Variation In Adoption Research Articles

Seasonal variation in hybrid seed adoption: The case of chilli in Indonesia

Chilli is one of important vegetables in Indonesia, which is produced all year long despite the seasonal variation. While seasonality in consumer demand and producer supply of agricultural commodities is well understood, relatively little is known regarding seasonal variation in adoption of farm technologies, such as hybrid seeds, whose effectiveness may vary across seasons. Hybrid seed adoption studies in developing countries tend to suffer from a problem of temporal aggregation where data is either (1) measured in a snapshot of time, in which case seasonal variation cannot be analysed, or; (2) aggregated over a year or multiple years, where cyclical seasonal variation is washed out. This study uncovers seasonal dynamics in hybrid seed demand by analysing the case of chilli in hybrid seed use by farmers will be critical for improving seed-system. Factor demand functions were estimated using a unique dataset of 597 chilli producers. The study tested for structural change in demand for hybrid seeds going from dry season to wet season and identify season-specific constraints to hybrid seed use. Results showed that hybrid seed adoption is likely associated with water supply, especially during dry seasons. The adoption of hybrid seed could be lower in irrigated land during the rainy season.

Practicing With Uncertainty: Kidney Transplantation During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic required transplant nephrologists, surgeons, and care teams to make decisions about the full spectrum of transplant program operations and clinical practices in the absence of experience or data. Initially, across the country, there was a reduction in kidney transplant procedures and a striking pause in the conduct of living donation and living-donor transplant surgeries. Aspects of candidate evaluation and follow-up rapidly converted to telehealth. Months into the pandemic, much has been learned from experiences worldwide, yet many questions remain. In this Perspective, we reflect on some of the practice decisions made by the transplant community in the initial response to the pandemic and consider lessons learned, including those related to the risks, benefits, and logistical considerations of proceeding with versus delaying deceased-donor transplantation, living donation, and living-donor transplantation during the pandemic. We review the evolution of therapeutic strategies for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and their use in transplant recipients, current consensus related to immunosuppression management in infected transplant recipients, and emerging information on vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. We share our thoughts on research priorities, discuss the areas in which we are still practicing with uncertainty, and look ahead to the next phase of the pandemic response.

"Together We Can Return to Balance"-Eastern Woodlands Native Perspectives and Type 2 Diabetes: A Qualitative Study.

To explore the perspectives of Eastern Woodlands Native people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in the context of health beliefs, T2DM disease self-management, and family and community connections. A qualitative descriptive method using face-to-face or telephonic semistructured interviews was employed with Native people ages 18 years or older who have a diagnosis of T2DM (N = 12) from an unidentified Eastern Woodlands tribe. The PEN-3 Cultural Model guided the study initially. The overarching theme "together we can return to balance" corresponded to 5 subthemes: coming to know life paths with T2DM, acknowledging the imbalance, negotiating my way forward, making important connections, and sticking closer to Mother Earth. Dimensions within the subthemes suggest why Native people may not be reaching T2DM treatment goals. Reasons include incomplete diabetes knowledge, difficulty accessing resources, and contextual variations in adoption of conventional diabetes treatments. This study identified themes from Native perspectives about T2DM self-management and about prospects that may mitigate incomplete knowledge and support. Integrating indigenous health and wellness knowledge with conventional principles of diabetes care presents several opportunities for nurses to advance diabetes self-management (DSM) education and support. Including Native health concepts when educating patients about DSM should be viewed as desirable for holistic family and community involvement that is central toward preventing disease progression.

International survey finds majority of gynecologists are not aware of and do not utilize ultrasound techniques to diagnose and map endometriosis.

International survey finds majority of gynecologists are not aware of and do not utilize ultrasound techniques to diagnose and map endometriosis.

Research Transparency Is on the Rise in Economics

This study provides a first assessment of awareness of, attitudes toward, perceived norms regarding, and adoption of open science practices within a broadly representative sample of active economics researchers. We observe a steep increase in adoption over the last decade, with an accelerating trend: as of 2017, 93 percent of economists had used at least one such practice--including posting data, sharing study materials, and study pre-registration--rising from 33 percent a decade earlier. We document extensive variation in adoption across economics subfields. Notably, most economists appear to underestimate the trend toward research transparency in the discipline.

Determinants of EVs adoption: a study on green behavior of consumers

PurposeThis study has a principal objective of exploring and analyzing the factors affecting adoption or acceptance of eco-friendly electric vehicles in India.Design/methodology/approachPrimary data were gathered through a predesigned questionnaire from 355 vehicle owners of Delhi using simple random sampling method. Statistical softwares like SPSS and AMOS were used to analyze the primary data collected for the study. Statistical techniques like exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were usesd to infer a meaningful conclusion from the investigation.FindingsThrough this study, a statistically significant relationship between environmental concern, knowledge of EV, subjective norm and attitude toward electric vehicle were investigated. Similarly attitude is responsible for a significant variation in adoption decision.Practical implicationsThe findings of the present study underscore the requirement for marketers to build up a systematic strategy for easier adoption of electric vehicles in India. On account of this, this study developed a model of potential determinants of adoption decision toward EVs in India, based on statistically significant evidences.Originality/valueThis study adds to the body of literature by exploring and testing the factors affecting the adoption of eco-friendly products like electric vehicle that were not emphasized earlier in Indian context and second by growing theoretically consistent operationalization for the marketing of electric vehicles. These upgrades brought about a last model with an unrivaled illustrative power.

Acceptance of Sharīʿah‐compliant precious metal‐backed cryptocurrency as an alternative currency: An empirical validation of adoption of innovation theory

In the crypto world, there is a proverbial (and literal) gold rush now occurring. Currently, more than 37 gold‐backed cryptocurrency companies have now emerged. Interestingly, some of them also claim to be Sharīʿah‐compliant. Introducing precious metal‐backed cryptocurrencies is perceived to be an innovation among global payment systems, hampered in part by lack of supporting empirical evidence. Therefore, this research investigates potential users' tendency to adopt a Sharīʿah‐compliant precious metal‐backed cryptocurrency. As such, this study adopts an extended adoption model, which consists of eight factors. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM) analysis was conducted on data elicited from economic active residents in Klang Valley from questionnaires. Overall, it was found six out of the eight constructs specified to influence the adoption of precious metal‐backed cryptocurrency were statistically significant where 54.5% of the variation in adoption of PMBC can be explained by the structure model provided by this research. It was also found 63.55% of the respondents are willing to adopt precious metal‐backed cryptocurrency in their future transactions.

State Preemption of Local Authority: Explaining Patterns of State Adoption of Preemption Measures

Abstract State preemption of local policymaking has attracted increasing attention from scholars, public officials, and citizens, as states have prevented local governments from boosting the minimum wage, regulating firearms, and barring certain forms of discrimination, among other policies. Although scholars have examined the legal dimensions of state preemption and analyzed preemption in specific areas, we lack a comprehensive account of which states have adopted preemption laws and why some states are more active than others in adopting them. Using a dataset drawing on preemption legislation in seventeen policy areas, we test support for competing explanations for variation in adoption of state preemption measures. Our general conclusion is that political factors are more significant than institutional features in explaining state preemption activity. More specifically, and consistent with expectations, we find preemption measures are more likely to be adopted by Republican-controlled states. We also find that legislative professionalism, political culture, and home-rule status are correlated with the prevalence of preemption measures.

Strategic Anticipation and En Banc Oversight Procedures in the U.S. Courts of Appeals

The U.S. Courts of Appeals must ordinarily convene en banc to overturn circuit law. However, roughly half of the circuit courts have adopted an alternative, less costly procedure, the informal en banc, where three-judge panels may overturn precedent with approval of the full circuit. This article leverages variation in adoption and implementation of this institution to analyze the implications of ex post oversight mechanisms for ex ante panel decision making. The evidence suggests that the informal en banc substantially reduces the impact of ideology on panel decision making, providing new evidence that lower court judges strategically alter their behavior in anticipation of potential override by circuit colleagues.

An integrated framework for the adoption and continuance intention to use mobile payment apps

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop and test an integrated model of the modified technology readiness index (TRI) with the extended expectation-confirmation model, in the context of information technology (E-ECM-IT) to explain the adoption and the intention to continue to use mobile payment applications (apps). Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 426 users of mobile payment apps across South Africa. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed to validate the factor structure of the measurement items while structural equation modelling was employed to validate the proposed model and testing the hypotheses. Findings The overall model explained 81 per cent of variance in adoption and 78.5 per cent in the intention to continue to use mobile payment services. “Drivers” were better predictors of adoption than “inhibitors” while satisfaction emerged as the strongest predictor of continuance intentions. Originality/value To the best knowledge of the authors, this study is the first to empirically test an integrated modified TRI and E-ECM-IT model to supplement the paucity of research on the topic. The results show that the integrated model provides an enhanced way to understand the factors that influence adoption and continuance intention towards mobile payment apps. The results also add to existing knowledge of mobile technology literature.

Minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy for pancreatic cystic neoplams and localized solid tumors: variation in utilization and potential as a quality measure

Background: Minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy (MIDP) has been demonstrated to be a technically feasible and oncologically sound alternative to open distal pancreatectomy (ODP) for pancreatic cystic neoplasms and localized solid tumors, including pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNET). However, it is unknown which patients are being selected for MIDP or the extent to which hospitals are adopting this approach. The objectives of this study were to (1) identify patient-level factors associated with utilization of MIDP, (2) describe hospital-level variation in utilization of MIDP, and (3) compare outcomes between ODP and MIDP for cystic lesions and early stage solid tumors. Methods: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Pancreas Targeted Data File was used to identify patients from 2014-2017 who underwent distal pancreatectomy for pancreatic cysts (serous cystadenomas, mucinous cystadenomas, and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms), Stage I PDAC, or Stage I PNET. Surgical approach was categorized as OPD or MIDP (laparoscopic or robotic). Outcomes of interest included unplanned conversion of MIDP to OPD, postoperative length of stay, and a composite outcome of death or serious morbidity (DSM). Associations between patient factors, surgical approach, and postoperative complications were assessed by risk-adjusted hierarchical multivariable logistic regression. Hospital-level utilization of MIDP was calculated to assess institutional variability in surgical approach. Results: Analysis identified 3,276 patients undergoing distal pancreatectomy at 141 hospitals. Overall, 55.1% of patients had pancreatic cysts, 12.0% had Stage I PDAC, and 32.9% had Stage I PNET. ODP was performed in 37.3% of cases (35.6% of cyst cases, 61.6% of PDAC cases, and 31.4% of PNET cases), while 62.7% were MIDP (of which 76.1% were laparoscopic and 23.9% were robotic). The rate of unplanned conversion to open during MIDP was 11.8% (12.1% laparoscopic, 10.8% robotic, p = 0.700). Patients were more likely to undergo MIDP if they were <55 years old (66.6% vs 56.4% if ≥75; aOR 1.34, 95%CI [1.08-1.67]) or had a BMI≥30 (67.1% vs 57.8%, aOR 1.34, 95%CI [1.11-1.62]). Patients were less likely to undergo MIDP if they had PDAC pathology (38.4% vs 66.0% for PNET; aOR 0.33, 95%CI [0.25-0.44]). There was significant variation in hospital-level MIDP utilization (range: 0% to 100% of cases, Figure). Only 36.9% of hospitals attempted MIPD on at least 75% of patients with localized neoplasms. Similar to previous studies, length of stay was significantly shorter following MIDP (5.4 vs 7.2 days, p<0.001), and patients were significantly less likely to experience DSM following MIDP (16.2% vs 20.1%; aOR 0.74, 95%CI [0.62-0.89]). There was no difference in DSM between cystic neoplasms (DSM 17.2%), PDAC (DSM 18.0%), and PNET (DSM 18.0%; p = 0.519). Conclusion: Despite being a safe alternative to ODP with fewer complications and shorter length of stay, MIDP is still underutilized even in cases of cystic neoplasms and localized solid pancreatic tumors. While some patient-level factors are associated with use of MIDP, hospital variation in adoption of MIPD appears to be the principal driver of utilization and should be the primary focus of strategies to increase its uptake. In addition to short-term and oncologic outcome measures, hospital-level MIPD rates in appropriate patients could be utilized as a measure of hospital quality to both improve patient outcomes and encourage adoption of minimally invasive techniques.

The power of public procurement: social equity and sustainability as externalities and as deliberate policy tools

Cities in the USA are facing the impacts of climate change and socio-economic disparities on a daily basis. In response, local governments are leading other public and even private organisations on sustainability efforts in general and in sustainable procurement in particular. The research on what drives a local government's involvement in sustainable procurement is scarce. This study analyses survey responses from 207 US regional and local governments to create a model analysing organisational, regional socio-economic, and regional demographic variables and demonstrates that political leanings, degree of professionalisation, and access to decision makers are the most significant predictors of variance in adoption of sustainable procurement practices. We conclude that ethical spending of public dollars to achieve sustainable outcomes (i.e., sustainable procurement) is more likely to be influenced by the political leanings of the population than by the capacity of the local government to institute and enforce sustainable practices.

A multivariate analysis of the determinants for adoption and use of the Document Workflow Management System in Botswana’s public sector

Governments in Africa are spending significant funds in their drive towards putting public business processes and services online. Although this drive has different names, such as electronic government (e-government), open government and open data, the motivation is hinged upon achieving overall efficiency and effectiveness in public services and is based on the notion of freedom of information. In Botswana’s public services, diverse interventions are being put in place to facilitate business automation and electronic records management. The then-Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI), now Ministry of Investment, Trade and Industry (MITI), has joined the drive by implementing the Document Workflow Management System (DWMS) as an e-records management system. This study probes the determinant factors influencing meaningful adoption and usage of the DWMS for effective records and information management within MITI. Multivariate analysis is employed to understand which factors have the highest variance in adoption and use of the DWMS. The study utilises the adapted Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) as the conceptual framework in its design. Quantitative data was collected from a population of sixty-one officers, from which fifty-three (86.9%) responses were received and included in the analysis. Effort expectancy, behavioural intention, social influences and facilitating conditions were the key determinants for adoption and use accounting for 55% of variance. The study identifies to what degree each of the potent factors contribute to adoption and use of the DWMS at MITI. The major limitation of this study is that it was impossible to identify all the factors influencing behaviour intention, as human behaviour is difficult to measure. Other unidentified factors account for 45% of variance not accounted for by the predictor factors. This is an indication that there is a need for an in-depth study, preferably a longitudinal study, that critically probes the factors of technology adoption in work processes by a large set of individuals in a developing world context.

Adoption and child protection trends for children aged under five in England: Increasing investigations and hidden separation of children from their parents

This study provides an analysis of the ‘investigative turn’ in England by comparing two large cohorts of children, one whose fifth birthday was in 2011–12 and the other in 2016–17. It shows a 35% increase in children investigated before their fifth birthday to a rate of one in every 16 children in 2017. Investigations were less likely to lead to a child protection plan and there was a 60% increase in children facing the collateral damage of an unfounded investigation. Where it was deemed necessary to respond to child protection concerns with a plan of action concerns were focussed less on immediate safety and more on the long-term effects of neglect or emotional harm caused by a range of family related problems. The rate of children separated from their parents at the age of five had substantially increased and there were wide variations in adoption and child protection trends between local authorities. The study shows that the chances of a family receiving support or being split up are determined by national and local policies, resources and a growing culture of child rescue responses to family difficulties.

Examining the variation in local water sustainability practices

As sustainable development is becoming more important to ensure the economic success and social well-being of any government, without regard to its level, the efficient use and protection of natural resources has increased in importance. And local governments are at the forefront of developing sustainability policy in many ways. This study investigates the factors that influence the variation in local sustainability practices in one critical area, water conservation. The variation in adoption of water sustainability programs in municipalities across the U.S. is hypothesized to rely on three key factors: environmental condition, form of government, and fiscal condition. Our findings from an ordered logistic regression model indicate that municipalities with high drought level, high environmental policy priorities, and high community wealth are likely to adopt more water conservation programs.

Drone usage by militant groups: exploring variation in adoption

ABSTRACTJudging by recent media reporting and pronouncements by senior US military and security officials, the use of drones by militant groups is both reshaping conflict between armed non-state actors and state parties and now presents a grave and direct threat to nations in the West and elsewhere. But does this threat warrant the attention it is currently receiving? To answer this question, this article surveys how various militant groups have used drones both tactically on the battlefield and for wider strategic purposes. Closely examining how drones have been employed and by whom provides a basis for understanding variation in adoption. The article shows how drone usage or non-usage is highly contingent on the setting of the conflict, the aims of different groups, and the capacity of groups to adopt the technology. Though advances in drone technology could make the use-case more appealing for militant groups, drones will be subject to the same back-and-forth, techno-tactical adaptation dynamic between adversaries that have accompanied prior military innovations.

Unlocking Clients

We investigate the importance of client relationships in the financial advisory industry. We exploit firm-level variation in adoption of the Broker Protocol, which enabled clients to follow their advisers to member firms without fear of litigation. We show that advisers’ ability to maintain client relationships is a significant predictor of their employment decisions; that about 40% of client assets follow advisers when they move; and that once clients are unlocked, firms become less willing to fire advisers for misconduct. Firms that unlock their clients subsequently experience higher levels of misconduct and increase their fees, calling into question whether clients are better off.

Situatedness and Variations in Student Adoption of Technology Practices: Towards a Critical Techno-Pedagogy

Situatedness and Variations in Student Adoption of Technology Practices: Towards a Critical Techno-Pedagogy

The Impact of Tobacco-Free School Laws on Student and Staff Smoking Behavior

A number of US states have enacted bans on tobacco use by students, staff, and visitors anywhere on the grounds of public elementary and secondary schools statewide. These laws are intended to reduce tobacco use, reduce exposure to secondhand smoke, reinforce anti-tobacco curricula taught in schools, and prevent children from viewing their teachers and fellow students using tobacco products. We examine the impact that the laws have on the smoking behavior of students, teachers, and other school staff by estimating difference-in-differences models that exploit the time variation in adoption of the laws across states. We generally find that these laws do not impact smoking behavior, although we do find some evidence suggesting a possible effect on nonteaching school staff.

Tracking researchers and their outputs: new insights from ORCIDs

The ability to accurately identify scholarly authors is central to bibliometric analysis. Efforts to disambiguate author names using algorithms or national or societal registries become less effective with increases in the number of publications from China and other nations where shared and similar names are prevalent. This work analyzes the adoption and integration of an open source, cross-national identification system, the Open Researcher and Contributor ID system (ORCID), in Web of Science metadata. Results at the article level show greater adoption, to date, of the ORCID identifier in Europe as compared with Asia and the US. Focusing analysis on individual highly cited researchers with the shared Chinese surname Wang, results indicate limitations in the adoption of ORCID. The mechanisms for integrating ORCID identifiers into articles also come into question in an analysis of co-authors of one particular highly cited researcher who have varying percentages of articles with ORCID identifiers attached. These results suggest that systematic variations in adoption and integration of ORCID into publication metadata should be considered in any bibliometric analysis based on it.