Subjective Norm Variables Research Articles

Analysis of the Behavior of Young Couples in Buying a House Using Sharia Contracts

This study aims to analyze the direct and indirect influence among variables such as attitudes, subjective norms and behavioral control perceptions on the decision-making of young couples in buying houses based on sharia contracts with interest variables as the intervening variable. This study used a quantitative method used by distributing questionnaires to 250 young couples. This study used a side purposive sampling method. This study applied a a path analysis to examine the direct and indirect influence of independent variables on dependent variables through intervening variables. The results of the study showed that attitudes, subjective norms and perception of behavioral control influenced people’s interests to buy a house using sharia-based contracts. Furthermore, attitudes affect decision-making, while subjective norm variables and behavioral control perceptions do not have a significant effect on decision-making. Nevertheless, interests have a positive and significant effect on decision-making. Based on the results of the path analysis, interests could mediate attitudes, subjective norms and perception of behavior control in making decisions in taking houses based on sharia contracts. The results of this study imply that sharia-based banks in Indonesia need to provide a continuous literacy program toward sharia-based mortgage products to increase customers’ interests so that they know the advantages of using sharia-based banks, especially in terms of house mortgage financing products.

Do Muslim Investors Consider Sharia literacy in Their Behavior When Trading Stocks? Experiences of Indonesian Stock Investors

The purpose of this study is to explain how the economic behavior of the Indonesian Muslim community in stock transactions influenced by their understanding of sharia. This research uses the Theory of Planned Behavior with exogenous variables being attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control as predictors of intention as the endogenous variable. The ethical domain in this study is indicated by the presence of sharia literacy as a consideration in economic behavior. This research uses a quantitative approach with primary data obtained by distributing questionnaires to respondents who are sharia stock investors in Indonesia. The number of valid questionnaires amounted to 499. The data were processed using Partial Least Squares (PLS) with SmartPLS software. The results of this study show that each of the variables of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control has a significant positive effect on the intention to invest in sharia stocks. Sharia literacy is proven to moderate the influence of attitude on behavioral intention, but this does not occur in the variables of subjective norm and perceived behavior control.

The Influence of Attitudes and Subjective Norms of Domestic Millennial Tourists on the Intention to Stay at An Environmentally-Friendly Hotel

This research aims to determine the influence of domestic millennial tourists' attitudes and subjective norms on their intention to stay at an environmentally friendly hotel. Attitude is the result of a psychological process that cannot be observed directly, but must be inferred from what is said or done. Attitudes towards environmentally friendly products are a relevant subject. Subjective norms are a person's beliefs regarding expectations which are influenced by other parties, both individually and in groups, to perform or not perform a particular behavior. Intention is an indicator of the extent to which people are willing to carry out a specific behavior or a person's willingness to carry out a certain behavior. This research focuses on domestic millennial tourists, consisting of 100 respondents. The data were analyzed with multiple regression statistical technique resulting a positive and significant influence of the attitude and subjective norm variables on the intention to stay at an environmentally friendly hotel. It was investigated that domestic millennial tourists are highly concerned about environmentally friendly hotel to be selected as their accommodation and it was also found out that they obtain direct influence from their closest relatives in determining the choice of environmentally friendly hotels

Non-Muslim Customer Acceptance Behavior Toward Halal Products in Yogyakarta

This research aims to generate practical empirical insights into the acceptance behavior of non-Muslim consumers towards halal products in Yogyakarta. The foundational framework employed for this study is Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), with the incorporation of determinants such as knowledge and religiosity, along with the integration of habit-related variables. The study was conducted in Yogyakarta Province, considered a microcosm of Indonesia, representing the diversity of subjects relevant to this research. Data was collected from five regencies/cities in Yogyakarta by administering questionnaires and analyzed using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) with the wrapPLS 7.0 application. The findings reveal that all variables positively influence acceptance attitudes and behaviors. Nonetheless, certain variables do not significantly contribute to the outcomes. Acceptance attitudes and behaviors are primarily shaped by the subjective norm variables and planned behavior control, and this aligns with theoretical expectations. The research outcomes establish interpersonal behavior as a suitable model for further development into a behavioral framework for the acceptance behavior of nonMuslim consumers towards halal products. Theoretically, this research initiates a discourse in the domain of consumer behavior theory, specifically in the realm of interpersonal behavior. In practical terms, the findings can aid businesses in tailoring their communication strategies with customers.

Navigating entrepreneurial terrain: The role of technology readiness and gender in shaping intentions

The pervasive influence of information technology across various life sectors, particularly in the business realm, has prompted this study to investigate the impact of technology readiness on entrepreneurial intentions within a student context. A purposive sampling method was employed to select a sample comprising 213 college students, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was utilized to assess the interrelationships among the study's constructed variables. The findings underscore the significant impact of technology readiness on attitudes, which, in turn, plays a pivotal role in shaping entrepreneurial intentions. Furthermore, the research highlights the influential roles of subjective norms and perceived behavioral control in the formation of entrepreneurial intentions. Conversely, results from the Multi-Group Analysis (MGA) do not support the gender variable as a moderating factor. However, a noteworthy revelation emerges from the bootstrapping analysis, unveiling gender-based differences in the influence of subjective norm variables on entrepreneurial intentions when comparing male and female groups.

WHY DO CONSUMERS PURCHASE IMPORTED HALAL MEAT PRODUCTS?

Halal meat is important in Indonesia, not only because of the Muslim consumer’s demand but also because of the low domestic production. Therefore, this study aims to determine the factors that influence the intention to purchase imported halal meat from Muslim consumers in Indonesia. To answer the inquiry, it employed a quantitative research method and adopted the Theory of Planned Behavior and Push-Pull Mooring Theory. Primary data was obtained from 913 Indonesian Muslim respondents and analyzed using Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modeling (CB-SEM). The results showed that nutritional content, behavioural control, and attitudes significantly and positively affect the intention of purchasing imported halal meat products. Meanwhile, the price variable significantly negatively affects the purchase intention. The religiosity variable, which acts as a mediating variable, significantly positively affects attitudes to buying imported halal meat products. Meanwhile, the variables of subjective norms, sensory attractiveness, and halal awareness are not significant in this study. The results are expected to provide insights for halal meat importers, halal industry players, the government and other stakeholders in Indonesia and globally.

Factors Influencing the Interest of the Muslim Generation in Cash Waqf in West Nusa Tenggara Province

Cash waqf is a waqf fund in the form of a rupiah managed by the nazir to produce benefits in the form of marque alaih. This study aims to determine how big the factor of interest of the Muslim generation in cash waqf in West Nusa Tenggara Province (NTB). In this study, data was collected by distributing questionnaires by purposive sampling using the Cochran formula so that 100 respondents fulfilled the number of samples. Data analysis techniques using Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results showed that trust variables and subjective norms positively and significantly affected the interest in cash waqf in West Nusa Tenggara (NTB). Trust and subjective norm variables imply that the institution where waqf is collected can maintain trust in Wakif by making reports and documentation. At the same time, the promotion of socialisation and religiosity variables have a positive but insignificant effect. Moreover, the knowledge variable has a negative and little impact on the interest in cash waqf in West Nusa Tenggara Province.

The Effect of Push, Pull, and Mooring Factors on Customers’ Switching Intention to Green Cosmetics

Nowadays, consumption patterns concern consumers since they have negative impacts on environmental sustainability. Marketers have conducted some efforts to create eco-friendly products. This condition has caused research into green marketing to grow significantly. Various studies have been conducted to examine consumers' behavior intentions toward green products. However, the theory applied to explain the phenomenon still has the potential to be developed. Thus, in this study, the researchers examine the consumers' switching intention from conventional cosmetics to green cosmetics, by applying the migration theory and the push-pull-mooring framework. The push factors are explained by the dissatisfaction variable and the low-quality variable. The alternative attractiveness variable explains the pull factor. Meanwhile, the mooring factors are explained by variety-seeking and the unfavorable subjective norm variables. PLS-SEM is used to analyze 198 consumers of conventional cosmetics. The results indicate that the pull factor is the main factor that supports the consumers' switching intention to green cosmetics, and the second is the push factor. Furthermore, the mooring factors are proven to moderate the effect of the pull factor on consumers' switching intention. On the other hand, the mooring factors are not shown to moderate the influence of the push factors on the consumers' switching intention.

Analisis Pengaruh Sikap, Norma Subjektif, Kontrol Perilaku, dan Kemaslahatan Terhadap Perilaku Mengonsumsi Makanan Halal

This study aims to analyze the influence of attitudes, subjective norms, behavioral control, and maslahah on the intention to consume halal food and their implications for consumer behavior. Currently, the consumption of halal products in Indonesia continues to increase yearly, including in the province of West Sumatra, which has a majority Muslim community. For this reason, it is necessary to conduct research related to the consumption behavior of a consumer because the research results can affect economic growth. The distinguishes this research from previous research is the modification of TPB by adding the Maslahah variable. This study uses Islamic consumption theory, Islamic consumer behavior theory, and the Theory of Planned Behavior. This study uses survey data by distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents. Hypothesis testing uses SEM analysis with Smart PLS 4.0 software. The results of the hypothesis testing show that the attitude variable has no significant effect on intention. In contrast, the variables of subjective norm, behavioral control, and maslahah have a significant effect on consumption intention. The consumption intention variable also has a positive and significant influence on the consumption behavior of halal food among Muslim students in Padang city. Based on the results of the research, the implications of this research are the need for an understanding of religion to form a good attitude in carrying out consumption activities to avoid harm, besides that community cooperation, especially public figures, and scholars provides an example and encourages the community to carry out halal and good consumption.
 Keywords: Consumer Behavior, Islamic Consumption, Halal Food, Maslahah

Investigation of Factors Affecting Mobile Banking Intention to Use: Extended Technology Acceptance Model

Purpose-With technological developments, people's use of smartphones and the internet has increased. This increase has enabled people to carry out many of their businesses through mobile applications. One of these things is banking. Thanks to the internet banking and mobile applications offered to their customers, banks enable them to carry out their banking transactions without going to the banks physically. In this context, it is important to determine the factors affecting people's adoption of mobile banking applications in order to increase the use of these applications. Therefore, the behavioral intentions of customers to adopt mobile banking were investigated in this study. Design/methodology/approach –Research model has been proposed by adding subjective norms, trust, and perceived risk variables to the Technology acceptance model. In the study, the data obtained from 492 mobile banking application users were analyzed with the Structural Equation Model. Findings –Attitude plays a key role in predicting users' intention to adopt mobile banking according to findings. In addition, the variables of subjective norms and perceived ease of use did not have a significant effect on the attitude toward mobile banking applications. Discussion –A new research model was suggested along with the expansion of TAM by the addition of new variables in the study. So, the study made a contribution to the body of knowledge on mobile banking applications, mobile applications, and the technology acceptance model. The current study also serves as a guide for bank managers, decision-makers, and other pertinent parties.

The Role of Brand Anthropomorphism In Shaping Brand Love and Brand Loyalty To European Car Consumers In Indonesia

This study will examine the influence of brand anthropomorphism and brand experience on brand love and its impact on brand loyalty with perceived price fairness as the moderation variable. The research uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. The sample in this study amounted to 250 European car users spread across DKI Jakarta, DI Yogyakarta, Central Java, East Java. The analysis model in this study will be divided into 3 stages of analysis. The first stage is multiple regression analysis, the second stage is simple regression analysis. The third stage of the moderation test with hierarchical moderated regression Brand anthropomorphism had a positive effect on the formation of brand love. Brand experience also has a positive and significant effect on brand love. Brand love has a positive effect on brand engagement. perceived price fairness does not moderate the relationship between brand love and brand engagement. For further research it is suggested to add subjective norm variables to this research model.

How Tourists Reacted to Ecotourism during COVID-19: Insights on Its Sustainability from a Multivariate Analysis Based on the Case of Banyuwangi

Ecotourism is an alternative to conventional tourism where tourists can enjoy natural scenery by prioritizing conservation aspects as a form of expressing responsibility to the environment. There are several popular ecotourism sites in Indonesia, one of which is Banyuwangi Regency, which was the world winner of the 12th United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) awards. This study was conducted to analyze the factors that influence the behavioral intention of tourists to ecotourism at Banyuwangi Regency. By knowing the factors influencing behavioral intention, tourism managers and local governments can gain better insight into strategies that can be adopted to increase consumers’ positive intention toward ecotourism. This research was conducted with multivariate structural equation modeling (SEM), and twelve hypotheses were tested. A total of 344 respondents participated. Six accepted hypotheses were revealed. A positive and significant influence was found on the subjective norm and destination image variables on ecotourism behavioral intention. The analysis found a positive and significant effect between ecotourism self-identity and subjective norm variables. Other results found that the biosphere value had a positive and significant effect on the environmental attitude, and the future time perspective and destination image variables were found to have a positive and significant effect on the environmental concern variable. Most respondents in this study admitted that they are individuals who have a love for nature and are willing to dispose of their garbage in its proper place. Further theoretical and practical implications were described.

Is The Theory of Planned Behavior Relevant to Measures Factors That Influence Women In Klaten District to Buy Srinuk Organic Food Brand?

This study aims to conduct a multivariate test of the dependent variable on women’s behaviour of buying organic food which are influenced by three independent variables, namely perceived behavioral control, knowledge, and subjective norm. The research object as the sample is women costumers in Delanggu, Wonosari and Polanharjo District Klaten Indonesia who buy Srinuk organic rice and organic food brand around 100 respondents with purposive sampling. The data analysis in this study is in the form of respondent description tests, validity and reliability tests of items, and variable regression tests which are useful for providing an image of perception in the society’s mind regarding the proof of buying behaviour model for organic food. Multivariate quantitative test used AMOS Software. The test results found that the perceived behavior control and subjective norm variables influence buying behaviour, while one variable, namely knowledge has no significant effect. From the research findings of the model evidence, a strategy is needed for stakeholders to develop marketing strategies towards the competitive advantage of organic food towards the increase of public consumption with more favourable products and market developments. At a later stage, it is possible to conduct experimental research.

Determining factors affecting perceived effectiveness among Filipinos for fire prevention preparedness in the National Capital Region, Philippines: Integrating Protection Motivation Theory and extended Theory of Planned Behavior

The Philippines is one of the countries in Asia known to be vulnerable to the severe effects of fire disasters as the country loses a considerable amount worth of damages due to fire disasters. The study aimed to determine the factors that significantly affect Filipinos' perceived effectiveness for fire prevention preparedness in urban areas by integrating Protection Motivation Theory and the extended Theory of Planned Behavior. 503 respondents voluntarily participated in the self-administered online survey questionnaire distributed among Filipinos residing in the National Capital Region, Philippines. Utilizing the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach, results showed that media platforms (MP), fire experience (FE), and fire insurance policies (FI) had significant effects on fire prevention knowledge (KFP). In addition, FE, FI, and KFP variables established significant effects on perceived severity (PS) and perceived vulnerability (PV) which eventually affected perceived behavioral control (PBC) and attitude toward the behavior (ATB). PBC and ATB were found to affect subjective norm (SN); thus, PBC, ATB, and SN variables were determined to have substantial effects on safe behavior (SB) and perceived effectiveness (PE). This paper is the first study in the Philippines that investigated the current fire mitigation strategies. The results will be valuable among researchers and policymakers in creating a compelling future fire mitigation intervention to improve people's fire preparedness and safety behavior. Finally, the SEM constructs of this study can be adapted and extended to determine fire mitigation effectiveness worldwide.

MSMEs and Islamic Securities Crowdfunding: The Importance of Financial Literacy

The development of Islamic securities crowdfunding (I-SCF) financial technology has recently become a momentum for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in terms of fulfilling capital by issuing shares (sukuk) based on syariah principles. This research examines the role of Islamic financial literacy through the use of variables from the theory of planned behavior about the intentions of MSME actors to apply for capital through I-SCF. A total of 97 responses were collected from MSMEs owners/managers who have been in business for at least two years using an online questionnaire and then examined using structural equation modeling by SmartPLS. The results show that the variables of subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and attitude toward behavior significantly influence the intention to obtain capital to expand one’s business. The primary finding of this research is that Islamic financial literacy has been experimentally shown to improve the desire of MSME players to expand their business capacity. There is thereby a need for continuous efforts from the Indonesian Financial Service Authority to collaborate with industry players, organising associations, and syariah scholars to boost Islamic financial literacy through sustainable education. In addition, efforts to maintain the uniqueness of I-SCF and its syariah compliancy must be supported by prospective I-SCF providers, even while awaiting their operational permits.

PERANAN BRAND ANTHROPOMORPHISM DALAM MEMBENTUK KECINTAAN MEREK DAN LOYALITAS MEREK (STUDY PADA KONSUMEN MOBIL EROPA DI INDONESIA)

The aim of this study is to examine the influence of brand anthropomorphism on brand love and its impact on brand loyalty. The study used a quantitative approach with survey methods. The sample in this study amounted to 250 European car users spread across Jakarta, Yogyakarta, Central Java, East Java.The analysis Model in this study will be divided into 3 stages of analysis. The first stage of multiple regression analysis, the second stage of simple regression analysis. The third stage of the moderation test with hierarchical moderated regression Brand anthropomorphism has a positive effect on the formation of brand love. Brand love has a positive effect on brand engagement. For further research it is recommended to add subjective norm variables to this research model.

Payment Intermediary – Key Determinant Influencing Online Payment Intention on E-Commerce Platforms in Vietnam

E-commerce is a new, rising phenomenon in Southeast Asian countries, and online payment methods are becoming increasingly popular on e-commerce platforms. Despite increasing investments in e-commerce platforms' online payment systems, Vietnamese consumers are still doubtful about this innovative payment alternative. This research applied the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to analyze the variables affecting customers' intention to make online payments on e-commerce platforms in Vietnam, a potential Southeast Asian market. In addition, the research group expanded on the primary study by adding the variables of Subjective Norms, Trust, and Risk to validate the findings of the original work in the new context. A new factor suitable for Vietnamese conditions, Payment Intermediary, was included by the authors to better explain the consumers’ attitudes and intentions toward online payments. The surveys were carried out using two methods of basic random sampling: an offline approach at offices and schools, and an online approach using social media. 521 questionnaires were collected, and 448 were considered valid and met the requirements that were initially set. SPSS 26 was used to assess the consistency and validity of all variables and test the hypotheses using a regression model. The hypothesis model was verified. The results showed that the correlation between independent and dependent variables, namely Attitude toward Use and Intention to Use, is very clear. In consumers' use of e-commerce platforms, Payment Intermediary plays a crucial role in developing their online payment attitudes and intentions.

Analisis Theory of Planned Behavior Terhadap Niat Berwirausaha Mahasiswa Universitas Widya Dharma Klaten

This study aims to examine the variables in the theory of planned behavior on the entrepreneurial intention of Widya Dharma University students, Klaten. These variables include behavioral attitudes, subjective norms, and perceptions of behavioral control. The independent and dependent variables used in this research adopted the model of Mwiya et al. (2017). With a total of 90 respondents coming from students who have taken Entrepreneurship courses at Widya Dharma University Klaten as the sample of this study. Based on the results of data analysis using Multiple Regression with SPSS 20.0, it shows that subjective norm variables and perceived behavioral control can influence students' entrepreneurial intentions. Keywords: Behavioral Attitudes, Subjective Norms, Perceived Behavioral Control, and Entrepreneurial Intention

Covid-19 Sürecinde Akademisyenlerin Acil Uzaktan Eğitim Sistemi Kullanım Algılarının Planlı Davranış Teorisi Temelinde Teknoloji Kabul Modeli ile İncelenmesi

Face-to-face education gave way to online emergency education due to the new Coronavirus pandemic. Regarding this change, this study aims to determine how academics perceive emergency distance education systems and the factors that affect their perceptions. Technology Acceptance Model was used for the theory of planned behaviour in this study. The population consisted of academics. Convenience and snowball sampling methods were used to reach the 444 academics that work in 43 different universities. The data were collected with online questionnaire forms through Google Forms. The collected data were tested through reliability, validity and confirmatory factor analyses and the research model was reviewed through the structural equation model. As a result, seven out of the nine suggested hypotheses were accepted. The research concluded that the subjective norm variables based on the theory of planned behaviour such as interpersonal effects and external effects did not have an impact on behavioural intention; perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use had a significantly positive effect on satisfaction towards the use of distant education; satisfaction and perceived behavioural control had a significantly positive effect on behaviour and that behavioural intention had a significantly positive effect on behaviour towards the use of distant education. Keywords: New Coronavirus Pandemic, Technology Acceptance Model, Theory of Planned Behaviour, Emergency Distance Education System, Academics

Theory of Reasoned Action dan Literasi Teknologi terhadap Adaptasi Perubahan Teknologi

One of the company's goals is business continuity. Companies can maintain their survival if supported by human resources who are also ready to follow the demands of changes in their environment. The COVID-19 pandemic is bringing very significant changes in human life today. This study aims to identify the influence of employee profiles and attitudes, subjective norms and information technology literacy on the willingness to adapt to the necessity of using information technology, especially during this pandemic time. This study uses the Theory of Reasoned Action approach as a theoretical basis, electronic questionnaires as a data collection method, and structural equation modeling to observe causal relationships between variables. The results of this study found that the model in this study had met the criteria for the model-fit test, and the only variable affecting employee attitudes was age. Subjective norm variables and information technology literacy have affected employees' intentions to adapt to information technology. The results of this study can be used by companies to design training programs that aim to improve information technology literacy and skills, especially for older employees.