Variation Of Light Intensity Research Articles

Adaptive photoperiod interpretation modulates phenological timing in Atlantic salmon

Photoperiod, the portion of 24-h cycle during which an organism is exposed to illumination, is an important phenological cue in many animals. However, despite its influence on critical biological processes, there remain many unknowns regarding how variations in light intensity translate into perceived photoperiod. This experiment examined how light intensity variations affect perceived photoperiod in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to determine whether photoperiod interpretation is, a) fixed such that anything above a minimum detection threshold is regarded as ‘illumination’, or b) adaptive and varies with recent light exposure. To do this we compared the frequency of smoltification and sexual maturation between groups of male parr which were exposed to one of eight light regimes on a 12:12 cycling regime (12-hour day/12-hour night). The eight regimes were divided into two treatments, four with ‘High’ daytime light intensity and four with ‘Low’ daytime light intensity. The ‘High' and ‘Low' intensity treatments were each sub-divided into four groups for which the subjective ‘night’ light intensity was 100%, 10%, 1% and 0% of the daytime light intensity, with four replicate tanks of each treatment. The results show that above a minimum detection threshold, Atlantic salmon have adaptive photoperiod interpretation which varies with recent light exposure, and that adaptive photoperiod interpretation modulates the timing of the parr-smolt transformation and sexual maturation. Further, we show that photoperiod interpretation varies between closely related families. Given the influence of phenological timing on species survival, our results reveal a critical role for integration of photoperiod interpretation in attempts to understand how geographically shifting thermal niches due to climate change will affect future populations.

Pixel‐Level Grayscale Manipulation to Improve Accuracy in Digital Light Processing 3D Printing

AbstractDigital light processing (DLP) is a widely used additive manufacturing technique for functional applications due to its high accuracy and print speeds. However, a variety of factors such as pixel size, motion stage resolution, optical focus, and chemical properties of the resin limit DLP's minimum resolution. Recently, research into locally varying light intensities has led to the emergence of grayscale DLP printing, which offers new capabilities including sub‐pixel manipulation of the printed shape. Here, a methodology is developed to enhance accuracy beyond what is typically capable for a given projector resolution by using pixel‐level grayscale control to create round features from sharp pixels. A numerical representation of the DLP pixel shape is developed to account for the effects of the incident light patterns. A reaction‐diffusion model is then used to predict the printed shapes before and after grayscale enhancement. This model is used to determine the optimal pixel intensities to match a target shape. Finally, the minimum feature size allowed by the proposed method is explored. The promising results represent an important step forward in raising DLP printing to higher accuracy, which will allow the fabrication of functional and structural components with smaller features or smoother faces.

Bistable Reflection Assisted by Fano Resonance in DMDMW With Low-Threshold and Large Modulation Depth

Owing to an additional thinner planar waveguide with micron scale is attracted to the symmetrical metal cladding waveguide (SMCW) with sub-millimeter scale, the interference interaction between different Q-value guided modes would generate a Fano reflectivity curve. In our double metal-dielectric-metal waveguides (DMDMW) structure, a Kerr nonlinear medium is located in the guiding layer of the SMCW where the excited oscillating wave is enormously enhanced. Numerical calculations show that a minute variation of the incident light intensity will give rise to a change in the dielectric constant of the Kerr nonlinear medium and lead to positive feedback. A bistable reflection can be achieved with a low threshold and a large modulation depth because of the sharpness and the asymmetricity of the Fano reflectivity curve.

Economic operation strategy of integrated hydrogen energy system considering the uncertainty of PV power output

To address the negative influence caused by power randomness of distributed PV output on energy system’s economic operation, in this work, an economic operation strategy considering the uncertainty features of PV output has been designed and applied on an integrated hydrogen energy system. First, the thermal system operation model and the thermoelectric output control model are precisely built for the integrated hydrogen energy system and the hydrogen-based fuel cell, respectively. Then, referring to the PV output prediction data, the uncertainty of light intensity variation is analyzed to correct the PV output prediction curve. Finally, a cost–benefit model for the optimal economic operation of the integrated hydrogen energy system including PV, hydrogen fuel cell and cogeneration unit is designed with an objective function of achieving an optimal economic operation of the multi-energy coupling devices. The simulation tests validate that considering the influence of PV output uncertainty on hydrogen fuel cell output can make the system operation more reasonable, which ensures the economic and reliable operation of hydrogen energy systems.

Light Intensity Alters the Growth and Quality of Volatile Components from Hexane Extracts of Hyptis suaveolens (Family Lamiaceae): A Medicinal Plant

Aim: This study was carried out to investigate the impact of light intensity on plant growth and n-hexane extracts of the leaves of Hyptis suaveolens. Materials and Methods: Plants were subjected to full sunlight (FS, 58753 lux), medium light intensity (MLI, 35880 lux) and low light intensity (LLI, 1250 lux) and were grown in loamy soil for 16 weeks. The parameters investigated include leaf area, shoot and root weight, number of leaves, Net Assimilation Rate (NAR), Leaf Area Ratio (LAR), Relative Growth Rate (RGR), type and amount of volatile components from n-hexane extract present in the leaves, using GC-MS. Results: There were mostly slight differences in the growth parameters but consistently the plants subjected to FS showed highest growth rate followed by those subjected to MLI. The dry weight roots of LLI plants, were significantly lower than the other treatments at p = 0.05 and these plants did not flower. Though there were only slight differences between the growth parameters of plants subjected to different light intensities, type and quantity of volatile compounds varied markedly. Volatile compounds like Ar-Abietatriene and 1-Phenanthrenemethanol were present under the three varying light intensities. Furthermore, LLI induced the highest concentration of 1-Phenanthrenemethanol than the other treatments, while FS induced the highest concentration of Ar-Abietatriene. Though full sunlight improved the growth of plants, the number of volatile compounds increased with decreasing light intensity from 7 to 12 compounds in the n-hexane extracts. Conclusion: This report shows that low light intensity increases the volatile compounds of Hyptis suaveolens markedly and this could enhance its antimicrobial activity.

Light effects on seedling growth in simulated forest canopy gaps vary across species from different successional stages

Tropical forests continue to suffer from various kinds of disturbances in the Anthropocene. An immediate impact of disturbances on forest ecosystems is the creation of numerous large and small canopy gaps, which dramatically affect forest structure and function. Yet, we know little about the effect of canopy gaps on forest successional trajectory. More specifically, the responses of seedlings from different successional stages to increased light intensity under large and small canopy gaps in understory remain unclear. In this study, dominant tree seedlings from early-, mid-, and late-successional stages were selected, respectively from a tropical montane forest in Hainan Island, China to study their growth rate, biomass and traits. Our results showed that the light condition under small canopy gaps (SG, 10–15% of full sunlight) and large canopy gaps (LG, 40–50% of full sunlight) induced greater increment of relative growth rates for seedlings from early- and mid-successional stages relative to that in late-successional stage. Both SG and LG also significantly increased photosynthesis rate, leaf area (LA), light saturation point (LSP), root mass ratio (RMR) and root: shoot ratio, but decreased specific leaf area (SLA) of seedlings across successional stages. Tree seedlings from the early-successional stage displayed the greatest decrease in leaf mass ratio, increase in LA, LSP, and RMR, in comparison to those from mid- and late- successional stages. Light condition and SLA were the most important factors for seedlings’ relative growth rate across successional stages. SLA connected the interaction between the light condition and successional stage on seedlings’ growth, thereby jointly explaining the 93% variation of seedlings’ growth, combining with area-based light saturated rate of CO2 assimilation. Our study highlights the distinct effect of disturbance-induced canopy gaps on seedling regeneration in the understory in tropical forest due to the variation of light intensity. We suspect that the seedlings from late-successional stage will recover relatively slow after disturbances causing canopy losses, which can have detrimental impacts on structure feature and successional trajectory in tropical forest, as well as forest-based ecosystem services.

Influence of Ambient Day Light Variations and Age on the Iris-pupillary Area Ratio in Beef Cattle

Introduction: Iris-pupillary area ratio (IPR) is an objective and non-invasive index of autonomic nervous system activity and stress, which can be confounded by light intensity or age of an individual. Evaluating the influence of ambient light intensity variations or age on IPR is necessary to improve the validity of IPR for its clinical application in objective assessment of welfare and stress. Materials and Methods: In this study we evaluated the influence of ambient light intensity variations and age on IPR in beef cattle breeds (Limousin, Belgian Blue and Charolais) and analysed the data using correlation statistics. Results: The correlation between the light intensity (20 to 500 lux; r = 0.22, p = 0.08) or age (10 to 145 months, r = 0.20, p = 0.12) and IPR was weak and statistically not significant. A sub-group analysis assessing the influence of gender on correlation between the light intensity and IPR also was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Our results suggest that within the ambient light intensity (20 to 500 lux) and age (10 to 145 months) the variation in IPR is minimal. Hence our results validate the merit of IPR in objectively measuring autonomic activity/stress and demonstrate the practicality of using IPR for welfare assessment under ambient light conditions in wider age cohorts of beef cattle.

Plasticity of Arabidopsis rosette transcriptomes and photosynthetic responses in dynamic light conditions.

With the high variability of natural growth environments, plants exhibit flexibility and resilience in regard to the strategies they employ to maintain overall fitness, including maximizing light use for photosynthesis, while simultaneously limiting light-associated damage. We measured distinct parameters of photosynthetic performance of Arabidopsis thaliana plants under dynamic light regimes. Plants were grown to maturity then subjected to the following 5-day (16 h light, 8h dark) regime: Day 1 at constant light (CL) intensity during light period, representative of a common lab growth condition; Day 2 under sinusoidal variation in light intensity (SL) during the light period that is representative of changes occurring during a clear sunny day; Day 3 under fluctuating light (FL) intensity during the light period that simulates sudden changes that might occur with the movements of clouds in and out of the view of the sun; Day 4, repeat of CL; and Day 5, repeat of FL. We also examined the global transcriptome profile in these growth conditions based on obtaining RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data for whole plant rosettes. Our transcriptomic analyses indicated downregulation of photosystem I (PSI) and II (PSII) associated genes, which were correlated with elevated levels of photoinhibition as indicated by measurements of nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ), energy-dependent quenching (qE), and inhibitory quenching (qI) under both SL and FL conditions. Furthermore, our transcriptomic results indicated downregulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis associated genes, coupled with reduced levels of chlorophyll under both SL and FL compared with CL, as well as downregulation of photorespiration-associated genes under SL. We also noticed an enrichment of the stress response gene ontology (GO) terms for genes differentially regulated under FL when compared with SL. Collectively, our phenotypic and transcriptome analyses serve as useful resources for probing the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with plant acclimation to rapid light intensity changes in the natural environment.

Comprehensive high-throughput screening of photopolymerization under light intensity variation using inline NMR monitoring

Continuous flow chemistry offers an exceptionally high degree of operational flexibility to handle photochemical transformations.

Stability analysis of nano-dispersed food biocolour extracted from coconut milk as a substrate by using yeast (Xanthophyllomyces dendrorus)

Food color plays a prominent role in the sensory evaluation of any food materials; because of this it affects the uniqueness, desirability, and palatability of food. Properties such as easy synthesis and costeffectiveness made synthetic colors used more in different kinds of food. Many synthetic dyes have been causing several adverse effects and toxic diseases including Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), hyper-allergenicity, food allergies, depression, headaches, carcinogenicity, migraines, and other toxicological issues like issues related to children's behavior. This has been a driving force for many food technologists all over the world to show interest in replacing synthetic colors with natural colorants as per the market demand as well as clean-label product promotion. Biocolors are not only color foods but also have medical and therapeutic effects. They are derived from natural sources including plants, animals, algae, fungi, and insects that can impart certain colors to foods. Microorganisms are classified as a highly significant source for biocolour production due to their merits like durability, availability, labor, cost-effectiveness, productivity, and simple downstream processing in comparison with plants. Coconut milk was used as the substrate for biocolour preparation by using yeast(Xanthophyllomyces dendrorus), where maximum biomass yield was 5.15±0.096 g/L, extracted colour (astaxanthin) yield of 0.84±0.024 g/L and maximum nano-dispersed color yield 0.83±0.024g shows efficiency more than 90% was produced. The Nano-dispersed color incubated under conditions including varied light intensities or conditions, different pH, and different temperatures were observed with degradation of biocolour with p<0.01 high significance.

A Sensor With Coating Pt/WO Powder With an Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier to Detect the Hydrogen Concentration

A highly sensitive hydrogen sensor (HS) coated with Pt/WO3 powder with an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The sensing head is constructed by splicing a short Section of tapered small-diameter coreless fiber (TSDCF diameter of 62.5 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and tapered to 14.5 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) between two single-mode fibers (SMFs). The Pt/WO3 powder adheres to the surface of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film coated on the TSDCF structure, which is sensitive to hydrogen. An EDFA is introduced into the sensor system to improve the quality factor ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${Q}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -factor) of the output spectrum and thus improve the sensor’s resolution. As the hydrogen concentration varies from 0% to 1.44%, the measured maximum light intensity variation and the sensor’s sensitivity are −32.41 dB and −21.25 dB/%, respectively. The sensor demonstrates good stability with the light intensity fluctuation of < 1.26 dB over a 30-min duration.

Mitigation of lamp oven and cavity oven temperature-induced frequency variation in rubidium atomic clock.

The long-term frequency stability of the rubidium atomic clock is primarily affected by temperature variations in the lamp oven and the cavity oven, which cause changes in light intensity, which are then converted into frequency variations. Therefore, we propose using light intensity variations to actively improve the cavity oven and lamp oven temperature sensitivity of the rubidium atomic clock. This is accomplished through research into the theory of the rubidium atomic frequency standard, specifically the effect of light intensity, lamp oven temperature, and cavity oven temperature on the frequency deviation. In previous work, we discovered the relationship between the light intensity and frequency deviation by combining this with our engineering expertise. Furthermore, some related experiments show that the method is feasible with the lamp oven and cavity oven temperature sensitivity of the rubidium atomic clock greatly improved, providing an effective way to improve the rubidium atomic clock's long-term frequency stability.

Paper based radiochromic film for the detection and measurement of therapeutic radiation doses in radiotherapy: A preliminary study

Radiotherapy is an effective and complex treatment modality for the ablation of malignant tumors. Despite several technological advances, precise determination of the radiation dose delivered to the tumor and its neighbouring healthy tissues remains a challenge. This work focuses on the synthesis and characterisation of a symmetrically substituted diacetylene which is coated on a paper to function as a radiochromic film. The paper-based film exhibits distinct color change from white to varying shades of blue from the 0.5–20 Gy dose range administered in radiotherapy. The difference in the color intensity of the radiochromic film is used as a quantitative indicator of the radiation dose delivered. A comprehensive evaluation of general optical characteristics, dosimetric properties and stability of the dose response is performed. The prepared film is tissue-equivalent with weak dependence on dosimetric parameters like energy, dose rate and dose accumulation. It can be stored under normal room conditions as the influence of variation in temperature, light intensity and post irradiation time was found to be <2%. The uncertainty in the dose response based on the calibration curve was found to be 2.74%. The therapeutic range of radiation dose detection, facile fabrication and implementation of this radiochromic film can be potentially translated into different radiotherapy clinical applications.

Unraveling C-phycocyanin extraction by dark incubation from marine cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya valderiana

The sustainable production of C-phycocyanin (C-PC) has accelerated the evolution from a chemical to a green paradigm. Thus, the current study investigated green C-PC extraction using a renewable source such as water as solvent from a marine cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya valderiana BDU 41001 without any chemical treatment by employing the dark incubation at room temperature (25 °C). The effects of different drying methods and standardization of two vital cultural parameters, such as variation in light intensity and salt concentration, were studied for an effective C-PC yield. Wet biomass was found to be the best for C-PC extraction (76 mg g−1) with a food-grade purity (∼0.8), which was further purified up to a reagent grade (∼2.8) using ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by dialysis. C-PC yield from L. valderiana was enhanced by ∼1.2 and ∼1.3-fold under 60 μmol photon m −2 s −1 light intensity and 8.33 g L −1 NaCl treatment, respectively, indicating the necessity for adjusting the culture condition for augmentation of C-PC accumulation. Studies on the stability of C-PC at various temperatures, pH levels, and preservatives showed that a concentration of 97% could be maintained at 5 °C for 30 days with 2% sodium chloride addition. As a final point, the cost comparison of the extraction process to the present market value of C-PC predicted that implementing such a simple green extraction procedure could generate >1500-fold higher earnings. Thus, the findings of the current study contribute towards low-cost green extraction of C-PC for establishing a feasible cyanobacterial biorefinery.

Secure Food-Allergen Determination by Combining Smartphone-Based Raw Image Analyses and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for the Quantification of Proteins Contained in Lateral Flow Assays.

The current food safety testing system, based on laboratory-based quantification, is difficult to scale up in line with the growth in the export market and does not enable traceability through the nodes of the food supply system. Screening assays, for example, lateral flow assays (LFAs), can improve traceability but often lack the required reliability to guarantee compliance. Here, we present an alternative pipeline for secure on-site compliance testing, using allergens as a case study. The pipeline features smartphone-driven LFA quantification and an liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method enabling direct quantification of the allergens contained in the LFA. The system enables swift and objective screening and provides a control measure to verify LFA assay reliability. For the smartphone assay, 8-bit RGB and grayscale colorimetric channels were compared with 16-bit raw intensity values. The latter outperformed RGB and grayscale channels in sensitivity, repeatability, and precision, while ratiometric ambient light correction resulted in excellent robustness for light-intensity variation. Calibration curves for peanut determination using two commercial LFAs featured excellent analytical parameters (R2 = 0.97-0.99; RSD 7-1%; LOD 3-7 ppm). Gluten determination with a third commercial LFA was equally established. A prediction error of 13 ± 11% was achieved for the best performing assay. Good performance-calibration curves (R2 = 0.93-0.99) and CVs (<15%)- were observed for the analyte quantification from the LFA by LC-MS. The LOD for the LC-MS assay was 0.5 ppm, well below the LODs reported for the LFAs. This method creates a digital, fast, and secure food safety compliance testing paradigm that can benefit the industry and consumer alike.

Effect of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BA) and Paclobutrazol (PBZ) with Light Intensity Variations for Cherry Tomatoes In vitro Flowering

Utilization of Solanum lycopersicum L. and its varieties contribute to plant biotechnology to study the effect of genes and flower transition events. This study aims to optimize media and light intensity for in vitro flowering of a cherry tomato variety. Induction of flowering was carried out using seven types of media combined with 3 light intensities, followed by feeding by adding liquid medium MS+PBZ 1 mg/L. A positive response is shown at the light intensity of 2,600 lux; there are 5 explants that have flower buds. The percentage of flower buds for each treatment combination was 50% from two replications. The first shoots occurred at 142 days after planting (DAP) on explants grown on media containing 0.5 mg/L BA, 0.75 mg/L PBZ, with feeding treatment. It can also be assumed that the emergence of flower buds occurred not because of the PGR induction treatment, but because at that time the explants had entered the generative phase, considering that the plantlets had been growing for a long time. Although the effects of BA and PBZ have not been confirmed, the use of 2,600 lux light appears to be the best condition for cherry tomato in vitro flowering induction.

Physiological responses of cowpea simultaneously exposed to water deficit stress and varying light intensities at vegetative and reproductive growth stages

A combination of stresses as it occurs on the field poses more challenges to crop production than individual stress. Crops’ response to single stress also differs from that of combined stresses. The morpho-physiological responses of two cowpea varieties (IT89KD-288 and IT99K573-1-1) to a combination of stresses (water deficit stress and high light intensity) were investigated at different growth stages. Three levels of light intensities (L3: 259 Lux- 36%, L2: 394 Lux-55% and L1: 710.2 Lux-100%) were imposed using one, two and zero layer(s) of the net, respectively, while, water deficit stress at four levels (W1: no water stress; 0-5 bars, W2: moderate water stress; 5-15 bars, W3: moderately-severe; 15-40 bars and W4: severe water stress; 40 -70 bars) was imposed differently at vegetative and reproductive growth stages. Data were collected on the cowpea yield, Leaf Temperature (LT), Chlorophyll (C), Photosynthesis (P), Stomatal Conductance (SC) and Canopy Transpiration Rate (CTR). Exposure to W4 under L1 considerably reduced cowpea yield by 80% compared to those grown under L3 and full watering. Reduced light intensity enhanced cowpea grain yield irrespective of water deficit stress and IT89KD-288 was superior to IT99K573-1-1. Reduction in light intensity also increased the SC from 55.18 in L1 to 76.88 in 36 % L3. Full light intensity without water stress (100% light intensity), increased C content, while severe water stress reduced the C content and CTR. Photosynthesis was, however, reduced under low light intensity compared to 100% light intensity. It was also observed that water deficit stress imposed at the reproductive stage did not affect P, CTR and SC unlike that of the vegetative stage. In conclusion, reduced light intensity enhanced cowpea tolerance to water deficit and increased yield. Cowpea response was dependent on growth stage, variety and severity of stress.

Rhizosphere inoculation of Nicotiana benthamiana with Trichoderma harzianum TRA1-16 in controlled environment agriculture: Effects of varying light intensities on the mutualism-parasitism interaction.

Trichoderma spp., a genus of fast-growing and highly adaptable fungi that form symbiotic relationships with plant roots, rendering them ideal for practical use in controlled environment agriculture. Herein, this paper aims to understand how the Nicotiana benthamiana with inoculation of Trichoderma harzianum strain TRA1-16 responds to light intensity variation. Pot experiments were conducted under low and high light intensities (50 and 150 μmol·m-2·s-1, respectively) and microbial treatments. Plant growth, physio-biochemical attributes, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and phytohormones regulation were investigated. The results showed that for non-inoculated plants, the reduction in light intensity inhibited plant growth, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) uptake, chlorophyll a/b, and carotenoid content. Trichoderma inoculation resulted in 1.17 to 1.51 times higher concentrations of available N and P in the soil than the non-inoculated group, with higher concentrations at high light intensity. Plant height, dry weight, nutrient uptake, and antioxidant activity were significantly increased after inoculation (p<0.05). However, the growth-promoting effect was less effective under low light conditions, with lower plant height and P content in plants. We suggested that when the light was attenuated, the mutualism of the Trichoderma turned into parasitism, slowing the growth of the host plant. The application of fungal inoculation techniques for plant growth promotion required coordination with appropriate light complementation. The mechanisms of coordination and interaction were proposed to be incorporated into the biological market theory.

Super Resolved Maize Plant Leaves Disease Detection Using Optimal Generative Adversarial Network

Agriculture plays a vital role in the economy and crop disease causes huge financial losses every year. The losses can be reduced by detecting the disease accurately. The variation in light intensity and complex background of the agricultural field in detecting the maize leaves disease are the biggest challenges. An optimization algorithm, named Cat Swarm Political Optimizer Algorithm (CSPOA) has been developed in this research to detect the disease of a maize plant leaf. Our proposed algorithm is an integration of the Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO) and Political Optimizer (PO) algorithm. Anisotropic filtering performs pre-processing for removing noise and the Region of Interest (ROI) extraction for enhancing the image quality. The super resolution image is obtained from the Low Resolution (LR) images using kernel regression model. After obtaining the super resolution image, the salient map extraction has been carried out for representing the saliency. Finally, the maize plant leaves disease classification process is done using General Adversarial Network (GAN) for identifying the maize leaves disease. The training of GAN develops the CSPOA. On comparing with the existing maize plant leaves disease detection approaches, the developed CSPOA-based GAN performed with a maximum accuracy 0.9056, maximum sensitivity 0.9599, and the maximum specificity 0.9592, respectively.

Optical Modelling of Typical Organic Solar Cell using Transfer Matrix Model

Objectives: Green energy has led to a lot of development in the energy sector. The use of germanium, silicon PV technology has got major limitations of costing and engineering applications. Organic Solar Cell (OSC) is latest addition in green energy having immense application and economic potential. Method Computer simulation for optical modelling for OPV has been used. Efforts have been made to study the variation of Light intensity on efficiency of organic solar cells. Findings: Worldwide researchers are making efforts to find out ways and means of improving the efficiency of OSC’s. In our case, efforts have been made to achieve optimum efficiency of OSC through optical modelling of organic solar cell Simulation of electrical parameters with the help of optical characteristic is discussed. The effect of. light intensity on the power conversion efficiency of the organic solar cell is also studied. Novelty: This study uses Transfer matrix model (TMM) where accuracy level is high and electric field intensity variation with light intensity is analyzed. Keywords: Organic Solar Cell; Optical Modelling; Charge Carrier; Light Intensity; Transfer matrix model (TMM)