Throughput Values Research Articles

Komunikasi Kooperatif D2D dengan Bantuan UAV Berbasis AF/DF Multi Relay dengan Dampak Hardware Impairment

This work investigates the implementation of hybrid AF and DF relay protocols in D2D multi-relay wireless communication systems. To obtain system performance we propose four scenarios for using the AF and DF relay protocols and three S – R and R – D distance conditions that have an impact on system performance in terms of throughput values. From the simulation results it is concluded that the R – D distance will produce the highest SNR value which produces the best system throughput value compared to . The simulation results also prove that applying the AF relay protocol to all relays produces better SNR values ​​and better throughput values ​​than applying the DF relay protocol. Simulation results with the impact of hardware impairment (HI) levels show that system performance in the first scenario is actually worse than other scenarios when the κ value is above 0.1.

Analysis of Base Station Replacement Using the Cost-231 Propagation Model and Stanford University Interim (SUI) on the LTE Network in Pauh District, Padang

The increase in network traffic is caused by an imbalance between the number of users and the provision of network capacity, causing the decrease of network performance. This is often found in densely populated areas with a large number of users so that the use of cellular access services is fairly high. For this reason, it is necessary to optimize the network, one of which is by replacing existing devices (swap). Site 31140_Lubuk Bukit, Pauh District, Padang is one of the base stations that has a performance issue, which has a low throughput value (±5Mbps) and a high traffic value of 83 GB/day with Flexi Multi Radio device type and sectoral antenna. Therefore, the existing equipment is replaced, from the FMR type to the Airscale type which minimizes the use of sectoral equipment and antenna types (3 sectors) to multisectoral (6 sectors). The measurement process is carried out using two methods, namely the COST-231 propagation model for the frequency of 1800 MHz and the Stanford University Interim (SUI) for the frequency of 2100 MHz then the Key Performance Indicator (KPI) parameters with the parameters of accessibility, retainability, integrity, mobility, usage, propagation loss and receive power. The results showed that the optimization carried out by the swap method could improve the site's performance, namely a decrease in traffic reaching 31.42% and an increase in throughput up to 60% and followed by an increase in other parameters that have met the threshold value.

Real-time Tracking System for Distribution Information of Logistics Enterprises Based on IOT Technology

Logistics enterprise distribution information real-time tracking system in the actual application process, there is the problem of low cargo throughput, this study was aimed to design a kind of logistics enterprise distribution information real-time tracking system based on Internet of Things technology. In hardware part: control the reading and writing equipment according to the predetermined working mode, adjust the parameters of the reader, connect the circuit and other accessories; in software part: increase the correlation between the tables by setting foreign keys, build the logistics enterprise distribution information database, control and supervise the logistics activities. The result shows that the average value of cargo throughput between the real-time tracking system of distribution information of logistics enterprises in the paper and two other real-time tracking systems of logistics enterprises is 1412.14 T/H, 1049.38 T/H and 1088.81 T/H respectively, indicating that the real-time tracking system of distribution information of logistics enterprises designed after the application of IOT technology is more perfect.

Frequency Based Supervisory Power Management Approach for Battery-Supercapacitor Electric Vehicle Considering Road Slope

This article proposes a real time strategy based on frequency separation for energy management of battery/Supercapacitor (SC) based Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) in Electric Vehicle (EV). The performance and life cycle of battery are important parameters in determining the efficiency of EVs. With the aim of improving the effectiveness of battery in battery/SC based EVs, a supervisory Symlets wavelet based Energy Management System (EMS) using Fuzzy Controller (FC) is proposed which considers real time road slope and vehicle condition. Actual road grade values are computed from Contour Positioning System (CPS) using Google Earth software. Symlets wavelet control technique is utilised to separate the high frequency transients from the required load power. After separation of high frequency components, a FC is developed to provide an additional reference power for battery and SC. Then, the high frequency transients along with additional power obtained from FC are allocated to SC and the rest is handled by the battery. Three road slope conditions viz. city tour, downhill and uphill and two drive cycles viz. NYCC and UDDS are applied to examine the capability of proposed EMS. The proposed Fuzzy Symlets Wavelet based controller is observed to improve the battery Ampere hour (Ah) throughput and Root Mean Square (RMS) value of battery current in comparison to only Symlets wavelet based controller for city tour, uphill and downhill journeys. The results indicate the robustness and superiority of the designed Fuzzy Symlets Wavelet based control technique as compared to Symlets Wavelet technique in handling practical conditions and improving vehicle performance.

The Application of Online Education and Teaching Management System Based on Network and ASP Technology

In order to facilitate better communication between students and teachers, submit learning questions, and make it easier for teachers to manage students during the learning process, the author has designed an online education and teaching management system based on network technology. The system utilizes ASP technology and uses SQL Server as the database to display a user-friendly interface, successfully achieving various functions of the online classroom teaching system. For the target user college students, it is hoped that the application of this system can improve teaching efficiency. In order to verify the comprehensive performance of the designed education system, tests were conducted, the test results show that the throughput rate of 20 users accessing the system is also due to the setting of a collection point every time data is submitted, and the majority of the throughput rate is concentrated after each form input and data submission. Some pages have higher throughput values due to their download task operations. This study is of great significance for developing effective educational resources, helping teachers organize and guide course teaching, making effective evaluations of learning resources and learners, and developing effective online education platforms.

Analysis of Multi-Node QoS in Shrimp Pond Monitoring System with Fog Computing

Most of Indonesia’s territory consists of oceans, presenting a significant potential for developing the fisheries sector. Shrimp is among Indonesia’s flagship commodities with substantial export potential. Internationally, Indonesia holds the fourth position as the largest exporter of frozen shrimp globally. However, shrimp cultivation faces various challenges, including declining water quality due to factors such as water sources and weather, which can adversely affect harvest yields. To preempt potential failures, employing smart devices and technology in shrimp cultivation offers an effective and efficient solution for monitoring and management. This study aims to analyze water quality monitoring in ponds considering the speed of data transmission from end devices to fog using Quality of Service (QoS) parameters like delay/latency, throughput, and packet loss. Data transmission tests were conducted at data rates of 5 Mbps and 10 Mbps, with a bandwidth of 1500 Mbps. The study involves three sensors—water temperature, pH, and salinity—placed in shrimp ponds. Test results showed a decrease in throughput by 1.54% at the sensor node and 2.99% at the sink node when packet data delivery encountered barriers like obstacles. There was a 74.13% increase in latency when the delivery distance extended to 35 meters. The achievable delivery range with low latency was up to 10 meters with barriers and 25 meters without. Thus, latency and throughput values vary depending on the presence of barriers and transmission distance. Barriers tend to increase latency and decrease throughput.

Interference Management Using Distance-based Clustering Method for D2D Communication Underlaying Multicell Cellular Network

Device-to-Device (D2D) communication is a technology candidate to support the next generation of cellular communication networks. D2D has the potential to boost the efficiency of frequency resources and system capacity. Generally, D2D performs in-band underlaying or shares frequency channels with traditional cellular users, which can cause co-channel interference problems between these two types of users. This paper offers a solution through a clustering technique for D2D users (DUEs) to reduce interference among DUEs. Clustering technique is performed on DUEs by allocating different frequency channels in a group, in order to reduce the interference effects experienced. Thus, it is expected that through this proposed method, both D2D and cellular users can experience better signal quality with minimal interference effects. Two systems have been considered i.e., the conventional/baseline system and the system with the proposed clustering method. The simulation results show that the SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio) values and throughput for the proposed system compared to the baseline system has increased. The SINR result obtained is 16.8 dB for the baseline system and 17.68 dB for the proposed system, and resulting an improvement of 5.4%. Therefore, applying the proposed clustering method is able to increase acceptability of the desired signals for the observed DUEs. Then, the throughput value also increases by 5%, i.e., from 56.17 to 59 Mbps, which the system with the proposed clustering method provides a better increase in data transmission speed compared to the baseline system.

Trilateration method based node localization and energy efficient routing using rsa for under water wireless sensor network

UWSN refers to a collection of numerous underwater wireless sensor-nodes dispersed throughout the marine environment. Proposed work develops node-localization and optimal relay node selection based routing approach for UWSN. Target nodes initially listen to the beacon for a certain amount of time whenever they are within range of an anchor node before retrieving an anchor-node with RSS data. Next, the Euclidean distance between a target node and an anchor node is determined. After that, another two anchor nodes were placed within the transmission range. The suggested approach then uses modified COOT-optimization to determine the target sensor node's coordinates in an effort to reduce localization-error. After that, the process of uneven clustering and selecting the cluster heads was done. For identifying the ideal relay node, the proposed technique employs a parameter-based approach to CH discovery, particularly RSO. Finally, using an information fusion technique, the sensing information is sent through relay nodes. Proposed localization and routing algorithm is validated using some of the parameter which achieves better performance like 94% localization accuracy, 6% localization error, 2.4% throughput value and 81% packet delivery ratio. It performs better when compared to other existing approaches such as DEEC, SEP, ELEACH and LEACH whose localization accuracy are 93%, 84%, 80% and 78%. Thus the techniques utilized in this proposed approach are the best choice for node localization and routing in UWSN.

Implementation of LoRa on entrance and exit communication as determination of access to AI building, State Polytechnic of Malang

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed many areas of life. One of the consequences is that the learning zone causes reduced mobility and limited face-to-face meetings. State Polytechnic of Malang in overcoming face-to-face learning, especially practical learning in the AI ??Building, of course, many students, not only have the need for practical lectures. The research that the author is doing here is a field research using a quantitative approach. This research was conducted at the AI Building of the State Polytechnic of Malang. In collecting the data needed the author uses observation techniques. Discussion used data analysis methods. The results of the research for the RSSI pattern with the transmit power set at 18dBm lora and the antenna frequency used at 433MHz obtained the RSSI value. At a distance of 2m to 8m there is a decrease in RSSI starting from -57dBm to -80dBm, continuing from a distance of 8m to 42m there is an ups and downs in RSSI. The throughput result is strongly influenced by the value of bytes and the time the throughput value when done twice scanning is smaller than four times scanning because the scanning processes have different times, this is in accordance with the calculation formula.

Improving QoS in mobile multimedia streaming with SCTP-PQ

The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is often the preferred transport layer protocol in streaming applications. This protocol combines the best aspects of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP), but also offers additional features. SCTP supports multihoming and multi-streaming applications and has a congestion mechanism like TCP. Media streaming consists of different types of frames with different levels of importance. For example, I-frames carry more information than B-frames in Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG). Usually, MPEG frames are processed using the First-In-First-Out (FIFO) algorithm. In this paper, a four-level priority queue integrated protocol named SCTP Priority Queue (SCTP-PQ) has been developed to reduce jitter and delay in real-time multimedia streaming for mobile devices. As part of the development, priority and retransmitted packets are determined on the sending side and these packets are processed faster by using the priority queue on the receiving side. In this way, the average queue delay of priority packets on the receiving side is reduced by 90 % and the throughput values are increased by an average of 10 times. The developed protocol has been extensively tested and compared with SCTP. The results show that the SCTP-PQ outperforms the standard SCTP in terms of jitter and delay.

Improving QoS Parameters for Clustering in MANET using Grey Wolf Optimization and Global Algorithm Technique

Manet have several nodes that are linked together wirelessly and the nodes are mobile in nature. Nodes position is flexible. The primary issue with the traditional clustering method is that it is prone to become trapped in the regional optimum path. While the nodes are being transmitted or received, energy is used. Through the use of the GWOGA clustering technique, CHs collect data from cluster participants and communicate other nodes with the cluster. While choosing the best CH to lengthen the network's lifespan is the Manet is most vital responsibility. Clustering based on the Grey Wolf Optimization and Global Algorithm (GWOGA), an attempt has been made to address this issue. GWOGA search function is employed for the best cluster centres in the supplied feature span. The cluster centres are encoded using the agent representation. When choosing the best CHs, the GWOGA dynamically balances the process of increasing and diversifying search. In addition, choosing the best CHs for the network is aided by factors like node degree, energy, distance, node centrality, Throughput, Delay, Path Loss Ratio, etc. The computational findings show that GWOGA offers improved values of excellent throughput, packet delivery ratio, end delay, energy a better lifespan segregated with the performance of normal clustering method. NS2 simulator is used for the simulation for finding QoS parameters.

Four-Layer QoS Analysis for Multimedia Traffic over Wi-Fi Network at UPNVJ Laboratory

One technique to evaluate and enhance the quality of telecommunications services is to monitor and measure the Quality of Service (QoS) and the user’s Quality of Experience (QoE). This method is suitable to be performed in an area that provides public Wi-Fi for multi-user, such as Wi-Fi at the UPN Veteran Jakarta Electrical Engineering Laboratory. The survey results show that there are still many issues experienced by users regarding the availability, accessibility, retainability, and stability of the network and application services accessed. The multimedia application services analyzed in this study are WhatsApp Desktop Call (voice traffic), Zoom Meeting (video traffic), and the UPNVJ LeADS web (data traffic). The tools used for data collection are Wireshark, PRTG, router admin panel web, and Command Prompt. Based on the monitoring, it was found that: network quality degrades when connected to more than 5 devices at the same time, frequent downtime conditions can reach 54% in a day, and the average data packet traffic speed across one device is 4,34 Mbps. Based on the average calculation of the QoS parameters measured: the highest throughput value is obtained on the UPNVJ LeADS web which reaches 102,09 Kbps, the highest delay value is obtained in the WA Desktop Call which reaches 521,39 ms, the highest jitter value is obtained in the WA Desktop Call which reaches 1,21 ms, and the highest packet loss value is obtained in Zoom Meeting which reaches 2,16%. The most common issue experienced by users is the “no internet” condition on the Wi-Fi network. The solution for network optimization in this condition can be done by administration setting and network management.

Development of hybrid intrusion detection system based on Suricata with pfSense method for high reduction of DDoS attacks on IPv6 networks

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks is a problem in computer networks. DDoS attacks pose a significant threat to internet networks as they cause congestion and disrupt the optimal functioning of servers. Detecting the source of these attacks is essential for effective protection. Therefore, in this study, we propose a hybrid strategy that combines Suricata, an intrusion detection system (IDS), with pfSense, a firewall, to address DDoS attacks. Suricata, the IDS, can identify the destination of the attack, which allows pfSense, the Firewall, to block the attack by dropping packets sent by the attacker. As a result, by leveraging this combined approach, we have observed significant improvements in the quality of service (QoS). The results of our study indicate a 1.08 % increase in throughput value, from 1881.97 bytes to 902.44 bytes, demonstrating improved efficiency in data transmission. Additionally, we observed a 57.32 % increase in the average total number of packets sent, from 1382 packets to 3238 packets, indicating better network performance. Furthermore, the proposed strategy significantly reduced delay and jitter values. The delay value decreased by 88.78 %, from 90.76 ms to 10.18 ms, and the jitter value decreased by 88.99 %, from 181.85 ms to 20.03 ms. These improvements signify a notable reduction in latency and packet timing variations, leading to a smoother network experience. Another crucial aspect we evaluated was the CPU utilization. The proposed strategy resulted in a substantial decrease in CPU utilization by 81.23 %, from 78.3 % to 14.7 %. The combination of pfSense and Suricata has proven to be a successful approach, providing robust protection against DDoS attacks, including those utilizing IPv6. This research can be implemented as a solution on a campus ad-hoc network with limited computers

Secure Internet of medical Things (IoMT) based on ECMQV-MAC authentication protocol and EKMC-SCP blockchain networking

The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is a collection of healthcare technologies (medical equipment, software applications, and services) that allows doctors, care providers, and medical test centers to store and exchange health data electronically. However, protecting data privacy via IoMT transmission is a difficult problem. To preserve privacy, blockchain integrated with IoMT enables resilience against a variety of attacks. Blockchain accomplishes peer-to-peer data sharing and stops the majority of the attackers. However, adopting blockchain for Healthcare applications is a prominent challenge due to data privacy issues such as illegal authentication, Byzantine Problems, majority attacks, high computing power, and the enormous storage required to compute healthcare data. Blockchain restrictions in the IoMT sector are solved using the proposed encrypted K-means clustering-based stellar consensus protocol (EKMC-SCP) blockchain networking method. The proposed framework performs mutual user authentication based on the elliptic curve Menezes–Qu–Vanstone-based message authentication code (ECMQV-MAC) protocol under a secure data storage using Deltoid curve-based Pallier cryptosystem (DC-PC) and a key generation mechanism using the Dixon’s method-based Blum–Goldwasser cryptosystem, (DM-BGC). The protocol provides a legal authentication for users to access the blockchain networking (BCN) and avoids large data storage in BC. Furthermore, key generation method makes the privacy of the data more robust against certain internal and external attacks. Finally, a legal user can upload healthcare data in BC, and secure data transfer is performed using EKMC-SCP in the BCN. The experimental results show that the developed framework obtains better throughput and PDR value and reduces the privacy leakages and the time overhead to generating new blocks compared to those of existing state-of-the-art methods.

Quality of Service Analysis on EaTrain Application at A Restaurant on A Train

One of the services on the train is a dining car that sells food and drinks. However, the current system has problems such as the unclear position and operating hours of the dining car, the lack of menu information, and the difficulty of officers in giving change. The purpose of this research is to make it easier for passengers to order food and drinks, increase the officer’s efficiency in managing menu, and determine the network quality while using the EaTrain application on the train. The EaTrain application was built using android studio with cloud firestore as a database for storing data, and integrated with midtrans payment gateway in making payments. Wireshark software is used to measure the network quality of EaTrain application in train restaurant. The test results show that the EaTrain application can run well on Android 7.0 devices and above. The value of delay, throughput, and packet loss in Quality of Service (QoS) testing while making payments is determined by network quality of each provider. Provider A has average delay of 123ms, packet loss is 10.72%, and throughput is 3974 bps. While provider B has average delay at 1343ms, packet loss is 50.88%, and throughput is 33628 bps.

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS IN CONDITIONS OF HIGH INTERFERENCE INTENSITY

Context. The decrease in the probability of successful frame transmission in the infrastructure domain of IEEE 802.11 DCF wireless network is caused both by the influence of the collision intensity and by the impact of external interference in the radio path. Using the Markov chain approach as a baseline, we explicitly expressed the dependence of the network throughput on the number of operating stations, bit error rate (BER), and the frame fragmentation factor.
 Objective. The purpose of this article is to study the influence of interference intensity on the throughput of a wireless network domain in a wide range of the number of operating stations when transmitting frames of various lengths in the absence and with the use of the fragmentation mechanism.
 Method. The performed mathematical modelling showed, that in the range of increased and high noise intensity (BER = 10–5 – 10–4), a decrease in the length of the frame data field from the standard length of 12000 bits to 3000 bits is accompanied by a decrease in the throughput for all values of the number of competing stations. At the same time, it must be noted that as the amount of the frame data decreases, the throughput becomes less susceptible to an increase in the noise intensity. Qualitatively different results are obtained in the region of very high interference intensity (BER = 2·10–4). A significant increase in the probability of frame transmission in this region observed with a decrease in the standard length of the frame data field by 2–3 times, made it possible to increase the throughput compared to the original one. This effect is especially pronounced when the length is halved.
 Results. The study of the standard frame transmitting process, but with a fragmented data field, showed that if for BER = 5·10–5 and less with an increase in fragmentation factor, the throughput values decrease, in the entire range of the number of stations due to the predominant increase in overhead costs, then in the region of high (BER = 10–4) and very high noise intensity (BER = 2·10–4) we have the opposite effect. To the greatest extent, the throughput increases when the frame data is transmitted in two equal fragments. We have made a comparison of the network throughput determined by simply reducing the length of the frame data field and using fragmentation of a standard frame. The comparison showed that the use of the fragmentation mechanism is more beneficial both when throughput is stabilized under conditions of increased noise intensity and when the throughput is increased under conditions of high and very high noise intensity.
 Conclusions. In this article, a mathematical model has been modified for direct calculation of the wireless network throughput. Using this model, we studied the changes in throughput over a wide range of BER and a number of operation stations for various values of the transmitted frame fragmentation factor. The conditions for increasing the throughput are determined.

Fifth-generation small cell backhaul capacity enhancement and large-scale parameter effect

<span lang="EN-US">The proliferation of handheld devices has continued to push the demand for higher data rates. Network providers will use small cells as an overlay to macrocell in fifth-generation (5G) for network capacity enhancement. The current cellular wireless backhauls suffer from the problem of insufficient backhaul capacity to cater to the new small cell deployment scenarios. Using the 3D digital map of Lagos Island in the Wireless InSite, small cells are deployed on a street canyon and in high-rise scenarios to simulate the backhaul links to the small cells at 28 GHz center frequency and 100 MHz bandwidth. Using a user-defined signal to interference plus noise ratio-throughput (SINR-throughput) table based on an adaptive modulation and coding scheme (MCS), the throughput values were generated based on the equation specified by 3GPP TS 38.306 V15.2.0 0, which estimates the peak data rate based on the modulation order and coding rate for each data stream calculated by the propagation model. Finding shows achieved channel capacity is comparable with gigabit passive optical networks (GPON) used in fiber to the ‘X’ (FTTX) for backhauling small cells. The effect of channel parameters such as root mean squared (RMS) delay spread and RMS angular spread on channel capacity are also investigated and explained.</span>

Wireless Network Bandwidth Quality Measurement Using Qos Standard Tiphon

As technology develops, computer networks have a very important role because they have many advantages, such as ease and efficiency. In designing research on bandwidth quality on wireless LAN networks at the Baidhaul Ahkam Islamic Education Foundation, the method used is the Network Development Life Cycle (NDLC) and has several stages, namely Analysis, Design, Simulation Prototyping, implementation, Monitoring, and Management. This research will analyze the quality of bandwidth on wireless LAN networks at the Baidhaul Ahkam Islamic Education Foundation using the QoS (Quality of Service) method of tiphon standards. The results of the measurements obtained will then be processed and analyzed to provide value information, Throughput, Packet Loss, Delay, and Jitter used to describe or evaluate the quality of the wireless LAN network that has been provided. The quality of bandwidth traffic at the Baidhaul Ahkam Islamic Education Foundation can be seen from each throughput value of 938k, Packet Loss of 0%, delay of 2.784333 ms, and jitter of 2.76 These values are included in the excellent category. From these results, it can be concluded that the bandwidth available today still meets the needs of internet use at the Baidhaul Ahkam Islamic Foundation

Web Server Load Balancing Mechanism with Least Connection Algorithm and Multi-Agent System

Demands for information over the Internet massively increase through the continuous expansion of website applications. Therefore, generating powerful and efficient server architecture for web servers is a must to satisfy Internet users and avoid the overloaded system. The research focuses on developing a new mechanism for load balancing to distribute incoming HTTP requests in website applications by combining the Least Connection algorithm and Multi-Agent System (LC-MAS). The proposed mechanism distributes the request based on load condition and the fewest number of active connections. The research applies virtualization technology to build servers on this proposed mechanism. The architecture is built inside a physical server with Proxmox as virtualization management and Linux Debian 7.11 as an operating system. Then, the research is tested in two scenarios (LCMAS and LC) using 500, 1,000, and 1,500 requests. The performance of this proposed mechanism is measured through the values of average response time, throughput, and error percentage. The results show that the proposed mechanism (LC-MAS) distributes the workload more equally than LC, with an average response time for 1,500 requests of 1338.8 milliseconds, 20.07% error, and 125 transactions per second. The LC-MAS makes the website application performance much better when the request increases. The LC-MAS helps in the utilization of system resources and improves system robustness.

ANALYSIS QUALITY OF SERVICE OF INTERNET NETWORK FIBER TO THE HOME SERVICE PT. XYZ USING WIRESHARK

The development of information technology continues to grow every year and successfully creates new technology, namely the internet. The internet is a public computer system that is globally connected and uses TCP/IIP as a packet-switching communication protocol. Telecommunication companies have access to internet networks, namely Fiber to the home (FTTH). FTTH provides services so that customers can utilize optical telecommunications. So that it will have a larger bandwidth to access the telephone, internet, and cable TV at the same time. In the service that has been done by xyz company, there have been many users who use this service, but there are several factors in the service regarding the slow and poor internet network at certain hours, and it does not answer how the solution to overcoming FTTH services from xyz company in the field of physical network This research was conducted using the Quality of Service (QoS) method to overcome these problems by using four parameters of QoS: throughput, packet loss, delay, and jitter. QoS is the collection of a network to provide data traffic services that pass through it. The results found that the quality of service on 5 SSIDs/xxyz company customers with a speed of 20 MbpsThe results are "Very Satisfactory". The values of Throughput, packet loss, Delay, and Jitter on the SSID can produce a very good index, and the average gets a very good index value.