Molar Absorptivity Values Research Articles

Indirect Spectrophotometric Determination of Antidepressant Drugs by Oxidation Using Ponceau 4R Dye

A simple and sensitive indirect spectrophotometric method is developed for the assay of Adrenaline, Dopamine hydrochloride, and Methyldopa in their pure and pharmaceutical preparations. The method is based on the principle of oxidation of the above drugs with a known amount of the oxidizing agent, N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), in hydrochloric acid. The unreacted oxidant bleaches Ponceau 4R dye, then the absorbance of the remaining dye (ΔA) is measured at 507 nm. The method obeyed Beer’s law within the concentration range of 3.5-10, 4-15, and 5-20 μg/mL, with molar absorptivity values of 8.01×104, 5.32×104, and 4.93×104 L. mol-1cm-1 for Adrenaline, Dopamine hydrochloride and Methyldopa, respectively. The recovery ranged between 99.15 to 100.61%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 1.42 % for all drug compounds. The method was applied successfully to pharmaceutical preparations for the studied medicinal compounds from different origins, as its results were in good agreement with the original content of the drugs in their pharmaceutical formulations and with the standard addition procedure, which proved that there was no interference by the excipients.

Spectrophotometric quantification of amitriptyline hydrochloride in pharmaceutical tablets: method development and validation

The development and validation of two uncomplicated, selective, and non-extraction-based visible spectrophotometric methods was carried out for the quantification of a tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline hydrochloride as pharmaceutical tablets as well as in its pure form. The methods rely on the formation of ion pair complexes between amitriptyline base and two acidic dyes, bromothymol blue and bromocresol purple, which were subsequently measured at 410 and 400 nm, respectively. The developed methods included numerous reaction variables that were examined and improved. Beer's law is applicable under optimal conditions for the bromothymol blue and bromocresol purple methods, respectively, over concentrations from 0.5 to 12.5 μg mL−1 and from 0.5 to 10.0 μg mL−1 amitriptyline hydrochloride. The computed values of molar absorptivity were 1.79 × 104 and 2.32 × 104 L.mol−1.cm−1 for bromothymol blue and bromocresol purple methods, respectively, with Sandell’s sensitivity values of 0.0155 and 0.0119 μg cm−2. Both detection limits and quantification limits were computed and determined to be 0.55 and 1.67 μg mL−1 for bromothymol blue method, and 0.49 and 1.49 μg mL−1 for bromocresol purple method, respectively. The developed methods were successfully applied to estimate the concentration of amitriptyline hydrochloride in bulk form and commercial pills. Therefore, these methods demonstrate promising potential for testing this drug in labs for quality control.Graphical abstractSpectrophotometric quantification of amitriptyline hydrochloride in pharmaceutical tablets: method development and validation

Desarrollo de un Método Espectrofotométrico para Analizar el Clorhidrato de Fenilefrina en Forma Pura y Farmacéutica Utilizando Ácido Sulfanílico Diazotizado

This work described a simple and sensitive spectrophotometric procedure for estimating phenylephrine hydrochloride in pure and in its pharmaceutical using diazotized sulphanilic acid as a coupling agent in alkaline medium of sodium carbonate solution. The resulting yellow azo-dye displayed an absorption maximum at 441 nm. The calibration graph was linear and compatible to Beer's law over the concentration range 0.2-20 µg/mL with coefficient estimated (r2=0.9996). The values of molar absorptivity and the sensitivity of Sandell's index were calculated and equal to 8.51×103 l/mol.cm and0.0239 µg/cm2, respectively. The values of detection limit (LOD), quantification limit (LOQ) and the range of relative error percentage were estimated and found to be 0.0050, 0.0166 µg/mL and -0.374% to -0.147%, respectively. The precision (represented by RSD) was also calculated and found to be in the range ±0.037 to ±0.28. The suggested procedure was useful successfully to the assay of phenylephrine hydrochloride in injection, drops and syrups. No interferences were observed from common additives found in pharmaceutical preparations. The yellow color of the product was highly stable and did not show a significant change in absorbance up to 60 min

DETERMINATION OF THE ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS CAPTOPRIL, ATENOLOL, AND METOPROLOL IN DOSAGE FORMS

Three antihypertensive drugs Captopril (CPL), Atenolol (ATL), and Metoprolol (MTL) have been estimated sensitively and selectively by a single spectrophotometric method using neutral red dye NLR. The method is based on oxidation of the drugs by known excess of N-bromosuccinamide (NBS) in the first reaction step followed by the oxidation of NLR dye with the exceed ed amount of NBS, as the concentration of the drug compounds increase, the color of the dye increase, the dye exhibits absorbance peak at 523 nm. The linearity range was from 1 to 10 µg/ml for the three drugs, the molar absorptivity values were 2.1164 × 105, 1.9202× 104, and 57.934× 104 l.mol-1.cm-1 for CPL, ATL, and MTL respectively, the sensitivity index of Sand’ll were 0.0102, 0.0138, and 0.01182 µg/cm2 for CPL, ATL, and MTL respectively. LOD values for the three drugs ranged from 0.00405 to 0.00547 and LOQ values were ranged from 0.0135 to 0.0182 respectively, the method exhibits good applicability to the dosage forms and high confidence as compared with standard method and standard addition method.

Detection of Hexavalent Chromium Ion in Water by Optode Membrane

Chromium is a heavy metal that is often found as a water pollutant. High concentrations of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) ion in nature are toxic and carcinogenic, so their presence in water needs to be monitored. Detection of heavy metals in water was carried out using an optical sensor membrane (optode). The optode was fabricated from cellulose triacetate polymer with plasticizers (oleic acid and acetophenone), aliquot 336, and the chromoionophore 1.5-diphenylcarbazide (DPC). The success synthesis of optode was evidenced by FTIR and SEM characterization. The optode performance produces a linear response in detecting Cr(VI) ion in the concentration range of 0.02-0.40 mg/L with an R2 of 0.9930, as well as the best conditioning at pH 3. The detection and quantitation limits are 0.0055 mg/L and 0.0165 mg/L. The sensitivity of the chromium optode was excellence, with a molar absorptivity value of 8.8303 × 106 M-1cm-1. The performance test results of the chromium optode were acceptable because they meet the specified requirements for minimum detection concentration value.

Infrared Spectral Signatures of Nucleobases in Interstellar Ices I: Purines.

The purine nucleobases adenine and guanine are complex organic molecules that are essential for life. Despite their ubiquitous presence on Earth, purines have yet to be detected in observations of astronomical environments. This work therefore proposes to study the infrared spectra of purines linked to terrestrial biochemical processes under conditions analogous to those found in the interstellar medium. The infrared spectra of adenine and guanine, both in neat form and embedded within an ice made of H2O:NH3:CH4:CO:CH3OH (10:1:1:1:1), were analysed with the aim of determining which bands attributable to adenine and/or guanine can be observed in the infrared spectrum of an astrophysical ice analogue rich in other volatile species known to be abundant in dense molecular clouds. The spectrum of adenine and guanine mixed together was also analysed. This study has identified three purine nucleobase infrared absorption bands that do not overlap with bands attributable to the volatiles that are ubiquitous in the dense interstellar medium. Therefore, these three bands, which are located at 1255, 940, and 878 cm-1, are proposed as an infrared spectral signature for adenine, guanine, or a mixture of these molecules in astrophysical ices. All three bands have integrated molar absorptivity values (ψ) greater than 4 km mol-1, meaning that they should be readily observable in astronomical targets. Therefore, if these three bands were to be observed together in the same target, then it is possible to propose the presence of a purine molecule (i.e., adenine or guanine) there.

Advances in iron(III) hydrolysis studies. Effect of the metal concentration, ionic medium and ionic strength

The hydrolytic behaviour of iron(III) was studied in absence and in presence of different salt solutions, in the ionic strength range: 0 < I/moldm−3 ≤ 1.0 in NaNO3(aq) and NaClO4(aq), and 0 < I/moldm−3 ≤ 3.0 in NaCl(aq), at T = 298.15 ± 0.15 K, by means of potentiometry and UV–Vis spectrophotometry (only in NaClO4). The two techniques allowed to perform the study in a wide range of iron(III) concentration: 2.5 ≤ cFe3+/mmoldm−3 ≤ 195.6 for the first, while 0.04 ≤ cFe3+/mmoldm−3 ≤ 0.25, for the second one. The results obtained by potentiometric measurements in NaNO3(aq) and NaCl(aq), allowed to determine the speciation model: Fe(OH)2+, Fe(OH)2+, Fe2(OH)24+, Fe3(OH)45+ and Fe12(OH)342+. In the case of the spectrophotometric titrations in NaClO4(aq), the best results were obtained considering the species: Fe(OH)2+, Fe(OH)2+ and Fe(OH)3(aq); for each one, the molar absorptivity values were calculated at the various experimental conditions investigated. The dependence on the ionic strength of the hydrolytic constants was modelled by means of Debye-Hückel type equation and of the Specific ion Interaction Theory. The differences of the hydrolytic constants in NaCl(aq) and NaNO3(aq) were interpreted in terms of different interactions of the Fe3+ with the anions of the supporting electrolyte. This interaction can be neglected when a not interacting medium as NaNO3(aq) is used. This consideration allowed to extrapolate the formation constants at infinite dilution of the weak FeCl2+ and FeCl2+ complexes; by using experimental data, it was also possible to calculate the equilibrium constant of the mixed FeOHCl+ species.

A Spectrophotometric Approach for Estimating Nimodipine by Oxidative-Coupling Reaction with 4-Aminoantipyrine in its Tablet and Biological Fluids

This study involves the development of a speedy, artless, selective and precise spectrophotometric methodology for the determination of nimodipine in the aqueous medium. The proposed approach was dependent on the oxidation and coupling reaction of nimodipine with 4-aminoantipyrine using KIO3 as an oxidizing agent. A yellow-brown product was fashioned at room temperature which gave a band with maximum absorption at 464 nm. Calibration plot was linear and adheres to Beer's law within the concentration range 1.0- 35 μg/ml with an excellent coefficient of determination (R2=0.9992). The values of molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity were planned and established to be in the consequence of 1.2679x104 l/mol.cm. and 0.033 μg/cm2, correspondingly. The mole ratio of the achieved product has been measured between nimodipine and 4-aminoantipyrine was evaluated to be 1:1. The detection limit (LOD) and quantitation limit (LOQ) were expected and found to be 0.01774 and 0.05914 μg/ml, correspondingly. The recoveries percentage were obtained in the range 97.38%-103.61% while, the precision (RSD) was in the range 0.96%-3.18% depending on the concentration level. The recommended approach was applied successfully to estimate nimodipine in its tablet and in the biological fluids, no intrusions were noticed from the shared excipients additives present in the commercial pharmaceutical formulation.

Blueberries as a Source of Energy: Physical Chemistry Characterization of Their Anthocyanins as Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells’ Sensitizers

This work aimed to show the possibility of applying anthocyanins extracted from blueberries following a straightforward path as potential impregnation dyes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), particularly in the presence of co-adsorbents, such as silver nanoparticles, as an alternative in order to profit from large amounts of discarded fruits. Following a simple procedure, anthocyanins (mainly delphinidin-3-glucoside) were obtained from blueberries (Southern Highbush type). Complete characterization was carried out in order to prove the utility of delphinidin-3-glucoside as a sensitizer in DSSCs. The analyzed anthocyanin is suitable for sensitizing because of its high molar absorptivity values within the visible region of the light spectra, the adsorption ability to a FTO/TiO2 electrode (FTO, fluorine-doped tin oxide) as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) as well as thermogravimetry coupled to differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), a potential oxidation value near 1 V, and adequate thermal as well as light stabilities. Moreover, the cell’s conversion efficiency is improved in the presence of silver nanoparticles, reaching 0.24% (nearly a 25% increase). The sum of all these characteristics points to the application of delphinidin-3-glucoside as a sensitizer in DSSCs, offering a technological use with potential interest for countries where agricultural production offers an abundant origin of extraction.

Synthesis, Spectral Interpretation, and Biological Efficiency of Azo Colorants Derived from Sulfadiazine Moiety

The simple, economic, and conventional diazo-coupling method was developed for the synthesis of five different scaffolds of sulfadiazine incorporated azo dyes in acidic medium at chilled condition. The structural aspects of the prepared azo dyes were confirmed by various physical and spectroscopic techniques such as elemental analysis, electronic absorption studies, infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C), and mass spectrometry. The electronic absorption study indicates that all the prepared azo dyes possess excellent coloring properties and it is supported by its molar absorptivity values. Further, these azo colorants were examined for different biological studies such as antimicrobial assay, radical scavenging, antituberculosis, anti-inflammatory, and DNA cleavage studies. From the results, all the studied azo dyes showed provoked and proficient biological efficacy against the tested assays.

Using and Validation of a new Spectrophotometric method for determination of Vitamin C in Pharmaceutical samples

A new simple and rapid spectrophotometric method for determination the accurate amount of vitamin C containedin pharmaceutical samples has been developed. The ferric chloride is reduced by vitamin C and then reacts with potassium ferricyanide to create a dark blue solution of Prussian blue. The resulted color was observant at the absorption wavelength of 697nm. Optimum reaction conditions of Ferric chloride, Potassium Ferricyanide concentrations, reaction time, temperature and pH where investigated. Influence of potential interfering substances were also examined.Analyzes of commercial pharmaceutical samples showed good correlation with the valuesgiven by the manufacturers and the results obtained by a titration method with Iodine. The apparent molar absorptivity value is found to be 3.25 × 103. The results of analysis have been validated statistically, with good correlation coefficient (0.999). The proposed method has better LOD and LOQ values than many methods used to determine vitamin C in pharmaceutical forms.

Photoprotector Effect of Emulsions with Yerba-Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) Extract

Yerba-mate contains in its composition a high concentration of phenolic compounds. This class of secondary metabolites exhibits strong values of molar absorptivity on ultraviolet and visible wavelengths. This study evaluated the effect of yerba-mate extracts on the in vitro solar protection factor (SPF) value of sunscreen formulations. The sunscreen formulations were prepared to have non-ionic lotion as a basis and yerba-mate extract and/or avobenzone as active agents. The SPF and resveratrol protective effect of the formulations were determined by UV-vis spectrometry. A synergic effect between the yerba-mate extract and avobenzone on the SPF was found. Yerba-mate extract at 5% improved the SPF of the avobenzone 5% formulation from 28.46 ± 5.45 to 40.48 ± 0.84. Yerba-mate extract at 5% avoided resveratrol degradation by ultraviolet radiation. At this same concentration, avobenzone produced a smaller effect than yerba-mate extracts in resveratrol protection. The formulations with yerba-mate + avobenzone presented smaller changes in pH values during 12 days of storage. The spreadability profile of yerba-mate and avobenzone formulations was similar to the profile of avobenzone formulations. The results reported here show the suitability of the yerba-mate extract use in photoprotective formulations, highlighting their in vitro effect and opening possibilities for new investigations exploring this property.

Spectrophotometric Investigations of Charge Transfer Complexes of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors with Iodine as a σ-Electron Acceptor: Application to Development of Universal High-Throughput Microwell Assay for Their Determination in Pharmaceutical Formulations.

Background and Objective: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are used for the treatment of different types of cancers. The current study describes, for the first time, the ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometric investigation of charge transfer complexes (CTCs) of seven TKIs, as electron donors, and iodine, as σ-electron. Materials and Methods: The formation of CTCs was promoted in dichloromethane, among the other solvents used in the investigation. The molar absorptivity values, association constants, and free energy changes of the CTCs were determined. Stoichiometric ratio of TKI: iodine as well as TKIs site(s) of interaction were addressed. Reaction was the basis for constructing a novel simple and accurate 96-microwell spectrophotometric assay (MW-SPA) with high-throughput property for the quantitative determination of TKIs in their pharmaceutical formulations. Results: Beer's law, which relates CTC absorbances to TKI concentrations, was followed within the optimal range of 2 to 100 µg/well (r ranged from 0.9991 to 0.9998). Detection and quantification limits ranged from 0.91 to 3.60 and 2.76 to 10.92 g µmL-1, respectively. Relative standard deviations values for the intra- and inter-assay precisions of the proposed MW-SPA did not exceed 2.13 and 2.34%, respectively. Studies of recovery demonstrated MW-SPA accuracy, with results ranging from 98.9% to 102.4%. All TKIs, both in bulk form and in pharmaceutical formulations (tablets), were effectively determined using the suggested MW-SPA. Conclusions: The current MW-SPA involved a simple procedure and it was convenient as it could analyse all proposed TKIs utilizing a single assay system at once measuring wavelengths for all TKIs. In addition, the proposed MW-SPA has high throughput which enables the processing of a batch of huge samples' number in very short reasonable time period. In conclusion, TKIs can be routinely analysed in their dosage forms in quality control laboratories, and the assay can be highly valuable and helpful in this regard.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Isoniazid in Pharmaceutical Preparations Using Oxidative Coupling Reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine

A spectrophotometric method is proposed to determine isoniazid using oxidative coupling reaction. The proposed method depends on adding the oxidizing agent potassium periodate to the reagent solution 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. Different optimum conditions are studied and explained based on various experiments and tests. The wavelength is (406) nm. Beer's law within the concentration (0.2-40) µg/ml, and with a molar absorptivity value of 0.2482 × 16104"> l.mol-1.cm-1, while the recovery was (98.46%), and the relative standard deviation did not exceed 1.34. The method was successfully applied for the determination of isoniazid in its pharmaceutical preparations (medicine tablets).

Assay of Tretinoin using Safranine-O as a Chromogenic Reagent in Bulk and Dosage Forms

A new, economical and accurate analytical technique was developed for the assay of tretinoin (TTN) in bulk and formulations. While developing the method, it was found that the reaction was carried out due to the formation of ion-pair association complex involving the carboxyl group in the side chain of the TTN with safranine-O. The colored species formined was stable up to 60 minutes. The optical density of color species was measured at 520 nm. All the variables were optimized. The linearity range lies for the developed method within the concentration ranges of 2-10 μg mL-1.The linear correlation coefficient (r) and molar absorptivity (ϵmax)values were found as 0.9999 and 1.66 x 104 L mol–1cm–1. Percentage recoveries were found from 99.2 ± 1.8 to 100.2 ± 0.7.The method was validated as per ICH guidelines.

SENSITIVE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF TRIPROLIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE DRUG IN THE CAPSULES VIA ION PAIR COMPLEX FORMATION

The objective of this study was to develop two simple and selective visible spectrophotometric methods for the determination of antihistamine drug triprolidine hydrochloride (TRH) in the capsules. The methods were based on the formation of ion-pair complexes between TRH and two dyes, namely, bromocresol green (BCG) and bromophenol blue (BPB). The produced ion-pair complexes were measured at 415 and 410 nm for BCG and BPB methods, respectively. Beer’s law was applicable in the concentration ranges of 2.50-15.0 µg mL-1 TRH for both methods. The molar absorptivity values were found to be 2.12 × 104 and 2.07 × 104 L mol-1 cm-1 for the BCG method and BPB method, respectively, and the Sandell’s sensitivity values were 0.0149 and 0.0152 µg cm-2. The limits of detection and quantification were calculated and found to be 0.29 and 0.86 µg mL-1 for the BCG method and 0.31 and 0.95 µg mL-1 for the BPB method. The methods were applied successfully for TRH determination in bulk drug and in the capsules.

Characterization of a mixed-reagent ion-pair complex

A method has been proposed for the determination of drug containing amino group phenylephrine hydrochloride (PHP) in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The method is based on the ion pair reaction of this drug with reagent (egg yellow) in alkaline medium to give intense orange colored product (λmax at 470 nm of PHP) with molar absorptivity values of 1.67×105L.mol-1.cm-1 (r = 0.9995) and 5.60 ×105 L.mol-1.cm-1 (r = 0.9996), limit of detections of 0.0252 mg/L and 0.0236 mg/L and Limit of quantification of 0.0831 mg/L and 0.0708 mg/L respectively with concentration rang of (0.2-6.0) mg/L for drug. The experimental data underwent statistical analysis, which demonstrated the approaches' accuracy and precision. Excipients that are employed in pharmaceutical formulations as additives did not obstruct the suggested methods. Ion pairs are distinct chemical entities, electrically neutral, formed between ions of opposite charge and held together by Coulomb forces, without formation of a covalent bond.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Catecholamine Containing Drugs Using Calcon Dye

Calcon dye has been used for spectrophotometric determination of catecholamine-containing drugs, namely, adrenaline, methyldopa and dopamine in their pure forms and pharmaceutical formulations. The method is based on the oxidation of the above drugs with an excess of Nbromosuccinimide (NBS) in an acidic medium. The residual oxidizing agent bleaches the blackish-brown color of calcon measured at 510 nm. The decolorization of the dye is proportional to the residual amount of NBS, which is proportional to the concentration of the drug. Linear calibration graphs were obtained in the concentration range 0.5-16.0, 2.0-40.0 and 1.036.0 μgmL -1 with molar absorptivity values 1.10×104 , 3.2×103 and 4.3×103 Lmol-1 cm-1 for above drugs, respectively. The method is simple, sensitive, accurate, precise and free from excipients. The developed method was successfully applied to determine the drugs in their pharmaceutical formulations.

Determination of Stoichiometry and Stability Constant of Cd(II) and Zn(II) Complexes with Pyrazole Based Ligands in Mixed Solvent (EtOH-H2O)

A Spectrophotometric investigation was applied on the complexation of 1,3-bis (3-(2-pyridyl) pyrazol-1-ylmethyl) benzene (1,3-PPB) and 1,4-bis (3-(2-pyridyl) pyrazol-1-ylmethyl) benzene (1,4-PPB) with Zn(II) and Cd(II) ions in a mixed (1:1) solvent of water and ethanol. The mole ratio methodology was used to calculate the stoichiometry, molar absorptivity, and stability constant values. Some experimental conditions have been investigated, including pH, ionic strength, solvent composition, and time. The results revealed the production of 1:1 complexes. In terms of ligands, 1,4-PPB was more stable than 1,3-PPB, whereas Cd(II) complexes were more stable than Zn(II) complexes. The complexes' molar absorptivity values were determined to be 5744, 10019, 9414, and 17716 l.mol-1.cm-1 for Cd-1,3-PPB, Cd-1,4-PPB, Zn-1,3-PBB, and Zn-1,4-PBB, respectively. The sensitivities for Cd and Zn estimation by complexation with 1,3-PPB and 1,4-PPB, respectively, were determined to be 0.051, 0.089, 0.114, and 0.271 mg.l-1.

Development of new efficient and cost effective liquid-liquid extractive determination method for cobalt(II): Analysis of water, alloys and nano powder

BackgroundThe renowned biological role of cobalt is it is main component of vitamin B12, however other cobalt compounds have been listed as toxic for the environment as well as to human. MethodsVarious samples from different sources are analyzed for their cobalt(II) content by extraction followed by UV–visible spectrophotometry and compared with atomic absorption spectrophotometry. ResultsIn this article, the chromogenic reagent 2-chlorobenzaldehyde thiocarbohydrazone is introduced for extractive spectrophotometric determination of cobalt(II) from various samples. This reagent forms yellow colored 1:2:2 [Co(II)–2CBTCH–iodide] complex in dichloromethane which was extracted from an acetate buffer having pH of 4.2 in presence of potassium iodide solution which was stable up to 48 h. The absorbance of the complex exhibit peak absorbance at 400 nm. The present technique was optimized for numerous influences and the interference of other ion has also been cautiously studied. The calculated values of molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity of the complex are found to be 0.3006 × 104 mol−1 cm−1 and 0.0196 µg cm−2 respectively. The technique conforms Beer's law up to 13 μg mL−1 with 0.999 correlation coefficient of the [Co(II)–2CBTCH–iodide] complex, which specifies linearity between the two variables. For five replicate determinations (n = 5), the relative standard deviation was 1.18 with the regression equations as y = 0.0672 x + 0.01 with R2 = 0.999 as the correlation coefficient. The recovery percentages were warranted the accuracy and found around 99.0%. ConclusionThe technique was successfully used to the determination of cobalt(II) in water, alloy and nano powders with acceptable results and was evaluated its performance in terms of Student ‘t’ test and Variance ‘f’ test, which indicates the significance of the present method as an inter comparison of the experimental values using AAS. The technique was also useful for analysis of alloys and synthetic mixtures.