Variations In Hematological Parameters Research Articles

Variations in hematological parameters of Brazilian Bonsmara cattle at different stages of lactation

The aim of this study was to evaluate the hematological parameters of non-lactating Bonsmara cows and cows at different stages of lactation. A total of 119 cows were used, divided into four groups according to the number of lactations. The hematological evaluations performed were erythrogram and leucogram using automated equipment. The descriptive statistical analysis of the data was performed with a 5% significance level. The experiment followed the ethical principles of animal experimentation (CEUA-UFU protocol 053/2018). Significant differences were found in first lactation animals for erythrocyte count and in second lactation animals for erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, globule volume and platelets. In third lactation animals, significant differences were found for mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and platelets. In non-lactating animals, the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration showed a significant difference. For the leukogram, significant changes were found in the third lactation animals for rods; and in the concentration of total leukocytes and lymphocytes in the non-lactating animals. This study on the hematology of Bonsmara cattle can serve as a reference base for hematological parameters and as a stimulus for further research on the subject.

Evaluation of Hematological Parameters in Dengue Patients of Peshawar

Background: Dengue fever is caused by a virus called Dengue virus. A positive sense RNA virus belongs to flaviviridae family having four serotypes. The word “Dengue” is derived from Swahilli language which means seizure-like cramps. Human-to-human transmission is through vector (Mosquito) Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Dengue virus was discovered in 1779 in Batavia. Dengue fever is differentiated into Dengue Fever, Dengue hemorrhagic fever, and Dengue shock syndrome. Material and Methods: Dengue-suspected patients were screened for Dengue virus. Among these 120 were found positive for dengue virus. All the patients were screened using the NS1 strip method. A complete blood count test was performed for all the dengue-positive patients for evaluation of hematological changes. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel 2020, and further analyzed through SPSS-22. Results: Among the dengue suspected patients 120 were found positive for dengue virus infection. Out of 120 patients 76(63%) were male and 44(36%) were female. 68% of the patients were in the middle age group (16-40 years), 7.5% of patients were lower age group (1-15 years) and 24.1% of patients were in the old age group (41-70 years). CBC results showed variation in hematological parameters. 41% of patients were found with low platelet count while in 73% of patients, WBC count was decreased below the normal range. A small portion of the patients showed low hemoglobin levels. Neutrophil levels also decreased in more than 70% of patients. In a few cases, the hematocrit level was out of range. Conclusion: The study was conducted for the evaluation of hematological changes that occurred in patients infected by dengue. According to our study on dengue viral infection, a total of 120 patients were included of which 76(63%) were males and 44(36%) were females. Male frequency was higher than females affected by dengue fever. The median age group in our study was most affected by dengue fever. Platelet counts were low in 41% of infected patients, WBC levels were decreased than normal ranges in 73% and neutrophil levels were also affected which shows similarities with previous studies.

Hematological parameters vary with life history stage in the pale‐breasted thrush Turdus leucomelas

The avian life cycle is composed by a progressive sequence of life history stages (LHS). Changes in energy expenditure and exposure to stressors at different LHS require corresponding changes in behavior, physiology, and morphology. Variation in hematological parameters, such hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), and heterophil to lymphocyte ratio (H/L ratio), can have permissive, stimulatory, and preparative actions to help maintain homeostasis through different LHS. Few studies have examined differences in these parameters among different LHS in free‐living birds, with most of them restricted to temperate zones. We collected blood samples and measured hematological parameters every week for over a year from a population of a common resident bird species in southeastern Brazil, the pale‐breasted thrush Turdus leucomelas. Hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration were highest during the onset of the reproduction and lowest during molt. Furthermore, H/L ratios were higher at the end of the reproduction, indicating that the breeding season could be the most stressful period of the year for this population of thrushes. There was no difference between sexes for any hematological parameter at any LHS. These results show that there is a permissive physiological effect for Hct and Hb to facilitate LHS transitions and that reproduction could be the most stressful event for this species. Lastly, these results mirror those from temperate species despite distinct environmental differences between these regions.

Correlation between lymphopenia and other hematological parameters with duration of hospital stay as a measure of severity in Covid-19: a retrospective study

PurposeThe SARS-CoV-2 (corona) virus is evolving fast because of the scale at which it has infected people around the world. Updated data is needed to manage Covid-19 efficiently with limited resources. After thorough literature review, there were very few studies that correlated variation of hematological parameters with duration of hospital stay.Here, the aim of the study was to determine correlation between variation in hematological parameters and duration of hospital stay as a predictor of severity of disease.MethodologyThe study was conducted at central laboratory of HIMS, Varanasi. The present study was an observational study done retrospectively. The study duration was from 1st July, 2020 to 30th October, 2020. RT-PCR-positive confirmed cases admitted in the institute whose CBC data was available over a period of multiple days were included in the study to find out the correlation.Study designPatients were categorized into two study groups. Group I (A and B): duration of hospital stay from 2 to 10 days and Group II (A, B, and C): duration of hospital stay more than 11 days. Chi-square test was applied to both the groups to see whether correlation between variation in hematological parameters and duration of hospital stay was significant or not.ResultA total of 276 Covid-19 patients were included in the study. Patients were divided into groups and subgroups according to the duration of hospital stay. A total of 50% (103) of patients in Group I (hospital stay from 2 to 10 days) had lymphopenia as compared to 72.86% (51) of patients with lymphopenia in Group II (hospital stay from 11 to 40 days). Similarly, 44.17% (91) of patients in Group I had leukocytosis as compared to 72.86% (51) of patients with leukocytosis in Group II. The percentage increase in lymphopenia and leukocytosis in Group II was same, and this increase was found to be statistically significant (p-value < 0.05). Both these variables were increasing with increase in days of hospital stay.ConclusionHence, to conclude, complete blood count parameters especially lymphopenia and leukocytosis are most significant and economical in guiding the management protocol of Covid-19 patients as well as in predicting the number of days of hospital stay.

Hematological Parameters as Potential Biomarkers for Allergy and Eczema

This study investigated the association between hematological parameters, allergy, and eczema in a population from Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Governorate, Iraq. Blood samples were collected from individuals with eczema, allergies, and healthy controls. Complete blood count (CBC) and serum IgE levels were analyzed. Results demonstrated significant variations in hematological parameters across different groups. Occupation, age, and disease status influenced these parameters. For instance, farmers exhibited higher IgE levels, while government employees had elevated WBC counts. Eczema patients showed age-related differences in blood parameters, with younger individuals presenting higher IgE and WBC levels. Allergy patients also exhibited elevated WBC counts, particularly in children. These findings suggest that hematological parameters may serve as potential biomarkers for allergy and eczema. However, the complex interplay between occupation, age, and disease status highlights the need for further research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and establish definitive diagnostic or prognostic value.

EFFECT OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) SCAN EXPOSURE ON HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS

Background and aims: CT scan is more used in diagnosis; however, this examined was delivered a low dose estimated approximately to 50 mGy. In this study, the impact of CT scan exposure on hematological parameters for Congo-Brazzaville patients was analyzed. Methods: Blood samples have been obtained from 61 patients including 23 young patients (&lt;17 years). Blood sample was obtained before and 24h after CT-scan exposure from three different hospitals Congo-Brazzaville. 30 healthy donors have been included as a control. Hematological parameters have been analyzed using software. Results: Significant decrease of red blood and hemoglobin were observed after 24 h of CT scan exposure for all patients (p=0.0002 and p=0.0004 respectively). Significant increase of white blood and granulocyte were observed only in adult patients (p=0.0057 and p=0.011 respectively). Significant correlation was observed between the Abdominal-Pleven CT-scan and the variation of white blood and granulocytes. Interestingly, decrease of lymphocytes was observed in adult patients and lymphocyte increase was detected in young patients. Conclusion: We were demonstrated for the first time the variation of hematological parameters after exposure to be very lower doses such as CT-Scan doses. These variations could be reflected inflammatory reactions. Additional analysis can be performed for the validation of these data using a large cohort. Peer Review History: Received: 23 June 2023; Revised: 18 July; Accepted: 25 August, Available online: 15 September 2023 Academic Editor: Prof. Dr. Gorkem Dulger, Duzce University, Turkey, gorkemdulger@yandex.com Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewers: Dr. Sheikh Abdul Khaliq, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan, drsheikh1974@gmail.com Prof. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, shmahe@yemen.net.ye Ali Jaber, Laboratory for Research and Development of Medicines and Natural Products, RDMPN, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon, ali.jaber.2@ul.edu.lb

SURVEILLANCE OF BLOOD CHEMISTRY IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS BELONGING TO PUNJAB, PAKISTAN

Cancer is known to be second largest killer worldwide. In various types of cancer, the incidence rate of breast cancer has increased steadily in women. Any abnormality especially cancer has a direct impact on all the blood parameters so it is crucial to assess the variation in haematological and biochemical parameters. The aim of present study is to analysis the association and variation in haematological parameters among breast cancer patients. A cross-sectional study was accomplished in line with the research regulations, ssociodemographic survey was done to collect the covariates. The blood samples were collected from 16 districts of Punjab, Pakistan. Population selected for this study included 40 breast cancer patient and the written consent was also obtained from all the individuals. After collection the samples were transported to Department of Pathology, Mayo hospital, Lahore for the laboratory analysis. The study revealed that majority of the subjects were of 48-57 years old (N=12(30%) with weight ranging from 64 kg to 74 kg (N=14(35%) and height from 5.01 ft to 5.50 ft (N=23 (57.5%). All the sociodemographic, clinical, biochemical and haematological characteristics were analyzed by ANOVA test with P value 0.05 and the test revealed that all the parameters are statistically significant except duration of marriage P = 0.085 and blood urea P = 0.099. In conclusion, study reveals that biochemical parameters are an important diagnostic tool in disease monitoring. Moreover, awareness campaign regarding breast cancer should be carried out and more research should be done to observe the pattern of other haematological parameters.

Evaluation of hematological parameters alterations in different waves of COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study.

The occurrence of variations in routine hematological parameters is closely associated with disease progression, the development of severe illness, and the mortality rate among COVID-19 patients. This study aimed to investigate hematological parameters in COVID-19 hospitalized patients from the 1st to the 5th waves of the current pandemic. This cross-sectional study included a total of 1501 hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 based on WHO criteria, who were admitted to Shahid Sadoughi Hospital (SSH) in Yazd, Iran, from February 2020 to September 2021. Throughout, we encountered five COVID-19 surge waves. In each wave, we randomly selected approximately 300 patients and categorized them based on infection severity during their hospitalization, including partial recovery, full recovery, and death. Finally, hematological parameters were compared based on age, gender, pandemic waves, and outcomes using the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The mean age of patients (n = 1501) was 61.1±21.88, with 816 (54.3%) of them being men. The highest mortality in this study was related to the third wave of COVID-19 with 21.3%. There was a significant difference in all of the hematological parameters, except PDW, PLT, and RDW-CV, among pandemic waves of COVID-19 in our population. The highest rise in the levels of MCV and RDW-CV occurred in the 1st wave, in the 2nd wave for lymphocyte count, MCHC, PLT count, and RDW-SD, in the 3rd wave for WBC, RBC, neutrophil count, MCH, and PDW, and in the 4th wave for Hb, Hct, and ESR (p < 0.01). The median level of Hct, Hb, RBC, and ESR parameters were significantly higher, while the mean level of lymphocyte and were lower in men than in women (p < 0.001). Also, the mean neutrophil in deceased patients significantly was higher than in those with full recovered or partial recovery (p < 0.001). The findings of our study unveiled notable variations in hematological parameters across different pandemic waves, gender, and clinical outcomes. These findings indicate that the behavior of different strains of the COVID-19 may differ across various stages of the pandemic.

Hematological Parameters as Indicators for Litter size and Pregnancy Stage in Awassi ‎Ewes

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Physiological status and litter size can indeed have a significant impact on ewes' ‎hematological parameters, which are essential indicators of their health. Therefore, this study ‎examined the hematological profiles of ewes during pregnancy with single and twins in the ‎Awassi ewes. The present study involved 232 ewes in good health and at sexual maturity. ‎Among them, 123 ewes had single pregnancies, while 109 ewes had twin pregnancies. The age ‎range of the ewes included in the study was between 3.5 and 4.5 years. Hematological tests ‎were conducted on the sheep's blood samples promptly following collection. The findings ‎demonstrated variations in hematological parameters among pregnant ewes, with differences ‎based on litter size. Ewes carrying twin pregnancies exhibited significantly higher levels of ‎red blood corpuscular, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin ‎concentration during pregnancy. In comparison to single-pregnant ewes, Awassi ewes with ‎twin pregnancies displayed elevated counts of white blood cells, lymphocytes, granulocytes, ‎and granulocyte percentage compared to ewes with single pregnancies. Awassi ewes with twin ‎pregnancies also exhibited a strong positive correlation with the leukocytes and erythrocytes ‎constituents. In conclusion, these findings indicate that litter size significantly influences ‎hematological parameters, highlighting the importance of considering the physiological status ‎and litter size as indicators of ewes' health. The findings have practical implications in sheep ‎breeding and reproduction, as they can be utilized to enhance the diagnosis, prognosis, and ‎treatment of related conditions‎.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Baseline Studies on Biochemical Profile of Nellore Sheep in the Hot and Humid Areas of Andhra Pradesh

Nellore breed is the most commonly reared sheep in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The present study was conducted to report the effect of age and physiological status on few blood biochemical parameters of Nellore sheep breed from the hot and humid areas of Andhra Pradesh. The present study was conducted to estimate the blood biochemical parameters and its effect on physiological parameters in Nellore sheep. The results evidenced significantly higher RBC, Hb in pregnant group compared to others. Significantly higher PCV values were recorded in the 0-1 age group of animals. The total protein, creatinine were significantly higher in the lactating group compared to the other two. The albumin levels were found to be significantly higher in pregnant group. The cholesterol, calcium, phosphorus levels were found to be significantly higher in 0-1 year group and decreased in periparturient period. The study established baseline values of Nellore sheep in the hot and humid areas of Andhra Pradesh and therefore can be used as reference values for further studies on these species. Biochemical parameters are important indicators of the health condition and metabolic activity irrespective of the physiological status of the animals. lactating animals. The variations in hematological parameters is multifactorial some of which are altitude, feeding level, age, sex, breed, diurnal and seasonal variation, temperature and physiological status of animals. The baseline values obtained from this study across different physiological status and age groups could be used as a reference for further experimentation on sheep located in these areas..

Assessment of Dietary Supplementation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus Probiotic on Growth Performance and Disease Resistance in Oreochromis niloticus.

Probiotics play a significant role in aquaculture by improving the growth, health, and survival rate of fish against pathogenic organisms. In the present study, we have evaluated the effects of a Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) probiotic on growth performance and disease resistance in Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus) fingerlings. Four different concentrations of L. rhamnosus (T1: 0.5 × 1010, T2: 1 × 1010, T3: 1.5 × 1010, and T4: 2 × 1010 CFU/kg feed) were administered to fish over a period of three months. L. rhamnosus treated fish revealed a high growth increment as compared to the control, and the values of macromolecules (amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates) varied significantly among the treated and control groups. Levels of thyroid hormones were noted to be high in the probiotic-treated groups. A challenge assay was performed with Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila). The optimum calculated concentration of probiotics from the growth assay (1.5 × 1010 CFU/kg feed) was used for the challenge assay. Fish were divided into four groups as follows: control (Con), probiotic-treated (PL), infected (I), and infected + probiotic-treated (I + PL) groups. Significant variations in hematological parameters were observed among control and treated groups. Histopathological changes were recorded in infected fish, while the infected + probiotic-treated group showed less deformations indicating the positive effect of the probiotic supplementation. The survival rate of fish was also better in the probiotic-treated group. Based on these findings, we conclude that probiotic supplementation enhances the growth and improves immunity of O. niloticus. Therefore, we propose that probiotics can be used as promising feed supplements for promoting fish production and disease resistance in aquaculture.

Haematological Parameters in Preterm Neonates Admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Though reference haematological parameters are defined for neonates, ranges vary in preterm. Few data are available regarding the premature population during the first month of life. Objective: To observe the variation in haematological parameters concerning different gestational ages, birth weights and gender among preterm neonates admitted to NICU with common illnesses like respiratory distress (RDS), neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NNH) and sepsis in a tertiary care hospital. A total of ninety preterm neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were analyzed over two years. Complete blood counts were obtained, grouped and analyzed according to the underlying diagnosis of sepsis, NNH and RDS. Clinical data were also extracted. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 25. Mean, Chi-square test and ANOVA tests were used for data analysis. P value &lt;0.05 was considered significant. Result: Variation was seen concerning gestational age and birth weight. Eosinophils were significantly decreased in LBW, while a decrease in neutrophils and an increase in lymphocyte count were seen in EPT. Haemoglobin and RBC indices also showed significant variation according to birth weight. Conclusions research complete blood counts of preterm depend on the degree of prematurity, birth weight, and other clinical findings.

Prevalence of Anemia and Variations of Hematological Parameters among Anemic Hemodialysis Patients in the Tripoli Region

Background: Prolonged decline in the ability of the kidney to regulate acid–base balance, eliminate waste products, and manage water homeostasis and entered chronic phase, toxic metabolic accumulates and erythropoietin secretion by the kidney is decreasing and causes hematological changes including decrease of HCT, MCV, RBCs and platelet counts. Hemodialysis became a practical treatment for kidney failure and is the most common method used to treat advanced and permanent kidney failure. Anemia is one of the most common complications in hemodialysis patients. Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of anemia among hemodialysis patients and investigate the variations of hematological parameters among anemic hemodialysis patients in the Tripoli region. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 250 renal failure patients, attending Tripoli Center for dialysis and 100 normal healthy subjects. The study Ethical Committee of the medical centers and the Libyan Academy of graduate studies reviewed and approved the study design and patient consent statements were taken from each patient. Information's about the patients were recorded in a questionnaire. A blood sample of 5 ml was drawn by venous puncture from each normal healthy individual and hemodialysis patient. 2.5 ml of the blood sample was collected in K-EDTA tubes for the hematological examinations and another 2.5 ml of the blood sample was collected in a plain tubes for biochemical tests (serum urea, creatinine, and uric acid concentrations). The hematological parameters (RBCs count, Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, WBCs count, differential count of WBCs, and Platelets count) were determined using an automated hematology analyzer Sysmex (K- 4500) machine. The data were compared using GraphPad Prism version.9. The statistical significance of differences between groups was evaluated with the independent t-test. A P-value of &lt;0.05 was considered significant for all statistical tests. Results: The results showed that the prevalence of anemia among hemodialysis patients was 89.8%. The degrees of anemia were 17% severe, 71.66% moderate, and 11.34% mild anemia. The types of anemia were 13.36% microcytic hypochromic, 82.59% normocytic hypochromic, and 4.05% macrocytic hypochromic anemia. RBCs, WBCs &amp; platelets counts, Hct, MCHC, and Lymphocytes % showed a significant (P&lt;0.01) decrease, and MCV was a significant (P&lt;0.01) increase in the anemic hemodialysis patients compared with the healthy individuals. But, a significant (P&lt;0.05) decrease in MCH was observed in the anemic hemodialysis patients when compared with the healthy individuals. A significant correlation was observed between RBCs and their indices with most of the hematological parameters. A significant (P&lt;0.01) negative correlation was observed between serum urea with Hb, and RBCs count and Hct. While, a significant (P&lt;0.01) positive correlation was recorded between uric acid with platelets count. A significant (P&lt;0.05) positive correlation was observed between gender with platelets count, while, a significant negative correlation was recorded between gender with serum urea (P&lt;0.01), creatinine, and uric acid, and Hb (P&lt;0.05). A significant (P&lt;0.01) negative correlation was observed between blood groups with serum uric acid. A significant (P&lt;0.01) positive correlation was observed between durations of hemodialysis with RBCs count and Hb, while, a significant (P&lt;0.05) negative correlation was recorded between durations of hemodialysis with body weight, and MCHC. Conclusion: It can be concluded that a higher prevalence of moderate, normocytic hypochromic anemia among hemodialysis patients. Also, results showed a significant variation in hematological parameters among the anemic hemodialysis patients. So, hemodialysis patients advice to examine the hematological parameters and treated from anemia if detected.

Variation in hematological parameters due to tobacco cigarette smoking in healthy male individuals.

Objective: To evaluate the changes in hematological parameters in healthy male smokers. Study Design: Descriptive Cross - Sectional study. Setting: HITEC – IMS Taxila. Period: December 2021 to May 2022. Material &amp; Methods: Hematological Parameters including complete blood counts (WBC, RBC, Hb, MCV, MCH, MCHC, HCT, RDW, PLT), Differential Leukocyte Count, ESR and PT, APTT were done in each case. The data were entered and analyzed on SPSS version 22. Results: Mean age of smokers was 28.72 ± 6.79 years while mean age of non-smokers was 30.63 ± 6.73 years. Duration of smoking was between 4 to 28 years and number of cigarettes was between 5 to 50 / day. Among hematological parameters; WBC count, Lymphocyte count, RBC count, hemoglobin, MCV, MCH and ESR were significantly raised; while neutrophil count was significantly low in smokers as compared to non-smokers. It was also observed that values of WBC count and prothrombin time were significantly higher in individuals with a smoking history of more than 10 years. Conclusion: In conclusion, smoking has adverse effects on the various hematological parameters that have been reported to be associated with a greater risk for developing hazardous effects on health. So, we suggest that physicians should evaluate their patients at every visit and strictly recommend them early cessation of smoking so that we could prevent our young generation from future ailments.

Effects of pre-existing metformin therapy on platelet count, serum creatinine, and hospitalization in COVID-19 patients with diabetes mellitus

&lt;abstract&gt; &lt;p&gt;COVID-19 infected individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus are at higher risk of COVID-19 related complications. Previous studies have yielded varying results regarding the effect of metformin, an antidiabetic drug, on the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients. In this retrospective observational study, we aim to assess the impact of pre-existing oral antidiabetic treatment on the clinical outcomes of COVID-19.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;We analyzed in-patient data from hospital records, enrolling 150 COVID-19 patients with pre-existing diabetes mellitus. Among them, 75 were treated with metformin, while the remaining 75 were not. Exclusion criteria included patients with type I diabetes mellitus and those above 85 years of age. Fisher's exact test, Chi square test and unpaired t-test were used to analyze the data. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of age, gender, or drugs prescribed, aside from metformin. However, the metformin-treated group exhibited a significantly higher proportion of moderately ill patients compared to the non-metformin-treated group (P = 0.0011). Nonetheless, no statistically significant differences were observed between the groups regarding oxygen support requirement or duration of hospital stay. Notably, the metformin group showed distinct variations in haematological parameters, including lower serum creatinine levels (P = 0.0049), platelet count (P = 0.02) and HbA1c levels (P = 0.01). In conclusion, pre-existing metformin treatment did not impact the duration of hospital stay or the need for oxygen support in COVID-19 patients. However, the treatment did exert influence on other essential parameters.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/abstract&gt;

Comparison of hematological parameters among chronic periodontitis patients and healthy individuals.

Some of the most common oral disorders are periodontal disease. Variation in hematological parameters in chronic periodontitis patients could affect the type of treatment and its overall outcomes. Comparing and evaluating the hematological parameters in people with chronic periodontitis and the general population was the aim of this study. 100 individuals with chronic periodontitis (Group I) and 100 individuals in clinically good health participated in the study (Group II). Hemoglobin (Hb), random blood sugar (RBS), bleeding time (BT), and clotting time (CT) were evaluated and compared between the two groups. In contrast to patients with chronic periodontitis (8.934 ± 2.0), in healthy patients, the mean Hb concentrations were found to be higher (13.435 ± 1.8). In comparison to healthy individuals (98.98 ± 25.42), patients with chronic periodontitis had a higher mean value for RBS (112.14 ± 47.5). In contrast to the healthy population (BT = 2.654 ± 13.36, CT = 6.057 ± 0.267), patients with chronic periodontitis had shorter mean BT and CT (BT = 0.301 ± 0.07, CT = 2.84 ± 0.6058). Hematological factors and the population's periodontal health were discovered to be significantly associated (P = 0.001). Within the constraints of the continuing investigation, it was shown that among people with chronic periodontitis, Hb levels, BT, and CT were reduced, while blood glucose levels were increased.

Effect of Anisakis pegreffii (Nematoda: Anisakidae) on Biochemical and Haematological Characteristics of Chub Mackerel (Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782) Caught in the Dardanelles at Çanakkale, Türkiye

Chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782) were obtained from the commercial fishermen in Çanakkale, Turkey, in July, 2017. We examined a total of 40 fish (20 non-infested and 20 infested) and assessed the biometric indices, haematological parameters and serum biochemical variables. The hepatosomatic index and gonadosomatic index of infested chub mackerel fish were lower than those of non-infested fish. Blood haematocrit ratio and haemoglobin concentration in naturally parasite-infested chub mackerel fish were significantly lower than those in non-infested fish. However, white blood cell counts of the parasite-infested chub mackerel fish were higher than those of healthy ones. Serum total protein, globulin, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, chlorine and iron levels in naturally parasite-infested chub mackerel fish were significantly lower than those in non-infested fish. Moreover, serum lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase activities of the parasite-infested chub mackerel fish were higher than those in healthy ones. Therefore, observed variations in haematological parameters, serum biochemical variables and biometric indices influenced by the parasite, A. pegreffii, may potentially increase sensitivity of the chub mackerel, Scomber japonicus, to diseases and environmental conditions.

Effects of aquatic heavy metal intoxication on the level of hematocrit and hemoglobin in fishes: A review

Environmental pollution caused due to the presence of heavy metals has become a great concern as it has an adverse effect on almost all types of ecosystem. In this sense, these pollutants have a tendency to pollute the aquatic ecosystem, thus badly affecting the health of aquatic organisms. As a result, toxicological studies believe them to be the most harmful pollutants in the aquatic environment. Among all the aquatic organisms, fish—being a chief organism in this system—become the easiest victim of these pollutants. Heavy metals enter fish bodies through the alimentary system by consumption of polluted food, or through the gills, and skin. They are finally delivered by the bloodstream to the organs and tissues where they accumulate after absorption. Ultimately, in this way heavy metals make their way into humans through the food chain. The fluctuations in the hematological values may serve as an initial indicator of the toxicant’s impact on fish health. It has been observed that when pollutants impact the quality of the aquatic medium, the first consequence is apparent in the form of physiological changes in fish, which are reflected in one or more hematological parameters, such as hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell count, white blood cell count, etc. As a result of these alterations, fish become weak, anemic, and more susceptible to diseases. Over the past several decades, a vast number of studies have been reported on the qualitative and quantitative variations in hematological parameters due to the presence of heavy metal intoxication. Heavy metal contamination of water resources not only degrades the water quality but also negatively impacts the quality of food in the form of fish proteins. Therefore, this article sheds light on the effects of heavy metals on hemoglobin and hematocrit of fish hematology and calls for more attention to the protection and preservation of aquatic ecosystems, particularly those contaminated with heavy metals.

A STUDY OF HAEMATOLOGICAL ABNORMALITIES IN CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE IN AJMER REGION

Chronic liver disease refers to a disease of the liver, which had lasted more than six months. The disease process involves progressive destruction and regeneration of liver parenchyma leading to brosis and cirrhosis. This study evaluates the various hematological indices as these parameters are part of an inexpensive, easily accessible, and routinely performed test for almost all patients admitted to health facilities to nd out a correlation between variation in hematological parameters and the illness under study. This study is conducted in the department of Pathology J.L.N Medical College and Associated group of hospitals, Ajmer (Rajasthan) prospectively from July 2019 to June 2020 (one year). In our study, the mean age for chronic liver disease was 44.48±11.84 years and the highest incidence was seen between the age group of 41-50 years (4th decade). M: F ratio was 6:1. Alcohol has been implicated as the most common cause. In the case of non- alcoholic hepatitis B has been implicated as the most common cause. The most common anemia is normocytic normochromic anemia. Microcytic anemia is most common among women. Macrocytosis is almost common with alcoholics. The mean MCV, MCH and MCHC were signicantly higher in alcoholic chronic liver disease patients. Thrombocytopenia is present in more than 30% of patients. In chronic liver failure patients, most of them had abnormalities in hematological parameters. Hence with this study, all the chronic liver disease patients must be evaluated for hematological and should be monitored for any complications. Early treatment to correct these comorbidities can decrease mortality.

Hematological Parameters from the Feline Blood Donor to the Blood Unit: What Changes Are to Be Expected?

Simple SummaryFeline blood donation requires sedation to allow for good blood collection, avoiding venous damage and unnecessary donor stress. In the present study, we describe the variation of hematological parameters in a population of healthy blood-donor cats that underwent the same sedation protocol, including medetomidine, alfaxalone, and butorphanol. Significant differences in hematological parameters were observed between unsedated and sedated cats; particularly, the mean red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value, mean corpuscular volume, and red blood cells distribution width were significantly lower in sedated cats than in conscious ones, thus confirming that sedation is a critical procedure in cats. No significant differences for the main hematological parameters were observed between sedated cats and feline blood units, suggesting that the dilution with the conservative–anticoagulant solution (ratio 1:7) exerts negligible effects on these parameters with respect to samples of sedated animals.Feline blood donation requires sedation to allow for good blood collection, avoiding venous damage and unnecessary donor stress. In the present study, we describe the variation of hematological parameters in a population of 74 healthy blood-donor cats that underwent the same sedation protocol, including medetomidine, alfaxalone, and butorphanol. Changes in hematological parameters were evaluated in blood samples collected from conscious cats (group A), sedated cats (group B), and feline whole-blood units (FBUs) (group C). Significant differences were observed between unsedated and sedated cats: the mean RBC count, HGB, HCT, and RDW were significantly lower in sedated cats than in conscious ones, with a difference of 17.95%, 18.42%, 28.21%, and 10.00%, respectively. In accordance with previously reported data, our results confirm that sedation is a critical procedure in cats that can affect most of the hematological parameters. The second finding of our study is that no significant differences for the main hematological parameters were observed between sedated cats and FBUs, thus suggesting that the dilution with the conservative–anticoagulant solution exert negligible effects on these parameters with respect to samples of sedated animals. This hematological change must be taken into consideration since such parameters are important to define the quality of FBUs.