Variety Of Colors Research Articles

Structural coloration of white cotton fabrics via self-assembly of SiO2/carbon composite microspheres

Highly reflective substrate surfaces produce strong reflections of interfering and scattered light, which reduces the saturation and brightness of structural colors constructed by photonic crystals. Amorphous SiO2 photonic crystals of 250–360 nm were synthesized using the Stober method, and then synergized with strongly light-absorbing carbon nanoparticles to construct a variety of structural colors on the surface of white cotton fabrics by electrostatic self-assembly. The vividness and stability of the structural colors on the surface of black cotton fabrics were also compared. The results showed that the structural color cotton fabrics had excellent washing fastness and abrasion fastness. The microscopic morphology of SiO2 microspheres and structured color surfaces were investigated by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The compositional structure of SiO2 microspheres was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The color quality of structured color cotton fabrics was investigated using reflectance spectra and K/S values.

اللون في شعر الجواهري د.

Al-Jawahiri is considered one of the most important Arabic poets in the modern era. His poetry is distinguished by multiple artistic aesthetics, the most important of which is his unique and masterful use of colors. The colors he used played a prominent role in enriching his poetry and making it more expressive of his feelings .and thoughts :research aims .Analysis of Al-Jawahiri's use of colors in his poetry .Identifying the functions of color in the jeweler’s poetry He linked Al-Jawahiri's use of colors to the environment in which he lived, Arab .culture, and the poets he influenced :Research Methodology Descriptive analytical method :research results Al-Jawahiri's use of colors was distinguished by its diversity, clarity, and impact on .the reader's emotions Diversity of colors: Al-Jawahiri used a variety of colors in his hair, including primary .and secondary colors, and warm and cool colors Clarity of colors: The jeweler used colors clearly and precisely, so that the reader .can easily understand the intended meaning .Use colors skillfully to influence the reader's emotions and arouse their interest Al-Jawahiri was influenced by the multiplicity of colors present in the Arab and Iraqi .environment, and this led to his use of a variety of colors in his poems :Recommendations The researcher is recommended to conduct more research on the application of colors in the poems of other Arab poets. It is also recommended to conduct a comparative study between the use of colors in Al-Jawahiri’s poems and their use .in the poems of other Arab poets Keywords: colors, jeweler

Comparison of feature extraction and auto-preprocessing for chili pepper (Capsicum Frutescens) quality classification using machine learning

The low-cost camera for machine vision, such as a webcam, still has a problem with resolution noise. Therefore, it is important to learn strategies to reduce noise from low-cost camera images so that they can be widely used for grading machines in the future. This paper aims to compare three feature extraction methods with auto-preprocessing to classify chili pepper <em>(Capsicum Frutescens)</em> quality using a machine learning algorithm. Three extraction methods were used, including the color feature, oriented FAST and rotated BRIEF (ORB), and the combination color feature and ORB. A total of 525 image data for quality chili pepper were collected using the webcam. The auto-preprocessing strategy to classify chili peppers can improve the performance of machine-learning algorithms for all data generated by the feature extractor. The performance of the chili paper quality classification model with auto-preprocessing of the variable color feature can improve the performance of machine learning algorithms by up to 64.21%. The performance improvement of the classification model using the ORB feature variable and the auto-preprocessing of up to 4.41%. The performance improvement of the classification model using machine learning algorithms is 11.27% when using the combination color feature and ORB feature and autopreprocessing.

A Musical Offering by Nikolai Rakov: Nine Pieces for Piano Four-Hands

The article provides an overview of the “Nine Pieces for Piano Four-Hands” cycle of the late period of the work of Nikolai Rakov, a Russian composer of the 20th century. Allusions are actively used in the cycle, which consists of pieces of different genres, and the infl uence of various composing schools is noticeable. Having passed a long creative path, the composer seems to embody the need to create a musical offering to his great predecessors and contemporaries, involving expressive means of various styles. Masterfully using the arsenal of piano tools for children’s performance, he achieves the most vivid performing solutions and a variety of orchestral colours. At the same time, the culmination of the cycle and the fi nale are native Russian pieces that give the cycle a vividly national fl avour.

A unifying theory explains seemingly contradictory biases in perceptual estimation.

Perceptual biases are widely regarded as offering a window into the neural computations underlying perception. To understand these biases, previous work has proposed a number of conceptually different, and even seemingly contradictory, explanations, including attraction to a Bayesian prior, repulsion from the prior due to efficient coding and central tendency effects on a bounded range. We present a unifying Bayesian theory of biases in perceptual estimation derived from first principles. We demonstrate theoretically an additive decomposition of perceptual biases into attraction to a prior, repulsion away from regions with high encoding precision and regression away from the boundary. The results reveal a simple and universal rule for predicting the direction of perceptual biases. Our theory accounts for, and yields, new insights regarding biases in the perception of a variety of stimulus attributes, including orientation, color and magnitude. These results provide important constraints on the neural implementations of Bayesian computations.

Transcription factors FtMYB22 negatively regulates anthocyanin synthesis by forming an MBW ternary complex in Tartary buckwheat

AbstractAnthocyanins are important flavonoid compounds that are abundant in Tartary buckwheat, providing a variety of bright colors and enhancing abiotic stress resistance. Our study found that FtMYB22 specifically affected anthocyanin anabolism. In this study, overexpression of the FtMYB22 transcription factor in tobacco significantly reduced the accumulation of flavonol in the petals of transgenic tobacco plants. Moreover, it significantly downregulated the expression of the genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in tobacco. Overexpression of the FtMYB22 transcription factor in Tartary buckwheat hairy roots significantly inhibited anthocyanin and total flavonoids biosynthesis, and downregulated the expression of the anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. Comparing wild‐type and transgenic hairy roots, FtMYB22 overexpression significantly inhibited anthocyanin accumulation and downregulated most flavonoid synthesis pathway gene expression. Yeast two‐hybrid assays demonstrated that FtMYB22 could interact with the FtbHLH family member FtTT8 and the FtWD40 family member FtTTG1 to form a ternary MBW complex to inhibit anthocyanin synthesis. Therefore, FtMYB22 can be exploited as a target site for further gene editing and molecular breeding to improve the resilience and quality of Tartary buckwheat.

The dwarf neon rainbowfish Melanotaenia praecox, a small spiny-rayed fish with potential as a new Acanthomorpha model fish: I. Fin ray ontogeny and postembryonic staging.

Fish fins with highly variable color patterns and morphologies have many functions. In Actinopterygii, the free parts of fins are supported by "soft rays" and "spiny rays." Spiny rays have various functions and are extremely modified in some species, but they are lacking in popular model fish such as zebrafish and medaka. Additionally, some model fish with spiny rays are difficult to maintain in ordinary laboratory systems. Characteristics of the small, spiny-rayed rainbowfish Melanotaenia praecox render it useful as an experimental model species. Neither fish age nor body size correlate well with fin development during postembryonic development in this species. A four-stage developmental classification is proposed that is based on fin ray development. Melanotaenia praecox is an ideal species to rear in laboratories for developmental studies. Our classification allows for postembryonic staging of this species independent of individual age and body size. Development of each fin ray may be synchronized with dorsal fin development. We discuss the differences in mechanisms regulating soft, spiny, and procurrent ray development.

A Wideband High-Gain Electrochromic Antenna With Variable Color and Infrared Emissivity

A Wideband High-Gain Electrochromic Antenna With Variable Color and Infrared Emissivity

A brief overview of carotenoids and their applications

Carotenoids are naturally occurring pigments found abundantly across various fruits, vegetables, and other foods that are plant-based. They impart variety of colors to the microorganism, fruits, vegetables with their striking red, orange, and yellow colors. Beyond contributing to the aesthetic appeal of these foods, carotenoids make a significant impact on human health. They are known for their antioxidant properties, offering protection against oxidative stress and damage caused by potentially harmful free radicals. Antioxidant property of carotenoids is due to presence of conjugated double bonds (CDB) that are present in their chemical structure.By reducing oxidative stress, carotenoids help protect the body against various chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, and cancers. They are also well known for their pro-vitamin A activity, immune system modulation, and ability to scavenge free radicals while protecting against UV radiation. Because humans are not able to synthesize carotenoids, they must be obtained through diet or supplementation. Carotenoids’ anti-cancerous/cancer preventative action is the main factor contributing to their pharmacological significances.Carotenoids also known for bacterial pathogenicity by acting as virulence factors.Carotenoids are also known to impart color hence beneficial for the food and beverage industries, textile industries etc.They are being used more frequently as substitutes for artificial colorants and additives as growing consumer interest in sustainable and natural products. Thus, the primary focus of this review is on the fundamental knowledge of carotenoids and its numerous applications in industries and human health.

Time-Dependent and Excitation-Dependent Afterglow Color Evolution from the Assembly of Dual Carbon Dots in Zeolite.

Afterglow materials with time-dependent color output emerge as huge prospects in advanced optical information encryption but remain a formidable challenge due to the limited exciton transfer from a single emission center. Here, multiple time-dependent afterglow color evolutions are achieved by the strategy of controllable assembly of dual carbon dots (CDs) with an individual afterglow color and decay rate into an RHO zeolite. The strategy possesses high controllability such that B-CDs and G-CDs can be independently generated and in situ embedded into a matrix; in particular, the doped amount of two kinds of CDs can be adjusted conveniently to produce interesting variable afterglow colors. Triggered by different excitations, the prepared B&G-CDs@RHO composites exhibit the conversion of TADF and RTP behaviors, as well as time-dependent afterglow color output from deep-blue to green (365 nm excitation) and static cyan (254 nm excitation). The unique luminescence and excellent stability allow the composite applied in information encryption with high-security levels.

The Effect of the Type of Planting Media and The Addition of O2 Nanobubbles on the Growth of Dendrobium burana Green × Ong Ang Ai Boon Orchid Plantlets in Vitro

Dendrobium orchids come in a variety of colors, shapes, and beauty that are in great demand. The process of growing orchids requires special handling of an appropriate growing environment, such as proper planting media and nutrients that can stimulate orchid growth. This type of thin liquid film media is the use of liquid media with an immersion system while vermiculite and perlite media have almost the same properties. However, vermiculite has a higher water absorption capacity than perlite. Nanobubbles are bubbles with 1-100 nm that can live more stably in water. This study aims to influence the type of media and the addition of Nanobubbles O2 on the growth of Dendrobium burana Green × Ong Ang Ai Boon orchid plantlets. This research was carried out from November to December 2022 at the PT. Java Indo Arjuna Singosari, Malang. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 10 treatments, namely solid MS, gaviota solid, thin liquid film, thin liquid film + NBs O2, vermiculite, vermiculite + NBs O2, perlite, perlite + NBs O2, vermiculite + Perlite, vermiculite + perlite + NBs O2 with 4 replications. The data were analyzed descriptively and the Manova test. The results showed that the vermiculite + NBs O2 treatment had the potential to increase the length of plantlets by 13.80 mm, the wet weight of plantlets by 0.30 g, the percentage of live plantlets by 100% whereas in the vermiculite + perlite treatment has the potential for the first root growth to appear, namely 5 HST. The vermiculite treatment had the potential to increase the highest number of leaves by 5 leaves, whereas in the leaf color treatment the solid MS treatment had a more intense green color.

Synthesis, characterization and application of Zeolite/Bi2O3 nanocomposite in removal of Rhodamine B dye from wastewater

Many factories use a variety of colours to enhance product aesthetics, leading to untreated wastewater being discharged into natural water bodies. This wastewater not only poses a threat to aquatic life but also endangers human health, causing issues like skin diseases, as some dyes are carcinogenic. Rhodamine B dye (RhB) is commonly used in industries such as textiles, paper, etc. This study focuses on synthesizing, characterizing, and applying Zeolite/Bi2O3 nanocomposites to efficiently remove RhB dye. Nanocomposites were synthesized using the sol-gel method and characterized using techniques including FTIR, SEM-EDS, XRD, DLS, point of zero charge determination, and surface resonance analysis. The removal process in an aqueous solution achieved its maximum efficiency of 100% under the following optimal conditions: initial concentration of RhB dye (0.5 mg/L), time (10 min), adsorbent dose (0.55 g), pH (4), and temperature (298 K). Real wastewater testing confirmed the nanocomposite's efficiency, removing a significant 98.12% of RhB dye. Reusability tests showed stability, with removal efficiencies of 100%, 97.08%, and 88.9% over three cycles. Isotherm analysis adhered to the Freundlich Isotherm Model (R2 = 0.9953), signifying favourable adsorption behaviour. Kinetic analysis supported the pseudo-second-order model, indicating a chemisorption mechanism. Thermodynamic analysis suggested spontaneous (negative ΔG°) and endothermic (positive ΔH°) adsorption, with reduced randomness (negative ΔS°) at the solid-liquid interface. In conclusion, wastewater dye removal, especially Rhodamine B, is vital for environmental and public health protection. The Zeolite/Bi2O3 nanocomposite emerges as an efficient, sustainable, and eco-friendly adsorbent for Rhodamine B dye removal in both synthetic solutions and real wastewater.

What are the impacts of architectural design on occupants’ well-being, and how can architects optimize spaces to enhance productivity?

In the context of rising urbanization and the growing enhancement of green architecture, architectural design is a topic of increasing importance. This study examines the detailed relationship between architectural design and the human experience, emphasizing the significant effects of design decisions on people's well-being. The research delves into the psychological effects of architectural design and explores how architects can optimize spaces to increase occupants' productivity and well-being while taking environmental sustainability and cost-efficiency into account. Numerous studies have demonstrated the critical relationship between indoor environmental conditions and occupant well-being. This study examines the relationships between architecture and the effects that various elements have on inhabitants' moods, behavior, and general well-being, including ventilation, lighting, color, layout, and biophilic design. Further, it discusses possible solutions that could be implemented, such as eco-friendly architectural design, adaptable floor plans, biophilic design principles, and a variety of color and aesthetic decisions to create environments that foster occupant comfort, creativity, and productivity. The study does, however, identify a few limitations including the possible financial effects of incorporating sustainable design elements. Architects can play a critical role in creating environments that improve the quality of life and productivity of their occupants while respecting the environment and budgetary constraints by taking into account the psychological effects of design choices and advocating for innovative, sustainable, and occupant-centric design approaches.

Integrative Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses of the Mechanism of Anthocyanin Accumulation and Fruit Coloring in Three Blueberry Varieties of Different Colors

Blueberries are recognized worldwide as one of the most important healthy foods due to their anthocyanins, which have special antioxidant properties. They have become a highly produced and valuable fruit crop. Most blueberry varieties are rich in anthocyanins, which impart a beautiful blue color; however, there are currently several blueberry varieties with different colors worldwide, and these special-colored varieties are the key to analyzing the coloring mechanism of blueberry fruit. Fruit color could be seen as an important nutritional quality trait in terms of marketing. In this study, a combination of transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses was performed on three representative blueberry varieties (‘Pink Popcorn’, ‘Chandler’, and ‘Black Pearl’) with pink, blue, and black fruits, respectively. The metabolomic results showed that the delphinium pigment is the dominant anthocyanin, which is the prerequisite for the formation of fruit color in blueberries. We identified 18 candidate structural genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway that were significantly up-regulated during three stages of fruit ripening in ‘Black Pearl’ and ‘Chandler’, but these were not found to be significantly expressed in ‘Pink Popcorn’ after combining the transcriptomic analysis results. The non-expression of the VcANS gene may lead to the pink color of the mature fruit of ‘Pink Popcorn’. The phylogenetic tree, heatmap analysis, and WGCNA analysis identified a candidate transcription factor, VcMYBA, which may regulate the differences between black and blue fruits in blueberries by regulating the expression level of multiple structural genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. These results provide new insights into the mechanisms of anthocyanin accumulation and coloration in blueberries during fruit ripening and can help support production practices to improve fruit quality characteristics. The key candidate genes that regulate the fruit color differences among different blueberry varieties have the potential to enhance the antioxidant properties and quality characteristics of blueberries through future genomic editing.

Morphological diversity in varieties of Catharanthus Roseus [L.] G. Don.

Catharanthus roseus is a prominent medicinal plant containing quantities expressive of alkaloids vincristine and vinblastine in its tissues. For this reason its use has been used in the treatment of cancer patients. Also it plays a significant role with use in floriculture, due to its variety of flower colors, because they are used more and more in landscaping projects. To potentiate its use, know its genetic diversity becomes important to optimization of the improvement of species. Thus, this work aimed to analyze the effect of 17 quantitative morphological variables to the distinction genotypes of C. roseus and to evaluate the genetic variability. Therefore, an experiment was carried out, evaluating ten commercial varieties of C. roseus, in greenhouse, in a randomized block design, with three replications. After 100 days of planting, the morphological profiles of the varieties were analyzed using image phenotyping. Through the analysis of genetic dissimilarity, the varieties were categorized into three groups, and the leaf traits were the ones that most contributed to this categorization. Therefore, the morphological characterization was efficient to characterize the phenotypic variability of the evaluated genotypes.

Stepwise phosphorescence energy transfer for NIR cell imaging based on macrocycle disaggregated amphiphile

A multicolor phosphorescence supramolecular system was constructed based on the complexation of amphiphile (G) and cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]). The guest G which was composed of hydrophobic coumarin and hydrophilic phosphor 6-bromoisoquinoline can aggregate in water and form large nanosheets accompanying bright fluorescence at 390 nm. After encapsulated by CB[8], the aggregation was prohibited and formed nanosheets with smaller size and the fluorescence peak at 390 nm decreased, meanwhile a phosphorescence peak at 550 nm appeared. Upon the adding of lower-rim dodecyl-modified sulfonatocalix[4]arene (SC4AD), the aggregation was disrupted and particles were formed which were a few 10s of nanometers in size. Subsequently, a stepwise high efficient phosphorescence energy transfer system with a variety of colors was constructed with rhodamine B (RhB) and Sulfo-Cyanine 5 (cy5)/Si-rhodamine (SiR) as acceptors. Finally, the multicolor phosphorescent supramolecular assembly was used to near-infrared cell imaging.

Tuning the visible colour of octahedral manganese(III) phthalocyanines via axial ligand exchange.

A series of [PcMnL2]SbF6 complexes (Pc = phthalocyanine) was synthesized and structurally characterized by stripping the chloride from PcMnCl with AgSbF6 in o-dichlorobenzene and adding a range of donor ligands (L = THF, pyridine, p-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), Ph3PO, N-methylimidazole (MeIm), MeCN) to the resulting solution. Addition of or exposure to water where L = heterocyclic amines yielded μ-oxo complexes of the form [PcMnL]2O, which were structurally characterized for L = DMAP and MeIm. The [PcMnL2]SbF6 complexes have an increased solubility in organic solvents, where the axial ligands inhibit the characteristic ring π-π aggregation of PcM complexes. A variety of colours were observed (blue/green to red/purple), with Q-band absorptions (excluding the μ-oxo species) spanning from 715-761 nm and LMCT-bands from 497-574 nm. The combination of the ligand-induced absorption shifts coupled with their relative intensities in the visible region is responsible for the observed colour range and illustrates that facile ligand exchange is a useful tool in producing materials with a variety of colours from PcMnCl.

ПИРОТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ СОСТАВЫ КРАСНО-СИНЕЙ ЦВЕТОВОЙ ГАММЫ

In civil pyrotechnics, great priority in the development of pyrotechnic compositions is given to fireworks compositions. Along with the main subjective characteristics of any fireworks display - colorfulness and entertainment, the variety of colors is important. Classically, the primary colors used in such pyrotechnic products are red, yellow, green and blue. However, the color palette of fireworks compositions is much wider and new color solutions are required to increase the entertainment value of firework displays. Of particular interest is the development of pyrotechnic compositions in the field of transitional colors. The most spectacular, and therefore the most popular and expensive, are fireworks of purple and violet shades, representing the red-blue color scheme: lilac, purple, violet. Currently, more than forty formulations of pyrotechnic compositions are known, which, when burned, formed flames of these shades. All these compositions are developed on the basis of the composition of red fire with the introduction of an additive that colors the flame blue. Using the example of the composition of lilac fire, the work shows the possibility of obtaining pyrotechnic tribes of transitional colors by mixing pyrotechnic compositions having different emission spectra. A new technology for these compositions has been proposed by rolling followed by molding by continuous pressing. It has been shown that the main color characteristics of compositions prepared using the new technology are not inferior to compositions processed using traditional powder technology. It has been established that the color characteristics of the flame obey the basic laws of mixing monochromatic radiation. The presented results of research into pyrotechnic compositions of red and blue colors based on cellulose nitrates, a copolymer of polyvinyl chloride with vinylacetate, as well as ammonium perchlorate, produced by blind and through pressing methods, can contribute to a significant expansion of the color range of pyrotechnic compositions, unification of technologies and reduction in the cost of fireworks.

A Study on the Potential Microplastic Removal in Water

Water pollution is one of the major types of pollution in this world. Water pollution refers to the contamination of water with hazardous substances or chemicals that are harmful to human health, animals, and plants. Plastic comes in a wide variety of sizes, forms, and colours. Plastics can be dumped into the environment as poorly managed garbage and have the potential to indiscriminately contaminate water. Therefore, this study is focusing on the microplastic pollutants removal from contaminated water. Microplastics can be treated and removed in wastewater treatment using a variety of techniques such as membrane filtrations, adsorption, electrocoagulation, photocatalyst and many more. This study aim is to ascertain how effective it is to remove microplastics using magnetic activated carbon that has been produced from agriculture waste. As for the result, the highest percentage removal is Polyethylene (PE) which is 89.05% compared to other microplastic samples which is percentage removal for Polystyrene (PS) is 85.79% and Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) is 86.53%.

The calendar of Spiraea flowering in the Mari El Republic

Spiraea are beautifully flowering shrubs that are valued for their high decorative value, a variety of bush shapes and flower colors, abundant flowering, unpretentiousness and high resistance. The exact dates of flowering may vary depending on the climatic conditions of region, so the study of flowering periods in a particular region of introduction is relevant. The purpose of the study was to determine the flowering dates of the species Spiraea in the Botanical Garden-Institute of the Volga State University of Technology (Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El Republic). The observations were carried out in 2023. The objects of the study were 56 species and varieties in the exhibition "Fruticetum". The duration of flowering was 3 months – from May 6 to August 5. In the period up to mid–June, mainly plants with white flowers bloomed, and only 2 species with pink ones – S. Billardii and S. Densiflora. Since the second half of June, the flowering of pink-colored Spireas has prevailed. The distribution of the studied Spiraea into groups with early, medium and late onset and end of flowering has been carried out. A flowering calendar has been compiled. The species S. corymbosa had the longest flowering (56 days), also long-bloomed S. Rubella, S. Latifolia, S. Bumalda and its cultivar 'Antony Waterer', S. Salicifolia and its cultivar 'Alba', S. Humilis, S. Lemoinei, S. Syringaeflora, S. Rosthornii. The data obtained are of value to specialists in the field of landscaping. A limited number of Spiraea species are used in the plantations of settlements of the Mari El Republic, and thanks to the extensive collection of Botanical Garden-Institute, it is possible to enrich the range of Spiraea in urban plantings.