Spread Values Research Articles

Fiber laser beam welding of additive manufactured 316L austenitic stainless steel with wrought 2507 super duplex and wrought 904L super austenitic stainless steels: Crystallographic texture, microstructure, and mechanical properties

In this study, 316L parts were produced by selective laser melting (SLM) method, one of the additive manufacturing (AM) processes. Since the size limits of the SLM system prevent large parts from being produced in one piece, there is a need to weld the parts produced with SLM to each other in a final process as an alternative option. For this reason, AM 316L parts are joined with full penetration by fiber laser welding. Welded joints of metals with different properties are widely used in various industries. Accordingly, welding combinations of AM 316L and wrought (W) 2507 super duplex stainless steel (W2507) and wrought (W) 904L super austenitic stainless steel (W904L) sheets, which are stainless steel types with superior mechanical properties, were carried out. Weldability, microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties of AM316L-AM316L, AM316L-W2507, and AM316L-W904L stainless steels welded by fiber laser welding method were investigated in detail. According to the results obtained, it was observed that the as-built AM 316L microstructure consists of cellular grains, and the AM316L-AM316L, AM316L-W2507, and AM316L-W904L laser welded joints are composed of a fine microstructure. While no pores and porosity were observed in As-built AM 316L, nano-sized particles were seen in welded joints' transmission electron microscope (TEM) images. According to EBSD analysis, epitaxial solidification was observed in the weld center of all samples, while grain orientations were mostly random. According to the kernel average misorientation (KAM) analysis, a high dislocation density was detected, especially at the weld metal grain boundaries of the AM316L-W2507 sample. Again in this sample, the lowest grain orientation spread (GOS) value and the highest Taylor Factor value were determined. Depending on the laser welding process, it was determined that some grains in the weld metal center of all samples showed a relatively strong texture (<011>//welding direction). In contrast, the grains in other parts of the weld metal (WM) showed a weaker texture. According to the mechanical test results, the welded joints' mechanical properties were generally lower than the as-built AM316L, W904L, and W2507 base metals. Among welded joints, the highest tensile and yield strength was found in the AM316L-W2507 sample, while the highest ductility was found in the AM316L-W904L sample. It has been determined that the toughness results are very close to each other. As a result of the tensile and impact tests, it was seen that the fractures took place in the ductile mode.

Wave-by-wave forecasts in directional seas using nonlinear dispersion corrections

We develop a new methodology for the deterministic forecasting of directional ocean surface waves based on nonlinear frequency corrections. These frequency corrections can be pre-computed based on measured energy density spectra and, therefore, come at no additional computational cost compared to linear theory. The nonlinear forecasting methodology is tested on highly nonlinear synthetically generated seas with a variety of values of average steepness and directional spreading and is shown to consistently outperform a linear forecast.

A comparative study on evolutionary multi-objective algorithms for next release problem

The next release problem (NRP) refers to implementing the next release of software in the software industry regarding the expected revenues; specifically, constraints like limited budgets indicate that the total cost corresponding to the next software release should be minimized. This paper uses and investigates the comparative performance of nineteen state-of-the-art evolutionary multi-objective algorithms, including NSGA-II, rNSGA-II, NSGA-III, MOEAD, EFRRR, tDEA, KnEA, MOMBIII, SPEA2, RVEA, NNIA, HypE, ANSGA-III, BiGE, GrEA, IDBEA, SPEAR, SPEA2SDE, and MOPSO, that can tackle this problem. The problem was designed to maximize customer satisfaction and minimize the total required cost. Three indicators, namely hyper-volume (HV), spread, and runtime, were examined to compare the algorithms. Two types of datasets, i.e., classic and realistic data, from small to large scale, were also examined to verify the applicability of the results. Overall, NSGA-II exhibited the best CPU run time in all test scales, and, also, the results show that the HV and spread values of 1st and 2nd best algorithms (NNIA and SPEAR), for which most HV values for NNIA are bigger than 0.708 and smaller than 1, while the HV values for SPEAR vary between 0.706 and 0.708. Finally, the conclusion and direction for future works are discussed.

Formation of the worldview of young people in the digital environment

The subject of the article is the formation of the worldview of young people in the digital environment. To obtain information on the formation of the worldview of the younger generation in the digital environment and its subsequent processing, the authors conducted a sociological study: expert interviewing and expert survey. The results of the study allow us to study the increasing influence of the digital environment in the process of formation of the worldview of young people. At the same time, digital communication mechanisms, ICT, neural networks and artificial intelligence algorithms are beginning to play an increasing role in shaping the worldview. The peculiarity of ICT is its rapid development and penetration into all spheres of society. Negative aspects are manifested in the possibility of spreading values, negatively influencing the formation of traditional world-view. The regulation of the Internet is a subject of acute controversy in society. In the course of the study the attitude of young people to digital communication mechanisms, neural networks, algorithms of artificial intelligence and their impact on the formation of traditional world-view of the younger generation was analyzed. Theoretical results of the study adds to the accumulated knowledge by obtaining relevant data on the formation of worldview of the younger generation in a digital environment and allows you to understand their influence in this process, clarify the semantic content of the concept of "world-view". That in the future will help other authors to continue research on this topic.

Grain refinement and improved mechanical properties of Mg-4Zn-0.5Ca-0.5RE magnesium alloy by thermomechanical processing

The high strength Mg-4Zn-0.5Ca-0.5RE magnesium alloy was subjected to different hot deformation processes of extrusion, forging, and their combination for grain refinement and improvement of mechanical performance. A fine dynamically recrystallized (DRX) microstructure was obtained by the extrusion process accompanied with the fragmentation and dispersion of the eutectics toward eliminating their deleterious effects, which led to a major improvement in the mechanical properties compared with the as-cast counterpart. However, the forging process led to the development of a partially recrystallized microstructure, indicating the necessity for the application of high strains. On the other hand, detailed electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis revealed that the combination of extrusion and forging is effective for more intense grain refinement (compared to the extrusion process), leading to the improved yield and ultimate tensile strength while maintaining high ductility (total elongation). A threshold value of grain orientation spread (GOS) was proposed for separating the DRX grains from the deformed ones (below 2° for the DRX grains). Moreover, the DRX grain size was correlated with the Zener-Hollomon parameter. These findings can shed light on the industrial application of this wrought Mg alloy.

Research on SPDTRS-PNN based intelligent assistant diagnosis for breast cancer

Breast cancer is the second dangerous cancer in the world. Breast cancer data often contains more redundant information. Redundant information makes the breast cancer auxiliary diagnosis less accurate and time consuming. Dimension reduction algorithm combined with machine learning can solve these problems well. This paper proposes the single parameter decision theoretic rough set (SPDTRS) combined with the probability neural network (PNN) model for breast cancer diagnosis. We find that when the parameter value of SPDTRS is 2.5 and the SPREAD value is 0.75, the number of 30 attributes of the original breast cancer data dropped to 12, the accuracy of the SPDTRS-PNN model training set is 99.25%, the accuracy of the test set is 97.04%, and the test time is 0.093 s. The experimental results show that the SPDTRS-PNN model can improve the ac-curacy of breast cancer recognition, reduce the time required for diagnosis.

New Insights into the Spread of MRS-Based Water T2 Values Observed in Highly Fatty Replaced Muscles.

The reference standard for assessing water T2 (T2,H2O ) at high fat fraction (FF) is 1 H MRS. T2,H2O (T2,H2O,MRS ) dependence on FF (FFMRS ) has recently been demonstrated in muscle at high FF (i.e. ≥60%). To investigate the relationship between T2,H2O,MRS and FFMRS in the thigh/leg muscles of patients with neuromuscular diseases and to compare with quantitative MRI. Retrospective case-control study. A total of 151 patients with neuromuscular disorders (mean age ± standard deviation = 52.5 ± 22.6 years, 54% male), 44 healthy volunteers (26.5 ± 13.0 years, 57% male). A 3-T; single-voxel stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) MRS, multispin echo (MSE) imaging (for T2 mapping, T2,H2O,MRI ), three-point Dixon imaging (for FFMRI and mapping). Mono-exponential and bi-exponential models were fitted to water T2 decay curves to extract T2,H2O,MRS and FFMRS . Water resonance full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) and B0 spread (∆B0 ) values were calculated. T2,H2O,MRI (mean), FFMRI (mean, kurtosis, and skewness), and (mean) values were estimated in the MRS voxel. Mann-Whitney U tests, Kruskal-Wallis tests. A P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Normal T2,H2O,MRS threshold was defined as the 90th percentile in healthy controls: 30.3 msec. T2,H2O,MRS was significantly higher in all patients with FFMRS < 60% compared to healthy controls. We discovered two subgroups in patients with FFMRS ≥ 60%: one with T2,H2O,MRS ≥ 30.3 msec and one with T2,H2O,MRS < 30.3 msec including abnormally low T2,H2O,MRS . The latter subgroup had significantly higher water resonance FWHM, ∆B0 , FFMRI kurtosis, and skewness values but nonsignificantly different (P = 1.00) and long T2,H2O,MRS component and its fraction (P > 0.11) based on the bi-exponential analysis. The findings suggest that the cause for (abnormally) T2,H2O,MRS at high FFMRS is biophysical, due to differences in susceptibility between muscle and fat (increased FWHM and ∆B0 ), rather than pathophysiological such as compartmentation changes, which would be reflected by the bi-exponential analysis. 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.

Teachers’ attitude towards education for sustainable development: A descriptive research

&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;Teachers are the torch bearers of sustainable development, promoting social change and maintaining balance between two important concepts development and sustainability. They have a pivotal role in promoting education for sustainable development (ESD) perpetuating social change leading to progressive development and a futuristic growth in the society. ESD is one of the millennium development goals acknowledged globally and need to get practiced widely. Teachers play prominent role in inculcating the knowledge, spreading values, and enriching skills that are needed for sustainability to cope with the change in attributes of workplace. The central theme of the study was to determine the attitude of high school teachers concerning ESD. For this, the normative survey method (N=150) was used to collect data. The data were collected by an attitude scale entitled “ESD attitude scale”. This investigation examined teachers’ attitude towards ESD based on teachers’ gender, subject of teaching, and type of management of the institution. To achieve the objectives of the study, item-based assessment with percentage analysis, t-values and F-values were calculated. Research findings showed that teachers have a favorable attitude towards ESD. Gender and management of the institution were not found to change attitudes towards ESD of high school teachers, whereas the subject of teaching was found to change the same. With these pieces of evidence from the present study, educationalists can reform the existing high school education system for sustainable development.&lt;/span&gt;

On the Laplacian spread of digraphs

In this article, we extend the notion of the Laplacian spread to simple directed graphs (digraphs) using the restricted numerical range. First, we provide Laplacian spread values for several families of digraphs. Then, we prove sharp upper bounds on the Laplacian spread for all polygonal and balanced digraphs. In particular, we show that the validity of the Laplacian spread bound for balanced digraphs is equivalent to the Laplacian spread conjecture for simple undirected graphs, which was conjectured in 2011 and proven in 2021. Moreover, we prove an equivalent statement for weighted balanced digraphs with weights between 0 and 1. Finally, we state several open conjectures that are motivated by empirical data.

Penerapan Etika Digital di Kalangan Content Creator TikTok

Content creator is becoming an in-demand profession for the millennial generation, along with increased social media consumption in Indonesia. Content creators do not just upload content but are required to create creative content. These content creators can be called citizen journalists because they perform media functions, including providing information, mobilizing, entertaining, and spreading values to society. Content creators are also required to be professional. Professional means content creators not only create creative content but also need to pay attention to digital ethics. This study will look at the application of digital ethics among TikTok content creators. Digital ethics is essential because this moral guide will help content creators reflect on uploaded content. This study uses qualitative research with a case study method. The results show that content creators do not fully understand digital ethics principles. Digital ethics was only discovered after the informant received punishment from TikTok for the uploaded content. Furthermore, this study shows that content creators are more dominant in practicing device literacy than digital ethics.

Do contextual variables influence the spatial organisations of elite-level Brazilian professional soccer players?

Purpose.This study investigated the influence of contextual variables on individual and collective team spatial organisation in professional Brazilian players.Methods.Seventeen matches were analysed during the 1st division Brazilian National football League of 2019. Global Positioning System devices were used to track players’ in-game movements. The data were analysed using Matlab to calculate linear tactical variables. The selected tactical variables were ‘Distance from the last defender to the goal’; ‘Width and length’; ‘LpWratio’; ‘Spread’; ‘Space exploration index’ and ‘Stretch index’. Five contextual variables were considered: (i) playing time, (ii) match location, (ii) ranking of the opposition, (iii) match outcome, and (iv) match status.Results.Results demonstrated that the LpWratio values were significantly greater during the second half of matches when compared with the first half (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.03; &lt;i&gt;d&lt;/i&gt; = 0.62). Significantly greater length and spread values were identified when the team was playing against a bottom six team when compared with the medium eight teams (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.05; &lt;i&gt;d&lt;/i&gt; = 1.58–1.60). Significantly higher stretch index values were reported when playing a top six opposition team when compared with the medium eight opposition teams. During losses, the stretch index was significantly higher when compared with wins and draws, respectively (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.01; &lt;i&gt;d&lt;/i&gt; = 1.47–1.89). Finally, the LpWratio values were significantly higher during periods when the team was losing, when compared with periods of drawing and winning (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.01; &lt;i&gt;d&lt;/i&gt; = 1.07–1.12).Conclusions.In conclusion, the spatiotemporal organisations of professional-level Brazilian club players are significantly influenced by contextual variables. The current findings support the use of GPS devices in soccer as a time-efficient and logistically viable method to characterise tactical behaviour and examine spatiotemporal movement patterns.

Bandwidth Dependence of the Propagation Channel in Circular Metallic BAN Environments

In this paper, the bandwidth dependence of the propagation channel for Body Area Networks (BANs) in circular metallic environments is addressed and models are proposed to evaluate the appropriate short-term fading margins that should be considered as a function of the system bandwidth. The deployment of BANs in metallic indoor environments, such as ships, factories, warehouses and other similar environments, involves additional challenges compared to other indoor environments due to the specific propagation effects in this type of environments (i.e., with strong reflections). No studies of this kind and for this type of environment can be found in literature, giving the motivation for this work. Bandwidth dependent values of delay spread are also presented and discussed. It is observed that for a system bandwidth up to 100 MHz the fading depth is composed of three main stages, with the transitions between these stages being associated with the system ability to discriminate arriving rays at the receiver. Average values of fading depth are 16.4, 13.2 and 11.0 dB for stages 1, 2 and 3, respectively, the difference between consecutive stages ranging between 2.2 to 3.2 dB. For a system bandwidth larger than 100 MHz, the fading depth decreases with an increasing system bandwidth, with an average decay rate close to 3 dB per 100 MHz bandwidth, being about 2 dB for system bandwidths above 400 MHz.

Performance of civil servants: The role of motivation and organizational culture

This study aims to analyze the influence of organizational culture and work motivation on the performance of civil servants in Indonesia. This research is a quantitative study, using survey methods and distributing questionnaires to 31 respondents from the Regional Development Planning Agency (RDPA), Central Maluku Regency, through a census. The statistical method uses multiple regression analysis with IBM SPSS Statistics software version 20.0. The results of the study explain that motivation has no effect on employee performance. This condition implies that motivation needs to be encouraged and driven by the leadership so that employees want to work optimally. On the other hand, factors of communication, coordination, environment, achievement recognition, and mutual respect are needed to create comfortable working conditions for all parties. Meanwhile, organizational culture factors have a very positive effect on employee performance. These results prove that a strong organizational culture is the result of spreading trust and values that develop within an organization and directing employee behavior in the desired direction thereby increasing a sense of comfort and loyalty to the organization.

Study of Physicochemical, Cooking and Nutritional Properties of Selected Traditional Rice Varieties of Tamil Nadu

The study has been undertaken to investigate the physico-chemical, cooking and nutritional qualities of selected traditional rice varieties of Tamil Nadu. Significant variations (p&lt;0.05) were observed among the twelve traditional rice varieties for all the characters except hulling percentage. Among the varieties, the highest hulling out-turn was found in Poonkar (90.0 %) and the lowest was found in Anaikomban (84.0 %). The milling out-turn was ranged from 74.0 % to 80.0 %. Head Rice Recovery (HRR) varied from 50.0 % to 75.0 %. The kernel length was highest in Kullakar (6.3 mm) and lowest (4.2 mm) in Milagu samba and Thulasi vasa samba. Kernel breadth was ranged between 1.4 – 2.5 mm. Based on length/breadth ratio, the variety Thanga samba obtained slender grain type whereas all other varieties obtained medium grain type. The Kernel length after cooking ranged from 6.5 mm (Thulasi vasa samba) to 9.8 mm (Poonkar). The volume expansion ratio ranged from 4.6 in Sorna masuri to 3.7 in Poonkar and Kullakar. Gel consistency ranged from 46.0 - 135.0 mm. The Gelatinization Temperature (GT) was determined based on alkali spreading value and the rice varieties Milagu samba, Kuzhiadichan and Thulasi vasa samba have obtained intermediate GT values whereas other varieties evaluated showed high to intermediate GT. Intermediate amylose content is considered to be the best from the cooking point of view. Varieties Anaikomban (20.1 %), Garudan samba (20.4 %), Poonkar (20.7 %) and Sorna masuri (23.2 %) were identified with intermediate amylose content. Highest protein (10.40 %), iron (15.8 mg kg-1) and zinc (20.5 mg kg-1) content were recorded in the varieties Poonkar, Thuaiya malli samba and Kullakar respectively, making them nutritionally superior among the tested varieties. There is a growing global demand for rice varieties with good quality characteristics. This study provides immense information on varieties with superior physico-chemical, cooking and nutritional characteristics which could be used to meet those demands.

Deep Learning based Wireless Channel Prediction: 5G Scenario

In the area of wireless communication, channel estimation is a challenging problem due to the need for real-time implementation as well as system dependence on the estimation accuracy. This work presents a Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) based deep learning (DL) approach for the prediction of channel response in real-time and real-world non-stationary channels. The model uses the pre-defined history of channel impulse response (CIR) data along with two other features viz. transmitter-receiver update distance and root-mean-square delay spread values which are also changing in time with the channel impulse response. The objective is to obtain an approximate estimate of CIRs using prediction through the DL model as compared to conventional methods. For training the model, a sample dataset is generated through the open-source channel simulation software NYUSIM which realizes samples of CIRs for measurement-based channel models based on various multipath channel parameters. From the model test results, it is found that the proposed DL approach provides a viable lightweight solution for channel prediction in wireless communication.

Morphometric Analysis of Kernel Trait in Rice (Oryza sativa L.): In search of Correlation among Quality Traits from F6 Breeding Lines of a cross between Pusa Basmati-1 and IR-72 rice varieties

The hybridization of Pusa Basmati 1 and IR 72 produced an aromatic, elongating, and non-aromatic, non-elongating mapping population for quality attributes in rice. In terms of other qualitative qualities, the parents also differed genetically, and their genetic distance was considerable. In this study 365 lines in the F6 population were examined for kernel dimensions, cooked kernel elongation ratio (CKER), alkali spreading value (ASV), and kernel dimensions both before and after cooking. The apparent amylose content of the sub-set of 110 F6 lines was also characterized. With the exception of kernel breadth and ASV, all features showed continuous and normal distribution, indicating quantitative inheritance. All of the characteristics, with the exception of ASV, showed transgressive segregation. High heritability findings suggest that the quality attributes in the F6 lines were genetically fixed. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate four distinct hypotheses about the correlation of QTLs for quality attributes. The phenotypic variance explained by the QTLs was 45.68% for CKE-R, 38.63% for LAC, and 25.35% for L-BAC, indicating that the parent Pusa Basmati 1 was the source of the gene(s) controlling the inheritance of these traits.

Использование алгоритма вероятностной нейронной сети для измерения уровня качества образования

The traditional method of determining the quality of education is too unambiguous and unreasonable, which is not suitable for a comprehensive assessment of students' abilities. The purpose of the article is to justify the use of a probabilistic neural network algorithm. Research methods. The reliability of the presented results is ensured by the analysis of scientific literature, modeling of a probabilistic neural network, comparative analysis of models and evaluation of the effectiveness of the model. Research results. In this paper, a probabilistic neural network (PNN) algorithm is used to determine the quality of education by considering the important influence between different student achievements. The PNN algorithm comes from the Bayesian decision rule and uses the nonlinear Gauss Parsen window as a probability density function. Since the PNN model has strong nonlinear and anti-interference properties, it is suitable for determining the quality of education by classifying student achievements. In addition, this article also discusses the impact of various evaluation models on the accuracy and effectiveness of classification. In addition, the influence of the spread value on the PNN model is also discussed. Scope of application. Finally, evidence is used to determine the quality of education. Conclusions. Experimental results show that the detection accuracy can reach 95%, and the detection time is only 0.0156 s based on the proposed method. That is, the method is a very practical detection algorithm with high accuracy and efficiency. In addition, it also contains information on how to further improve the quality of teaching. It is proved that the use of the PNN model makes it possible to accurately classify the achievements of students according to the quality criterion.

Investigation of Small-Scale and Multipath Fading of Radio Wave Propagation in a Complex Building Environment

In this study, an investigation into the small-scale and multipath fading of radio wave propagation in a complex building environment has been conducted by using Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti Nigeria, College of Engineering building as a case study. The study utilizes sliding correlator channel sounding measurement techniques, implemented on NI USRP 2920 modules by using GNU radio software. Moreover, single-input and single-output configurations have been employed by setting one module as a transmitter and the other one as a receiver, propagating at a carrier frequency of 1.2 GHz. Five scenarios within the first floor of the building have been considered and various cases in each one of the scenarios are either outdoor-to-indoor, indoor-to-outdoor, indoor or outdoor measurement. The analysis of the scatter plot of the maximum delay spread against the distance of experiments for the line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight cases show that analytical expression cannot be obtained due to the complexity of the building structure. The result obtained also shows that the maximum delay spread values are between 575 μs and 1023 μs, which points to the existence of a frequency selective fading condition that causes intersymbol interference and data rate reduction.

Effect of zinc application on yield, nutrients uptake and biochemical properties of rice under Inceptisols

A field experiment was conducted in a randomized block design at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Karjat during kharif 2016-2019 to study the effect of zinc on soil fertility, yield, nutrients uptake and biochemical properties of rice under Inceptisols. Results revealed that the grain (50.65 q ha-1) and straw (56.74 q ha-1) yield of rice was significantly improved with application of zinc in the form of zinc sulphate @ 15 kg ha-1 at the time of transplanting through soil application (T7) which was better than foliar spray and root dipping methods. Significantly highest values of DTPA-extractable Zn (0.45 mg kg-1) and SO4-S (32.40 kg ha-1) were registered in the treatment T8. The zinc supplied plots led to significant enhancement in total N (93.38 kg ha-1), P (15.55 kg ha-1), K (96.80 kg ha-1) and S (35.54 kg ha-1) uptake in the treatment T7 and Zn (183.40 g ha-1) in the treatment T8. The treatment T7 showed higher hulling (74.28%), milling (63.32%), gel consistency (81mm), alkali spreading value (4.0) as well as the head rice recovery (57.80%), protein (8.96%) and amylose (24.40%) content which was acceptable.Overall, Zn-fertilization assumes great significance in improving soil properties, productivity and quality of rice.

Correlation and Path Analysis Studies for Yield and Quality Traits of Rice Landraces and Mutants of Chhattisgarh, India

Background: The production of rice needs to grow as this is one of the major objective in plant improvement program to fulfill the requirement of the rapidly growing population.&#x0D; Objective and Methods: The field experiment was conducted to study character association among yield and its attributes among 58 rice genotypes at Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, College of Agriculture, Raipur (C.G.) to know the relationship among characters.&#x0D; Results: it is found out that Traits like panicle weight per plant, filled spikelets per panicle, harvest index, and biological yield per plant are having a high direct effect and significant correlation with grain yield per plant, and traits like milled grain length-width ratio, hulling %, and alkali spreading value are having a high direct effect and significant correlation with head rice recovery.&#x0D; Conclusions: Direct selection based on these traits for improvement of rice grain yield and grain quality can be effective.