Training Variables Research Articles

Construction and Analysis of Machine Learning Based Transportation Carbon Emission Prediction Model

Addressing the issue of carbon emissions in the transportation sector, this research constructed various predictive models using multiple machine learning algorithms based on panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2005 to 2019. The study aimed to identify the optimal machine learning algorithm and key factors influencing the carbon emissions of transportation, providing potent references for policymakers and decision-makers to reduce carbon emissions and promote the sustainable development of the transportation sector. Initially, drawing from the concept of the fixed effects model, we included the heterogeneity differences among provinces as an important factor. We further employed a combined method of Pearson's correlation coefficient and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient to screen 18 factors influencing transportation carbon emissions. We then made a preliminary selection of seven common machine learning algorithms and used the screened factors as explanatory variables for model training. The three algorithms with the best performance were further optimized and trained. Subsequently, we utilized the K-fold cross-validation method; plotted learning curves to test the performance of each predictive model; and used MSE, MAE, R2, and MAPE as evaluation indicators to determine the best predictive model. SHAP values were chosen to calculate the importance of each explanatory variable in the optimal predictive model. The results indicated that the multicollinearity among the seven factors of provincial differences, total consumption of social goods, urban green space area, freight turnover, number of private cars, transportation industry output, and permanent population was weak, and all passed the significance test. They could be used as explanatory variables in the prediction model of transportation carbon emissions. The prediction results of the Random Forest and XGBoost algorithms were both outstanding, with R2 values above 0.97 and errors below 10 %, showing no signs of overfitting or underfitting. Among them, the XGBoost algorithm performed the best, whereas the KNN algorithm performed poorly. The importance ranking of the explanatory variables was as follows:provincial differences > total consumption of social goods > number of private cars > permanent population > freight turnover > urban green space area > transportation industry output. A comprehensive analysis of relevance and importance showed that provincial differences were an indispensable variable in the prediction of transportation carbon emissions. In conclusion, this study provides a new approach to the governance of carbon emissions in the transportation industry, and the results can serve as a reference for policymakers and decision-makers. In future policy design and decision-making, the distinctive factors of each province should not be overlooked. Measures targeted at specific regions need to be formulated to promote the sustainable development of the transportation industry.

Predictive approach of health indicators from the physical activity habits of active youth

The aim of this study is to analyse the relationship between sport modalities practiced, physical fitness, body composition, and healthy habits in an active young population, using a statistical model for prediction. A total of 2255 (1528 boys and 727 girls) children and adolescents aged 6–17 years old who were involved in extracurricular sports from rural areas of Spain participated. Physical fitness was assessed through validated field test and, body composition was determinated using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed by KIDMED questionnaire. The general sport variable was significant in VO2max when comparing the invasion and combat modalities to the reference level (court/net). The sex and age variables revealed significant differences in all physical fitness and body composition parameters. Health parameters, such as hours of additional practice, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and previous experience, showed significant differences. The study concludes that the sport modality variables of training, sex, age, and maturational period have an impact on body composition and fitness parameters in this population. Therefore, by focusing on factors associated with lower values in health indicators, we can prevent health problems during adulthood, such as cardiorespiratory deficits.

Enhancing Skill, Socio-Economic Status & Family Welfare: Employment-Specific on Job Training in Pakistan's Informal Sector

Pakistan, with a population exceeding 200 million and the 10th largest labor force globally, grapples with a significant informal sector, employing a majority of its workforce, particularly the youth. This research paper explores the dynamics of the informal sector, its contributions to the economy, and the challenges faced by informal workers. The focus is on the crucial role of employment-specific training in enhancing the skills and livelihoods of the labor force engaged in micro-businesses within the informal economy. The data was collected from 1200workers and 60 entrepreneurs from 6 major cities of Pakistan. The application of the chi-square technique revealed significant positive correlations between on job training and various variables. Notably, a positive correlation was observed between on job training and skill proficiency, emphasizing the role of training in enhancing workers' skills. Positive correlations were also found with factors such as total duration and resources, wages, socio-economic status, engagement level, family welfare, and positive attitude This paper delves into the complexities and contributions of the informal sector, emphasizing the need for tailored policies and strategies.

Internal and External Validation of Machine Learning Models for Predicting Acute Kidney Injury Following Non-Cardiac Surgery Using Open Datasets.

This study developed and validated a machine learning model to accurately predict acute kidney injury (AKI) after non-cardiac surgery, aiming to improve patient outcomes by assessing its clinical feasibility and generalizability. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from 76,032 adults who underwent non-cardiac surgery at a single tertiary medical center between March 2019 and February 2021, and used data from 5512 patients from the VitalDB open dataset for external model validation. The predictive variables for model training consisted of demographic, preoperative laboratory, and intraoperative data, including calculated statistical values such as the minimum, maximum, and mean intraoperative blood pressure. When predicting postoperative AKI, our gradient boosting machine model incorporating all the variables achieved the best results, with AUROC values of 0.868 and 0.757 for the internal and external validations using the VitalDB dataset, respectively. The model using intraoperative data performed best in internal validation, while the model with preoperative data excelled in external validation. In this study, we developed a predictive model for postoperative AKI in adult patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery using preoperative and intraoperative data, and external validation demonstrated the efficacy of open datasets for generalization in medical artificial modeling research.

Differences in the Effect of Circuit Training and Fartlex Training on Increasing Vo2Max of Pencak Silat Athletes

Study Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in the effect between circuit training and fartlek training in increasing VO2Max for pencak silat athletes. Materials and Methods. This study uses experimental research methodology with independent variables of circuit training and fartlek training, the dependent variable is VO2Max. The sample in this study amounted to 26 martial arts athletes with total sampling. Circuit training exercises have an effect on increasing VO2Max, then Fartlek training has an effect on increasing VO2Max. Results. The results of the value of the two tests obtained a value of 0.00 <0.05 circuit training and farlek training of 0.01 <0.05. before and after being given exercise treatment it can be concluded that the results obtained by circuit training and Fartlex Exercise Influence on Increasing VO2Max athletes who are significant. Conclusion. Based on the results of research and data analysis, it can be concluded that circuit training has a significant effect on increasing VO2Max, fartlek training has a significant effect on increasing VO2Max. when viewed from these two exercises, fartlek training has a more significant effect on increasing VO2Max for Pencak Silat athletes.

Influence of intramuscular steroid receptor content and fiber capillarization on skeletal muscle hypertrophy.

Multiple intramuscular variables have been proposed to explain the high variability in resistance training induced muscle hypertrophy across humans. This study investigated if muscular androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor α (ERα) and β (ERβ) content and fiber capillarization are associated with fiber and whole-muscle hypertrophy after chronic resistance training. Male (n = 11) and female (n = 10) resistance training novices (22.1 ± 2.2 years) trained their knee extensors 3×/week for 10 weeks. Vastus lateralis biopsies were taken at baseline and post the training period to determine changes in fiber type specific cross-sectional area (CSA) and fiber capillarization by immunohistochemistry and, intramuscular AR, ERα and ERβ content by Western blotting. Vastus lateralis volume was quantified by MRI-based 3D segmentation. Vastus lateralis muscle volume significantly increased over the training period (+7.22%; range: -1.82 to +18.8%, p < 0.0001) but no changes occurred in all fiber (+1.64%; range: -21 to +34%, p = 0.869), type I fiber (+1.33%; range: -24 to +41%, p = 0.952) and type II fiber CSA (+2.19%; range: -23 to +29%, p = 0.838). However, wide inter-individual ranges were found. Resistance training increased the protein expression of ERα but not ERβ and AR, and the increase in ERα content was positively related to changes in fiber CSA. Only for the type II fibers, the baseline capillary-to-fiber-perimeter index was positively related to type II fiber hypertrophy but not to whole muscle responsiveness. In conclusion, an upregulation of ERα content and an adequate initial fiber capillarization may be contributing factors implicated in muscle fiber hypertrophy responsiveness after chronic resistance training.

The Effect of Training, Work Motivation and Work Discipline on Employee Performance at PT Maya Gapura Intan Bandung

Employee performance is a result that a person achieves in carrying out the tasks and responsibilities given to him based on skills, experience and perseverance and time at work. Given the influence of training, work motivation provided by the company and work discipline carried out by employees, so that employee performance can increase in an effort to achieve company goals. This study aims to determine the effect of training, work motivation and work discipline on employee performance. The analysis method used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis with a quantitative approach. The total sample size was 43 people. The results in this study indicate that training, work motivation and work discipline simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on employee performance, while partially each variable of training, work motivation and work discipline has a positive and significant effect on employee performance.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE USE OF INFORMATION AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF VILLAGE APPARATUS IN PASIR DISTRICT EAST LAMPUNG SAKTI

In this context, research on the impact of training and employment incentives on the performance of Siskeudes operators in the district of Seketar, East Lampung becomes important. This research will look at whether the training given to Siskeude operators has a positive impact on their performance. In addition, the research will also dig into the influence of employment inducements on Siskeudas operators' performance in that district. This research uses descriptive quantitative methods. The data collection technique in this study is a questionnaire with samples of 17 respondents using saturated sampling techniques. The data analysis technique used in this study is simple regression with the help of the SPSS 16 application. The results of this study suggest that job training variables have a positive and significant impact on employee performance. The correlation factor was 67.3%, while the remaining 32.7% was influenced by other factors that were not included in the study. Keywords: Training, Incentive, Performance

The Role of Internal Motivation in Mediating The Influence of Competency and Training on Employee Productivity

This research aims to test hypotheses and analyze the role of internal motivation in mediating the influence of competency and training on employee productivity at PT. Mukti Lestari Desa Harapan Jaya Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir. Desain/Metodologi/Pendekatan – The population used in this study were all employees of PT Mukti Lestari Harapan Jaya Village, Indragiri Hilir Regency. The sampling method used is the census method or saturated sample, the sample in this study was 45 people. The variables used in compiling statements include variables about competence, training, internal motivation and productivity with a Likert scale of 1-5. productivity with a Likert scale of 1-5. Findings– In this research it is known that 1) competency has an effect on productivity, 2) training has an effect on productivity, 3) Competency has an indirect effect on employee productivity with internal motivation as a mediating variable, 4) Training has an indirect effect on employee productivity with internal motivation as a mediating variable.. Research limitations– Limitations in this research are: this research only uses competency, training, internal motivation and productivity variables, so for further research it is hoped that there will be additional variables such as work environment, organizational commitment, working hours and others. Originality/value– This research uses internal motivation as a mediating variable and employee productivity as the dependent variable so this research is different from previous research.

A comprehensive study of the academic benefits and practical recommendations to include resistance training programs in institutional education.

The connection between physical activity and cognitive function has become a focus of attention in educational research in recent years. Regular exercise has been shown to have significant positive effects on physical health, but it also appears to have a significant impact on cognitive function and academic performance. Of all the exercise modalities, resistance training has drawn interest for its ability to improve cerebral abilities in addition to physical well-being. However, there is limited available knowledge exploring the relationship between resistance training regimens and academic performance. This narrative review aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms linking resistance training to academic performance. Firstly, we will examine the biological mechanisms and psychosocial links that potentially connect resistance training to academic performance to find and describe the different mechanisms by which resistance training improves academic performance. In the next part of the work, we delve into the existing observational and intervention studies that have explored the relationship between resistance training and academic performance. Lastly, we provide practical recommendations for including resistance training in institutional education settings, emphasizing the need of dispelling myths and addressing barriers to increase participation as well as the relevance of considering key training variables and adaptation of protocols to developmental stages, always guided by a properly trained professional. Overall, the available evidence supports that resistance training provides potential benefits to the academic performance of youth students with many biological and psychosocial factors that explain this relationship. However, most of the studies are observational, and broader interventional studies are needed to understand and maximize the benefits of this type of physical exercise.

Assessing the State of Training in Congenital Interventional Cardiology: A Global Survey of Program Directors.

This study aimed to evaluate the current state of congenital interventional cardiology training worldwide, with a focus on case volumes, competency assessment, and the need for ongoing mentorship during early career stages. A survey was conducted among program directors (PDs) of congenital interventional training programs across the globe. The survey gathered data on training pathways, case volumes, types of procedures performed, trainee competency assessment, and the role of ongoing mentorship. Of the 79 PDs who completed the survey, it was observed that training pathways and case volumes varied significantly, particularly between the United States and other countries. Most PDs reported an annual laboratory case volume of >500 congenital cardiac cases, with most cases being interventional. While trainees demonstrated competency in simple procedures (diagnostic cases, simple ASD closure), complex interventions (such as patent ductus arteriosus closure in premature infants) require ongoing mentorship for graduates. PDs recommended a minimum case volume of 400 total cases for trainees, including 250 interventional cases. In addition to case volumes, assessing trainee competency was deemed important, with clinical reasoning, judgment, skillset, teamwork, and complication management being key areas of evaluation. The study highlights the variability in congenital interventional cardiology training and the need for ongoing mentorship during the early career years. External mentorship programs, facilitated by national and international societies, are proposed to provide critical support for early career interventionalists thus enhancing patient care for congenital heart disease. Ultimately, the findings of this survey may serve as a framework for future training standards and guidelines in this specialized field.

A Neural Network Approach for Software Reliability Prediction

The increasing reliance on computer software has raised significant concerns regarding software reliability evaluation. Over the past four decades, various software reliability models have been developed, encompassing both parametric and nonparametric approaches. However, no single model has demonstrated effectiveness in handling all types of datasets. In response to this challenge, the deep neural network (DNN), a powerful deep learning model, has emerged as a promising solution. By leveraging the flexibility and adaptability of artificial neural networks (ANN), the DNN model exhibits remarkable prediction performance by capturing training variables and exploring deeper layers. This study presents an approach that utilizes a DNN model based on an ANN architecture with multiple activation functions. This approach aims to estimate software reliability and predict the frequency of software flaws. Through extensive experimental analysis and validation, the proposed DNN model surpasses the predictive accuracy achieved by existing parametric and nonparametric models. These results highlight the potential of the DNN model in effectively addressing the complexities involved in software reliability evaluation. By combining the power of deep learning with the adaptability of ANN, the proposed model offers a promising and accurate solution for software reliability prediction.

Pengaruh Pelatihan Dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT. PLN (Persero) Unit Pelaksana Pelayanan Pelanggan Banjarmasin

The purpose of this study was to examine and analyze the effect of training and HR development on the performance of employees of PT PLN (Persero) UP3 Banjarmasin. The research method used is explanatory research with a quantitative approach, where variables are measured using a Likert scale and data collection methods are observation, questionnaires and interviews. The sample in this study were 43 employees of PT PLN (Persero) UP3 Banjarmasin from a total population of 75 people. Data processing in this study using SPSS software version 25, with descriptive analysis and multiple regression analysis hypothesis testing. The results showed that: (1) Partially, the training variable had a positive and significant effect on the performance of the employees of PT PLN (Persero) UP3 Banjarmasin as evidenced by the tcount of 2.202. (2) Partially, the HR development variable has a significant effect on the performance of the employees of PT PLN (Persero) UP3 Banjarmasin, as evidenced by the tcount value of 2,534. (3) Simultaneously, the variables of training and human resource development have a significant effect on the performance of employees of PT PLN (Persero) UP3 Banjarmasin as evidenced by the value of Fcount = 39,164.

Anthropometric, neuromuscular, physiologic and training variables as determinants to laboratory cycling performance.

The goal of this study was to verify whether anthropometric, physiological and neuromuscular factors, as well as training characteristics, could predict cycling performance during maximal incremental and time-to-exhaustion tests. Twenty cyclists were evaluated: Anthropometric variables, knee extensor muscle activation and architecture, training history, and training volume were assessed. Second ventilatory threshold (VT<inf>2</inf>), maximal oxygen uptake (VO<inf>2MAX</inf>), and maximal power output (PO<inf>MAX</inf>) were assessed during the incremental test. Muscle architecture of the vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) muscles was evaluated bilaterally to calculate the mean thighs' muscle thickness, pennation angle and fascicle length, at rest condition. After that, time-to-exhaustion test at PO<inf>MAX</inf> was performed. Muscle activation of the VL, RF and vastus medialis (VM) was evaluated of both legs. Cyclists' height (r2=0.37), experience time and training volume (r2=0.46) were predictors of PO<inf>MAX</inf> (P<0.02), while cadence (r2=0.30) was the only predictive variable for the time-to-exhaustion performance (P<0.01). These results suggest that training characteristics and experience are important when training for incremental cycling conditions, whereas cadence (and its determinant variables) should be looked at during maximal and exhaustive conditions.

Resistance Exercise Sessions Comprising Multijoint vs. Single-Joint Exercises Result in Similar Metabolic and Hormonal Responses, But Distinct Levels of Muscle Damage in Trained Men.

Barbosa, PH, Bueno de Camargo, JB, Jonas de Oliveira, J, Reis Barbosa, CG, Santos da Silva, A, Dos-Santos, JW, Verlengia, R, Barreira, J, Braz, TV, and Lopes, CR. Resistance exercise sessions comprising multijoint vs. single-joint exercises result in similar metabolic and hormonal responses, but distinct levels of muscle damage in trained men. J Strength Cond Res 38(5): 842-847, 2024-Resistance-type exercise (RE) elicits distinct acute metabolic and hormonal responses, which can be modulated by the manipulation of training variables. The purpose of this study was to compare the metabolic (blood lactate and estimated lactic anaerobic system energy expenditure) and hormonal (growth hormone [GH]) responses to RE sessions composed exclusively of multijoint (MULTI) or single-joint (SINGLE) exercises. Assessments of creatine kinase (CK) levels were also performed. In a crossover design, 10 recreationally resistance-trained men (age: 26.9 ± 3.0 years, total body mass: 83.2 ± 13.8 kg; height: 176 ± 7.0 cm; training experience: 5.5 ± 2.4 years) were randomly submitted to both protocols. Blood collections were made pre, 3 minutes after, and 36 hours after each experimental session. No significant difference between MULTI vs. SINGLE was observed for the rises in blood lactate (p = 0.057) and GH (p = 0.285) levels. For CK, a significant difference between the protocols was noted, in which MULTI resulted in significant rises after 3 minutes (p = 0.017) and 36 hours (p = 0.043) compared with SINGLE. In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest that resistance-trained individuals display similar metabolic and hormonal responses when performing MULTI and SINGLE exercise protocols. Also, RE sessions comprising MULTI exercises induce a higher magnitude of muscle damage, which may require a longer recovery period compared with SINGLE.

PENGARUH PENGEMBANGAN PROGRAM DESA WISATA TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN MASYARAKAT BANTUL (STUDI KASUS: DESA WISATA TEMBI TIMBULHARJO KAPANEWON SEWON BANTUL DIY)

This study was conducted with the aim to analyze the development of tourism village programs in their effect on increasing community income, focusing on Tembi Timbulharjo Kapanewon Sewon Bantul DIY Tourism Village. In this study, quantitative methods with a descriptive approach were used. Primary data was collected through the distribution of questionnaires to the people of Tembi Tourism Village with a total sample of 91 people collected through the random sampling method. Then analyzed with a multiple linear regression analysis model and produced findings that proved that the community participation variable (X1) and facility variable (X2) did not have a partial influence on increasing community income (Y), but the training variable (X3) and promotion variable (X4) had a partial influence on increasing community income. Meanwhile, simultaneously the variables of community participation (X1), facilities (X2), training (X3), and promotion (X4) have a significant influence on increasing community income (Y) in Tembi tourism village.

THE INFLUENCE OF WORK CULTURE, WORK MOTIVATION, TRAINING, AND HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT ON IMPROVING WORK ETHIC

This research aims to determine the influence of work culture variables on increasing work ethic, the influence of work motivation variables on increasing work ethic, the influence of training variables on increasing work ethic, and the influence of human resource development variables on increasing work ethic (Case Study of Coffee Farmers in Sumber Canting Village, District (Bottleinggo, Bondowoso Regency). This research uses a quantitative approach, which means research that aims to determine the influence or relationship between two or more variables. This research examines the influence of work culture, work motivation, training, and HR development on increasing work ethic, using quantitative descriptive methods, namely to determine whether or not there is an influence of work culture, work motivation, training, and HR development on increasing work ethic. The results of this research can be partially concluded that work culture, work motivation, training, and human resource development have a significant effect on increasing work ethic.

Pengaruh Pelatihan, Disiplin, dan Pengawasan terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) di Kota Ambon

Ambon City consists of 30 villages and 20 sub-districts. In 2018 there are 14 villages established Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes). BUMDes is one of the business units in the village is expected to be able to increase community efforts in managing village potential in Ambon City. Reality, BUMDes in Ambon City has some issues, including insufficient and subpar of human resources. Based on these issues, the research aims to determine and analyze the influence of training, discipline and supervision on the performance of Ambon City BUMDes employees. The research method used is quantitative research. Data was obtained through interviews, observations and questionnaires. Data analysis using linear regression analysis using SPSS 26 software. The sample used was 40 employees in BUMDes, Ambon City. The research results show that training, discipline and supervision variables influence the performance of Ambon City BUMDes employees. It is hoped that the implications of this research will serve as material for consideration and evaluation to improve and enhance the performance of Ambon City BUMDes employees

The Influence of Work Discipline, Transformational Leadership Style, and Job Training on Employee Performance

Currently, the ability of human resources greatly determines the success of a company in achieving its goals. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of work discipline, transformational leadership style, and job training on employee performance at Bank Kalteng Tamiang Layang. This study used quantitative methods with an associational descriptive approach using questionnaires as a data measuring tool. The population in this study amounted to 32 employees. Sampling technique using non-probability sampling. Data analysis in this study consisted of multiple linear regression analysis and hypothesis testing using SPSS application. The results of this study are known that the work discipline variable has a significance value of 0.848. The Transformational Leadership Style variable has a significance value of 0.255. The job training variable has a significance value of 0.192. So it can be concluded that work discipline, transformational leadership style, and job training have a positive and significant effect on employee performance at Bank Kalteng Tamiang Layang.

The Importance of Recovery in Resistance Training Microcycle Construction.

Systemic resistance training aims to enhance performance by balancing stress, fatigue and recovery. While fatigue is expected, insufficient recovery may temporarily impair performance. The aim of this review was to examine evidence regarding manipulation of resistance training variables on subsequent effects on recovery and performance. PubMed, Medline, SPORTDiscus, Scopus and CINAHL were searched. Only studies that investigated recovery between resistance training sessions were selected, with a total of 24 articles included for review. Training to failure may lengthen recovery times, potentially impairing performance; however, it may be suitable if implemented strategically ensuring adequate recovery between sessions of similar exercises or muscle groups. Higher volumes may increase recovery demands, especially when paired with training to failure, however, with wide variation in individual responses, it is suggested to start with lower volume, monitor recovery, and gradually increase training volume if appropriate. Exercises emphasising the lower body, multi-joint movements, greater muscle recruitment, eccentric contractions, and/or the lengthened position may require longer recovery times. Adjusting volume and frequency of these exercises can affect recovery demands depending on the goals and training logistics. Daily undulating programming may maximise performance on priority sessions while maintaining purposeful and productive easy days. For example, active recovery in the form of training opposing muscle groups, light aerobic cardio, or low-volume power-type training may improve recovery and potentially elicit a post activation potentiation priming effect compared to passive recovery. However, it is possible that training cessation may be adequate for allowing sufficient recovery prior to sessions of importance.