Based on the findings, an analysis of the history of the development of an unmanned aerial vehicle was carried out, where the author identifies five main stages, namely: the period of the late 19th - early 20th century, the period of the First World War and the post-war period, the period of the Second World War, the period of the Cold War and local military conflicts of that time, and the modern period, which was characterised by the involvement of modern unmanned aerial systems not only in the military sphere, but also in various spheres of human life, including criminal activities, and in the activities of law enforcement agencies to disclose, investigate, and prevent criminal offences. Based on the intended purpose, technical characteristics and parameters, the classification of unmanned aerial vehicles is given, depending on their types, size, weight, power plant, and control method. In this regard, attention is focused on unmanned aircraft systems related to multicopters, as the most promising unmanned aerial vehicles that can be implemented in the work of law enforcement agencies. Certain aspects and features of using an unmanned aerial vehicle as a technical and forensic tool and an object of forensic research are considered. In this regard, problematic issues related to definition of a unified legal terminology for systems and elements of an unmanned aviation complex. Priority areas of introduction of unmanned aerial vehicles in the activities of law enforcement agencies are highlighted. Considering international standards in the aviation sector, the main areas are proposed for improving Ukrainian legislation on registration, licensing, and certification of unmanned aerial vehicles, and the grounds and procedure for its use by relevant law enforcement agencies in the detection, investigation, and prevention of criminal offences. The practical significance of the study is conditioned by the fact that it examines topical issues of the history of development, the current state, and prospects for improving Ukrainian legislation on issues related to the practical use of an unmanned aerial vehicle as a technical and forensic tool and the object of forensic research

Development of Mobile Application for R.T.O. Examination

Ever increasing no. of traffic on the road, it is very tough to maintain the proper registration of vehicles and maintain the license of driver. All vehicles should be properly registered and the records regarding these vehicles should be maintained also user should get their learning license without any difficulties. R.T.O. office is a government office which maintains all the information regarding vehicles on the road and the driver. As per Motor Vehicle Act, 1939 and Bombay Motor Vehicle Rules, 1959 regular that every vehicle should be registered, no person shall drive vehicle or no vehicle owner shall drive in public place on in any other place unless the vehicle is registered along with his/her motor vehicle driving licensee and duly paid motor vehicle tax at R.T.O. office. This research paper presents working of the R.T.O. Examination application and its strategy.

Consumer Ecoregions and the Geography of Automotive Brand Preference: An Analysis of Vehicle Registration Data

This article analyzes regional variability in consumer automotive brand preferences using vehicle registration data from Oregon and Washington. Vehicle registration data are aggregated by county and per-capita ownership rates are calculated and analyzed to assess regional variability. Results indicate that Consumer Ecoregions may be more cohesive, in terms of homogenous ownership rates by automotive brand groups, than corresponding States. As such, Consumer Ecoregions may provide a more useful partition for understanding regional variability for a variety of business applications including the identification of sales and distribution territories or comparable applications where the geographical dimension of the supply chain is salient.

The effects of ridesourcing services on vehicle ownership in large Indian cities

The role of ridesourcing services on vehicle ownership is an important research area, especially in the context of the environmental implications and long term sustainability of these services. However, evidence from literature so far is mixed, with studies reporting both an increase and reduction in ownership, sometimes in the same country. This research adds to the current knowledge by econometrically estimating the impacts of ridesourcing services on vehicle ownership in a large emerging economy, India. Using a cross-sectional timeseries data on vehicle registrations in 18 large cities in India over 17 years, we find a statistically significant reduction in vehicle ownership (compared to baseline) since the introduction of these services. The growth in vehicle ownership has reduced by around 7.7% in the cities together since the introduction of ridesourcing services and this impact appears to grow over time; but the overall ownership is still increasing.