Various Parts Of Body Research Articles

Comparing Betamethasone and Dexamethasone Effects on Concentration of Male Reproductive Hormones in Mice

Most of chemical drugs have side effects on various parts of body. It is necessary to identify these effects to better use of drugs. Betamethasone and Dexamethasone are two of the most usual drugs in human and animal medication. The effect of these drugs on concentration of male reproductive hormones of mice was the goal of this study. Eighteen matured male mice were divided into eight groups including control, placebo and six treatment groups. Placebo group was received physiological serum only and treatments were Betamethasone (0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg) and Dexamethasone (0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg) which were injected in peritoneum every other day and for twenty days. After 20 days, blood samples were taken and FSH, LH and testosterone levels were measured using Eliza test method. Obtained data were analyzed using one way analysis of variance and mean comparison was done using Duncan's multiple ranges test and SPSS program. Results showed that 0.5 mg/kg of Betamethasone and all levels of dexamethasone caused significant increase in FSH concentration. For LH hormone, 1 mg/kg of Betamethasone and 0.1 mg/kg of Dexamethasone caused significant decrease whereas 1 mg/kg of Dexamethasone increased it significantly. Testosterone was increased significantly by 1 mg/kg of Dexamethasone. So, mentioned drugs are effective on hormone action of reproductive system dose dependently and probable effect of them must be considered in time of using.

Строение мышечной оболочки в различных отделах стенки мочеточников человека

The paper deals with the literature review on scientific data of the muscle membrane of the human urinary tract. The contradictions between authors, who studied its topography in various parts of bodies, are given. The organization of structure of the muscle membrane of the human urinary tract in zone of ureteral-cystic segment is considered more extensively. On the basis of autopsy material of the wall of the ureters from the corpses of men and women aged 20 to 89 years of study of the structure of the muscle membrane is carried out. Fence ureters, in order to avoid false data, based on the results of clinical and postmortem diagnoses and constitutional features of corpses. Observation of histological staining techniques drugs (Haematoxylon-Eosin and the method of Mallory) longitudinal and transverse sections of the wall of the ureters, and then analyzed under a microscope Leica DM 2500 (Switzerland) with special magnification (approx 10, of. 4, 10) is applied. The study revealed some regularities of the structure of the muscle membrane in the proximal, medium and distal parts of the urinary tract, and also in places of their anatomical sphincter - pelvic-ureteric and ureteric-cystic constrictions. The paper is added to pictures that show the difference in the structure of the muscle membrane studied departments walls of the urinary tract.

Effects of UV-, Visible-, Near-Infrared Beams in Three Therapy Resistance Case Studies of Fungal Skin infections

Fungal and bacterial diseases, directly infecting various parts of body, have received much attention in recent years. Bacterial infections, such as Tinea Pedis, Pityriasis versicolor and Mycetoma can secondarily occur in superficial fungal damaged skin. They often occur in immune compromised individuals including diabetics and patients with peripheral arterial diseases. Mycetoma infections can travel through the bloodstream affecting different organs. In this paper, we investigate the photo-inactivation of the pathogens causing Tinea Pedis, Pityriasis versicolor, and Mycetoma infections in three therapy resistant patients without photosensitizing drugs. We have used a combination of visible to near-infrared (VIS/NIR) laser beams in association with blue (B), red (R) and ultra-violet (UV) light emitted diodes (LEDs) with incident doses of 0.63 - 21.43 J/cm 2 . These beams have minimum side effects on the normal part of the skin. According to the physicians’ assessments, all case study patients achieved an observable progress such as decreases in inflammatory lesions, rapid process of wound healing and scars improvements. Side effects such as inflammation, crusting, or hypopigmentation were not observed. The presented irradiation protocol may be a valuable complementary treatment for patients suffering from fungal and bacterial skin infections.

Hanging case of an Adult Male: A Case Report

In case of hanging the process of respiration i.e. the exchange of air between the atmosphere and the alveoli of lungs is prevented by ligature in neck, leading to asphyxia and death. Hanging may be complete/incomplete (partial) where the constricting forces are the body weight or even only the weight of the head. In complete hanging whole body is suspended, no part of the body touches the ground. Complete hanging is suicidal in nature unless otherwise proved. In partial hanging any part of the body touches the ground. Partial hanging is suicidal (100%) in nature & there is no 2nd thought. Generally Medical and non-medical personals think that complete hanging may be suicidal, but partial hanging is definitely homicidal in nature which is not the actual fact. Hanging with signs of torture in various parts of body goes in favour of (provoked) suicidal nature. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdnmch.v18i1.12244 J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2012; 18 (01): 63-64

Infestations of Piagetiella titan (Menoponidae: Mallophaga) on juvenile white pelicans (Pelecanus nocrotalus, L.) in Urmia Lake National Park, northwest Iran.

Pelecaniformes are large water birds feeding by hunting fish and living usually in the sea and in fresh water. Ectoparasitic lice of the genus Piagetiella are interesting from an ecological standpoint as they are found in the pouches of pelicans. Unlike chewing lice, which live on the body surface of the host, P. titan lives in the oral cavity of white pelicans (Pelecanus nocrotalus, L.). This study aimed to determine the infestation of white pelicans with P. titan in Urmia Lake, Northwest Iran, between June and August from 2004 to 2006. Sixty-two juvenile white pelicans at three different age groups of < 1 (n = 8), 1-2 (n = 23) and 3-7 (n = 31) weeks were investigated and 59 birds were found infested with lice. A total of 1637 lice were collected from the oral cavity and body of the birds, with the number of lice ranging from one to 112 per bird. P. titan were identified according to the criteria described by Price (1970), including the number of setae in various parts of body, the structures of prosternal, mesosternal and metasternal plates, the structures of female and male genitalia, presence of two ventral stout subapical setae on tibia II-III and the number of the ctenidia on femur III. This report describes P. titan on pelicans for the first time from Iran.

Histamine H4 Receptor: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Immune and Allergic Responses

HIstamine is a biomolecular compound located in various parts of body. It participated in various important cellular activities associated with allergy and asthma. This magic bio-molecule is directly and indirectly involved in various biochemical reactions through G-protein couple receptors. Various histamine receptors and their unexplored biochemical activities attracted many biologists in last few decades. A surprising discovery of histamine H(4) receptor was done when scientist worked on histamine H(3) receptor in brain cells. The binding pocket of histamine H(4) differs by transmembrane domains (TM3, TM5 and TM6) from histamine H(3)-sub type. In this review, we enlightened various functions of histamine H(4) and use of histamine H(4) receptor antagonists in autoimmune diseases, allergic responses, inflammatory responses, and in superoxide generation which are helpful to establish H(4) receptor antagonists as newer anti histamines.

Is there is Need for Ubiquinone (CoQ10) Supplementation in Statin- Associated Myopathy?

Statins are currently the most effective drugs in reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). With their mechanism of action, by inhibiting 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutharyl coenzyme A reductase, statins decrease cholesterol production. The same biosynthetic pathway is shared by ubiquinone or coenzyme Q10. Statins block production of dekaprenyl-4-benzoate, a precursor of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), which is an essential component in mitochondrial transport system. Ubiquinone deficiency may affect oxidative phosphorylation and adenosine triphosphate production, which can subsequently result in impairing of muscle energy metabolism and contribute to development of myopathy. Statin therapy also decreases antioxidant status in the body, resulting in to increase in free radical damage to cells in various parts of body; liver, nerves, muscles. Statins can decrease natural antioxidant protection present in our body and predispose toxicity. Statin-associated myopathy is the most common side effect of statin treatment often lead to statin dose reduction, or therapy cessation, which can negatively affect cardiovascular risk management. The spectrum of statin-related myopathy ranges from common but clinically benign myalgia to rare but life-threatening rhabdomyolysis. Observational studies suggest that myalgia can occur in up to 10% of persons prescribed statins, whereas rhabdomyolysis continues to be rare. Statins lower circulating levels of CoQ10 up to 54%, whereas several studies did not confirmed a lowering of CoQ10 levels in muscles during statin therapy and the evidence was given also on low dose of statin therapy, which did not appear to reduce intramuscular levels of CoQ10 in symptomatic patients with statin myopathy. The conflicting results have been published on the impaired mitochondrial function, which was found during the analysis of the myocyte cells in patients treated with statins. The supplementation of CoQ10 results in increasing of serum CoQ10, but it is not clear if it relieves myopatic symptoms in statin treated patients. Yet available intervention studies reported contrasting results and just two of them proved benefit of CoQ10 supplementation. Hence coenzyme Q10 supplementation is not currently recommended for routine use in the prophylaxis of statin toxicity.

3712 皮膚性状計測用小型センサシステムの開発 : 第2報 硬さおよび粗さの評価手法の検討(S55-2 生物医学工学における計測と制御(2),21世紀地球環境革命の機械工学:人・マイクロナノ・エネルギー・環境)

Human skin, which mainly consists of epidermis, dermis and hypodermis, is the largest organ of a human body. It has a lot of roles, for example, protection function, moisture maintenance function, and sensory function. Moreover, it becomes a parameter that shows the health condition and beauty, because the skin is the outermost layer of a human body. Therefore, the development of the sensor that can measure the skin conditions in various parts of the body is demanded. However, sensors that had been developed before can measure limited parts of body or can measure only in limited condition. In this paper, the sensor that can measure various parts of human body in various conditions is developed and evaluated by measurement of the artifical skins that have various hardness and roughness.

1209 皮膚性状計測用小型センサシステムの開発(要旨講演,一般セッション:生体治療・医療,バイオ操作・検査)

Human skin, which mainly consists of epidermis, dermis and hypodermis, is the largest organ of a human body. It has a lot of roles, for example, protection function , moisture maintenance function and sensory function. Moreover, it becomes a parameter that shows the health condition and beauty, because the skin is the outermost layer of a human body. Therefore, the development of the sensor that can measure the skin conditions in various parts of the body is demanded. However, sensors that had been developed before can measure limited parts of body or can measure only in limited condition. In this paper, the sensor that can measure various parts of human body in various conditions is developed and evaluated by measurement of the artifical skins that have various roughness.

0912 皮膚性状計測用センサの開発(J07-3 バイオ・医療と設計(3),J07 バイオ・医療と設計)

Human skin, which mainly consists of epidermis, dermis and hypodermis, is the largest organ of a human body. It has a lot of roles, for example, protection function, moisture maintenance function, sensory function, and etc. Moreover, it becomes a parameter that shows the health condition and beauty, because the skin is the outermost layer of a human body. Therefore, the development of the sensor that can measure the skin conditions in various parts of the body is demanded. However, sensors that had been developed before can measure limited parts of body or can measure only in limited condition. In this paper, the sensor that can measure various parts of human body in various conditions is developed and evaluated scanning on the grinding papers that have various smoothness.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Presenting as Acute Lupus Myocarditis

Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of unknown etiology which affects various parts of body. SLE can involve all parts of the heart including the pericardium, myocardium, endocardium, heart valves and coronary arteries. Cardiopathy of SLE is the third common cause of death in all patients with SLE. Although cardiopulmonary symptoms are common in SLE, symptomatic acute lupus myocarditis is a very rare and fatal complication of SLE. We report here on a 20-year-old female patient with acute myocarditis as a initial manifestation of SLE and rapidly diagnosed using echocardiogram.

A3 バスケットボール・シュートにおける上肢の三次元運動解析(動作解析1)

This paper describes a new method to measure and analyze three-dimensional rotation and translation analysis of upper limb in basketball shot form. In general, the shot form is measured by taking the photograph of motion with the high-speed camera and/or video camera and analyzing the photograph with direct linear transformation method (DLT method). The suggesting measurement method was derived by the kinematic human body model analysis. The measurement system developed by using the three dimensional rate gyro sensors set at the several body positions can measure the three dimensional rotations and the three dimensional translations of various parts of body. By using this system, the motion of a thin part such as wrists and ankles can be measured easily. In addition, this system can measure the basketball shot forms of various players correctly.

The Body in Nilgiri Tribal Languages a Contribution to Areal Linguistic Studies

0.1. IN 1956, M. B. EMENEAU defined 'linguistic areas' as such areas include languages belonging to more than one family but showing traits common which are found not to belong to the other members of (at least) one of the families. Some discussion has been, however, going on as to the application of the theory and methodology to situations which languages of the same family or dialects of the same language would be involved.2 G. F. Diffloth and myself have identified some features of diffusion and convergence among the various tribal languages of the Nilgiris South India, all belonging to the Dravidian family, and, most probably, to its South Dravidian branch, and 1980 I have specifically expressed 'a plea' for Nilgiri areal using the term 'microarea'.' Recently, Emeneau, with the lucidity and insight characteristic of all his writings, reviewed the problem, and accepted the fact that the recognition of the extensive polyglottism and bilingualism/ multilingualism typical of the Nilgiris leads one to attempt consideration of the Nilgiris as a 'linguistic area'.4 Elsewhere the same paper he explicitly states that, whereas the languages of the Nilgiris indeed belong to one family or even to one subbranch of a family, in this sense the Nilgiris can be treated as a linguistic microarea.5 0.2. Once the Nilgiri linguistic microarea has been established by the identification of structural traitsand Emeneau thinks it has now been established, at least a preliminary way-it may be bolstered by examination of lexical items. The most profitable strategy seems to me to be to start investigating a large enough semantic group, preferably of items connected intimately with the 'real' life of the people speaking the tribal languages. I believe that the human body represents such semantic field par excellence. I have a rich list of items pertaining to the various parts of human body culled from different sources representing the following languages spoken the larger Nilgiri area: Toda, Kota, Mele Nadu Irula, VWtte Kadu Irula, Urali-Irula, Kasaba-Irula, Alu Kurumba, Palu Kurumba, JEnu Kurumba, Shalega, with some additional data from Mud.uga, Badaga, Bettu Kurumba and Paniyan.6 My list can naturally not pretend to be at all complete. Even after my own repeated fieldtrips, and with all the data published the DED and DEDS, D. B. Kapp's large monograph on Alu Kurumba, and various other sources on Toda, Kota and Irula published by Emeneau, Diffloth, Sakthivel, Perialwar and others, there are immense lacunae which have to be filled. Nevertheless, the data seem to be rich enough to yield some results when investigated as one pertinent group of connected items, and to draw some valid conclusions concerning their etymology, derivational morphology, and semantics. This is precisely what I intend to do the following paper, limiting myself to the various parts of the body while ignoring, for the present at least, bodily functions and activities, and bodily states as well as physical abnormalities. 1. Bodil 'as such' 1. 1. Initially, there was some confusion between words derived from *me} (DED 4162), and those connected with Ko. ven 'back' (DED 4518 Ka. hennu). Darticularlv | Emeneau, M. B., India as a linguistic area, Language 32 (1956) 3-16. 2 Emeneau, M. B., Indlia and Historical Grammar, Annamalainagar, 1965. ' Zvelebil. K. V., A plea for Nilgiri areal studies, International Journal of Dra'idlian Linguistics 9 (1980) 1-22. 4Emeneau, M. B., The Languages of the Nilgiris, prepublication copy, to be included a volume on the Nilgiris, ed. by Paul Hockings. Courtesy of the author. P. 10. 5 Ibid., p. 11. 6 As from this point, the enumerated languages will be designated by the following abbreviations: To., Ko., MNIr., VKIr., Ur., Kas., AKu., PKu., JKu., Sh., Mud., Bad., BKu., P. Other language abbreviations are Ta. Tamil, Ka. = Kannada, Ma. = Malayalam, Skt. = Sanskrit, Pa. = Pali, Pkt. Prakrit, IA = Indo-Aryan, Dr. = Dravidian, SDr. = South Dravidian. Other language names are not abbreviated.

大学男子水泳選手のための柔軟性組テスト

The purpose of the present study was to construct an appropriate flexibility test battery for competitive swimmers. Twelve flexibility tests which have been validated to measure the flexibility of various parts of body were adminstrated to 153 skilled college swimmers. For the purpose mentioned above, factor analytic procedures were applied to the correlation matrix consisted of 12 flexibility measures and 5 variables derived from some of these 12 measures. As a result, the six factors were extracted and interpreted as follows : I) trunk rotation flexibility, II) trunk lateral flexibility, III) shoulder flexibility, IV) ankle extension and mobility flexibility, V) trunk flexion and extension flexibility, and VI) ankle flexion flexibility. Taking the factorial validity, reliability, and practicability of tests into consideration, the following 6 test items were chosen ; trunk rotation (right) (X1), trunk lateral flexion (right) (X2), shoulder extension (X3), ankle extension (X4), trunk flexion (X5), and ankle flexion(X6). Then, the following conventional fomulas for estimating each flexibility factor score were developed ; FS1=0.9X1-79.1, FS2=1.9X2 -49.6, FS3=0.7X3-98.9, FS4=1.8 X4 -250.6, FS5 =1.3X5 -141.7, and FS6 = 2.5X6 -179.3. (J. Physical Fitness Japan 1982, 31 : 94`102)

Chloride concentration in sweat; its individual, regional, seasonal and some other variations, and interrelations between them.

Methods employing various types of capsules for the measurement of sweat volume and for the collection of sample sweat were studied; the filter paper method was found to be the most reliable and easiest to use among the methods examined. Using the filter paper method, sweat volume as well as sweat chloride content from a small skin area were measured during the sweating response to a high environment temperature. The following results obtained:(1) Individually reproducible response patterns were observed both for sweat volume and sweat chloride content, suggesting a classification of the patterns into four types. Type I: Large sweat volume with high chloride content. Type II: Large sweat volume with low chloride content. Type III: Small sweat volume with high chloride content. Type IV: Small sweat volume with low chloride content.(2) Determinations on various parts of body revealed that regional variations exist in sweat chloride content. In general, sweat chloride content declines according to the following order: head and neck, middle line on the chest, pectoral region on the chest, forearm (flexor and extensor side) and back of hand; this sequence is the same for most subjects.(3) Year around experiments have demonstrated clear seasonal fluctuations in sweat chloride content. In all 12 subjects (5 males, 3 females and 4 children), sweat chloride was much higher in winter than in summer. It generally began to rise in early September, (in some subjects during end August) toward high winter levels, and fell toward low summer levels from May on. Sweat chloride content were much higher in all adult males, especially in the winter, than in females and children. This resulted in wider seasonal fluctuations in sweat chloride in men than in women and children.(4) These seasonal fluctuations in sweat chloride content were observed to follow the same pattern in the various regions of the body.(5) The parallel relation between sweat rate and sweat chloride content was exhibited less markedly in subjects who secrete sweat of dilute concentration, and vice versa. This relationship could also be applied to seasonal changes in sweat chloride excretion.(6) It was demonstrated that the sweat chloride level is correlated negatively to the degree of vascular responsiveness as measured by a vascular reaction test to cold.The findings obtained are thought to support strongly the idea that the chloride excretion in sweat is controlled mainly by the systemic effect of climatic conditions through its influence upon salt reabsorption activity of the gland. It was also suggested that the ability of sweat glands to excrete chloride may be closely related to the other thermoregulatory functions.

EMERGENCE OF SOMNAMBULISM DURING INTENSIVE PSYCHOTHERAPY.

tated, stuporous and unresponsive. She had hyperpyrexia 105#{176}F. and tachycardia, and ophthalmology, gynaecology, urology and further internal medicine consultations failed to reveal anything significant. Repeated blood, urine and CSF cultures including those for virus were within normal limits. She received vanous antibiotics. Patient died on Oct. 10, 1963. Post-mortem studies revealed the cause of death to be bronchopneumonia and the illness was attributed to schizophrenia with malnutrition, dehydration and electrolyte derangement. Virus and fungus cultures from various parts of body were negative.

The measurement of the surface area of adults

Meeh's formula K WT2/3 is accurate in principle only when applied to individuals of differing weights but of similar body form. The surface area of five adults of widely different weights and forms was measured by the following method. The subject was dressed in a tight fitting suit of union underwear, the hands were covered with cotton gloves, the feet with socks and the head with a tight fitting bag of woven cotton material. The gloves were then covered with melted paraffin and over the rest of the surface strips of paper were pasted in such a manner that a stiff mould of the body was formed. This was then cut in small pieces which would lie flat. Patterns of these pieces were made by printing them on photographic paper of known area and weight. These patterns were then cut out and weighed and the surface areas of the various parts of body calculated. Many linear measurements of the subject were taken and an effort made to find the length and average breadth of each part of the body. After numerous trials characteristic measurements of length and breadth were chosen. The products of the length and breadth when divided into the surface area as actually determined, gave factors which varied but little in the five cases measured. The total surface area of the body can be estimated by multiplying the length, breadth and the proper constant for each part of the body and then adding the parts together. This new formula gave the following errors in the five cases measured: Small fat cretin +0.5 per cent.; short, stout man +1.3 per cent.; tall, thin man — 3.8 per cent.; tall man of average build +0.9 per cent.; short, very fat woman +2.0 per cent.