Carbon Stock Values Research Articles

Assessment of Carbon Stock and Sequestration Dynamics in Response to Land Use and Land Cover Changes in a Tropical Landscape

Quantitative analysis of LULC changes and their effects on carbon stock and sequestration is important for mitigating climate change. Therefore, this study examines carbon stock and sequestration in relation to LULC changes using the Land Change Modeler (LCM) and Ecosystem Services Modeler (ESM) in tropical dry deciduous forests of West Bengal, India. The LULC for 2006, 2014, and 2021 were classified using Google Earth Engine (GEE), while LULC changes and predictions were analyzed using LCM. Carbon stock and sequestration for present and future scenarios were estimated using ESM. The highest carbon was stored in forest land (124.167 Mg/ha), and storage outside the forest declined to 13.541 Mg/ha for agricultural land and 0–8.123 Mg/ha for other lands. Carbon stock and economic value decreased from 2006 to 2021, and are likely to decrease further in the future. Forest land is likely to contribute to 94% of future carbon loss in the study region, primarily due to its conversion into agricultural land. The implementation of multiple-species plantations, securing tenure rights, proper management practices, and the strengthening of forest-related policies can enhance carbon stock and sequestration. These spatial-temporal insights will aid in management strategies, and the methodology can be applied to broader contexts.

Tree carbon stock and seasonal influence on soil properties in shivpuri-nagarjun national park, nepal

The carbon stock stored within the biomass of tree species is vital in the forest ecosystem as it contributes significantly to the carbon balance. In addition, the physicochemical properties of soil play a critical role, in influencing overall ecosystem health. This study has analyzed the carbon stock and influence of seasonal change on soil physicochemical properties along soil depths in the Shivpuri Nagarjun National Park (SNNP), Nepal. The above-ground biomass carbon stock was found to be 227.09 t/ha and below-ground stock was 45.42 t/ha. Tree species Castanopsis tribuloides exhibited the highest values of above and below-ground tree carbon stock. The soil of the study site was sandy loam and slightly acidic. High temperature and moisture in the monsoon season were followed by an increased bulk density during the pre-monsoon with deeper soil layers. The sand, silt, and clay contents did not differ significantly across the seasons and depths. The key soil nutrients, like carbon, total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were high during the monsoon season at the topsoil layer, which gradually declined with increasing depth in all seasons. The study highlights that the total tree carbon stock in the study site is 272.51 t/ha, with significant seasonal and depth-related variations in soil attributes. The monsoon season, characterized by maximum soil moisture and higher concentrations of essential soil components, is crucial in influencing soil physicochemical properties and offers important insights for forest conservation and management. Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(3): 567-576, 2024 (September)

Soil carbon stocks and nutrient stratification in a volcanically active coffee-dominated landscape in south-central Guatemala

The volcanoclastic mountains of Central America offer elevations ideal for coffee production. Both vulcanism and land use can have significant impacts on soil formation and properties. We evaluated how the interactive impacts of soil formation and coffee-dominated land use modulate soil storage and vertical distribution of organic carbon and nutrient elements in a volcanically active landscape dominated by coffee agriculture in south-central Guatemala. Thirty-seven pedons under coffee production (n = 29), forest cover (n = 5) and pasture (n = 3) were characterized and classified, and concentrations and stocks of organic carbon and macronutrient and micronutrient elements were quantified across genetic horizons. Additionally, soil organic carbon (SOC) stock values calculated using the fixed depth (FD) and equivalent soil mass (ESM) methodologies were compared. The active stratovolcano in the region had a strong effect on the development of andic properties and soil horizon burial, with thirty-one pedons classified as Andisols, three as Inceptisols and three as Entisols. Land use management practices and soil horizon burial by deposition of volcanic material were partly reflected in the vertical distribution of SOC concentrations and stocks. The vertical distribution of macronutrients was generally more sensitive to land use than the vertical distribution micronutrients, which could potentially reflect differences in inputs via fertilizers and vegetation cover and in outputs with biomass harvest. Soil organic carbon stocks were similar when calculated by FD and ESM, reflecting relatively consistent depth-wise bulk density. These results demonstrate that in volcanically active landscapes, land use should be considered in concert with soil-forming factors to comprehensively understand organic carbon and nutrient element storage in soils.

Carbon Sequestration Potential of Traditional Agroforestry System in Rimbo Panjang Village, Kampar Based on Tree Biomass

The traditional agroforestry industry is part of the Forestry and Other Land Use Net Sink 2030 (FOLU Net Sink 2030) strategy for low carbon development and climate resilience in Indonesia. This study aims to estimate the value of biomass, carbon stock, and carbon sequestration in traditional agroforestry systems in Rimbo Panjang Village, Kampar. Six plots (each measuring 20 x 20 meters) are used; three of the plots are 15 years old and three are 9 years old, respectively, for the conventional agroforestry system. Biomass, carbon stock and carbon sequestration were estimated at the tree, pole and sapling levels. Biomass calculations used allometric equations based on diameter at breast height (DBH) data. The results showed that carbon sequestration in Dusun 2 (618.2 tons/ha) was greater than in Dusun 1 (399 tons/ha), with an average carbon sequestration in both dusun of 508.6 tons/ha. Trees contribute the highest value of biomass, carbon stock, and carbon sequestration, which is 74%, The difference in the value of biomass, carbon stock, and carbon sequestration in traditional agroforestry systems in Rimbo Panjang Village is significantly influenced by the average stem diameter. The various trees that make up traditional agroforestry in Rimbo Panjang Kampar, which is generally in the yard, should ideally be maintained and developed because of their high carbon sequestration potential.

Assessment of Soil Carbon Stock Potential in Different Soil Layers of Grassland Ecosystems

Mostly soil carbon stock research is done in areas with natural vegetation, ignoring university campuses. This study assesses soil carbon stocks in different soil layers of grassland ecosystems within the Bharathiar University campus in Tamil Nadu, India. Soil samples were collected from grasslands in four sections (namely, East section, West section, North section, and South section) of the campus and analyzed for carbon content across depths of 0-10cm, 10-20cm, and 20-30cm. Results indicate soil carbon stocks in grassland ecosystems ranging from 1.36% to 2.26%, with notable variations observed among campus sections and soil layers. One-way ANOVA revealed that there is a significant variation in soil carbon stock values among the four sections in the 20-30cm layer (F(3,16)=3.865, p<0.05), but not for the 0-10cm layer (F(3,16)=1.454, p>0.05) and the 10-20cm layer (F(3,16)=3.011, p>0.05). Pearson’s Correlation analysis revealed that the soil carbon stock had no significant relationships with soil pH, Conductivity, and total dissolved solids at all four sections of the university campus, except for a positive correlation between soil carbon stock and total dissolved solids at the East section (r=0.563, p<0.05), and between soil carbon stock and soil pH at the South section (r=0.550, p<0.05). These findings underscore the complexity of soil carbon dynamics in grassland ecosystems of university campuses and emphasize the potential for localized assessments to inform sustainable land management strategies. This study contributes valuable insights into enhancing carbon sequestration efforts at the university campus, useful for global climate change mitigation. Integrating such localized findings into broader environmental policies can optimize carbon management strategies across similar ecosystems globally.

Allometric equation of Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) and Anthocephalus cadamba Miq. for estimating carbon stocks

Coal mining can increase land degradation and deforestation, so efforts are needed to ensure land use in post-mining areas. Therefore, mining companies must carry out land reclamation to restore the important function of forests by planting sengon laut (Paraserianthes falcataria (L.)) and burflower tree (Anthocephalus cadamba Miq.). In contrast to mining, which produces emissions and carbon that contribute to global warming, land reclamation helps absorb carbon and produce oxygen for living things. Therefore, a study was carried out to estimate the carbon stocks from reclamation activities at PT. Indobara Borneo. A quantitative approach through Stratified Random Sampling was applied in this study. Carbon estimation is carried out using allometric equations. The allometric equation of Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) is Y = 0.028D2,695, while the allometric equation of Anthocephalus cadamba Miq. is Y = 0.035D2,600. The total carbon stocks for burflower tree plants are 84.51 tons/ha with a CO2 sink potential of 974.73 tons/Ha, while the total carbon stocks for sengon laut plants are 86.18 tons/ha with a CO2 sink potential of 1355.49 tons/ha. The value of CO₂ sink and carbon stock indicates that there are environmental services to restore and improve vegetation.

The Carbon Stocks Estimation on Tangga Community Forests of Lombok Utara

Forests are one of the largest carbon dioxide absorbers, the forest's function as a carbon dioxide absorber causes an increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and carbon dioxide is stored in forest biomass. Forest development to increase carbon dioxide absorption can be carried out in state forest areas or private forests, which also include community forests. This research aims to estimate carbon stocks in the Tangga community forest (HKm) , in the Tangga HKm, Lombok utara, NTB. This research uses quantitative methods. The data collected is standing vegetation data. Standing vegetation data includes saplings, poles and trees by measuring diameter and height using purposive sampling collection techniques. Carbon stocks are estimated using the allometric equation formula. The total carbon reserves in the HKm Tangga obtained from each stand were 9.972,11 ton/ha. The highest carbon stock value is at the tree level with a value of 8.785,08 tons/ha, followed by the sapling level at 731,34 ton/ha, and the pole level at 455,69 tons/ha with the highest amount at the candlenut tree level (Aleurites moluccana) at 2.200,63 ton/ha and the lowest was the breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) with a value of 1,96 ton/ha.

Assessing and Predicting Ecosystem Services and Their Trade-Offs/Synergies Based on Land Use Change in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region

Exploring the spatial and temporal dynamic changes in ecosystem service functions and trade-off/synergistic relationships over a long time series in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region is of great practical significance for regional high-quality development. Taking the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region as the research object, PLUS was used to predict the land use distribution in 2030 under three scenarios: business as usual (BAU), cropland protection scenario (CPS), and ecological protection scenario (EPS); the InVEST model was introduced to assess ecosystem services including water yield (WY), carbon stock (CS), habitat quality (HQ), and soil conservation (SC); trade-offs/synergies among ecosystem services were calculated by using R and GeoDa modeling. The results show the following: (1) Between 1980 and 2020, the study area witnessed varying trends in WY and SC, which initially decreased and subsequently increased, showing an overall upward trend. In contrast, CS and HQ consistently declined throughout the period; the HQ, CS, and SC values were high in the northwest and low in the southeast, while the WY value was high in the southeast and low in the northwest. (2) From 1980 to 2020, the relationships SC-HQ and CS-HQ, as well as CS-SC, were characterized by synergy. In contrast, the interactions CS-WY, SC-WY, and WY-HQ demonstrated trade-offs. On the whole, the trade-off/synergy degree showed a trend of fluctuating increase. From the perspective of the spatial scale, CS-HQ, CS-SC, SC-HQ, and WY-HQ were mainly cooperative relationships. CS-WY and SC-WY were trade-off relationships. (3) Compared with 2020, the total ecosystem service of the four types decreased, increased, and increased under business as usual (BAU), the ecological protection scenario (EPS), and the cropland protection scenario (CPS), respectively, and the increase was the highest under the ecological protection scenario. In terms of time scale, there were also differences in the trade-off intensity among ecosystem services under the three scenarios. In the EPS, the trade-off/synergy intensity among various ecosystem services was the highest, followed by the CPS, and the lowest was under BAU. The findings of this research offer theoretical insights and practical guidance for enhancing ecosystem services and zoning functions in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, while also providing fundamental support for refining the territorial spatial configuration.

Ecological Dynamics of Water Hyacinth in Coimbatore Lakes: Implications for Biomass, Carbon Stock, and Nutrient Management

In aquatic ecosystems, water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) often proliferates, impacting water quality and ecological balance. This study investigates the density, biomass, carbon stock, and nutrient concentrations of E. crassipes across five significant lakes in Coimbatore: Krishnampathy, Kurichi, Ukkadam, Singanallur, and Sulur. Field surveys, laboratory analyses and statistical methods were adopted in this study. The highest density of E. crassipes was observed in Krishnampathy Lake (59±2.5, no./m2). The biomass values (kg/m2) ranged from 1.00 to 7.33 for leaf, 3.23 to 8.03 for stalk, and from 1.47 to 10.80 for root samples. The carbon stock values (kg/m2) ranged from 0.51 to 3.74 for leaf, 1.49 to 3.73 for stalk, and from 0.68 to 4.19 for root samples, revealing the species potential role in reducing atmospheric carbon in mitigation of climate change. We have studied the macro and micro-nutrient concentrations present in E. crassipes, and also we checked the relationship between chlorophyll content and nutrient concentration with the carbon stock of different plant parts of E. crassipes. This study contributes to a better understanding of the ecological dynamics of water hyacinth in inland water bodies and its potential implications for carbon cycling and nutrient dynamics.

Nexus between carbon stock, biomass, and CO2 emission of woody species composition: evidence from Ise-Ekiti Forest Reserve, Southwestern Nigeria

The carbon stock, biomass, and CO2 emissions in woody species play crucial roles in understanding and managing ecosystems. Understanding these aspects is crucial for sustainable forest management, conservation, and mitigating the impact of woody species on global carbon dynamics and climate change. This study examined the nexus between carbon stock, biomass, and CO2 emission of woody plant composition in disturbed and undisturbed areas in Southwestern Nigeria. The study involved the random establishment of plots in the disturbed and undisturbed areas and, in each plot, the woody plants were enumerated and identified to the species level. The results showed that total biomass (102.645 Mg ha-1), total carbon stock (51.323 Mg C ha-1), and total CO2 emission (188.354 Mg C ha-1) values of tree species in undisturbed plots were higher than the values of total biomass (70.768 Mg ha-1), total carbon stock (35.384 Mg C ha-1), and total CO2 emission (129.859 Mg C ha-1) recorded in disturbed plots. The results also revealed that total biomass (0.123 Mg ha-1), total carbon stock (0.061 Mg C ha-1), and total CO2 emission (0.225 Mg C ha-1 ) values of shrub species recorded in disturbed plots were higher than values of total biomass (0.067 Mg ha-1), total carbon stock (0.034 Mg C ha-1) and total CO2 content (0.124 Mg C ha-1) recorded in undisturbed plots, respectively. The findings showed that in undisturbed and disturbed plots of shrubs, biomass, carbon and CO2 emissions have a strong positive correlation of 1.000**. While biomass, carbon, and CO2 emission have a very strong positive correlation (0.999**) in undisturbed plots of trees, the biomass, carbon, and CO2 emission have moderate to strong positive correlations (0.458** to 0.974**) in disturbed plots of the tree. The study concluded that while biomass, carbon stock, and CO2 emission values of tree species were higher in undisturbed plots than in disturbed plots, the biomass, carbon stock, and CO2 emission values of shrub species were lower in undisturbed plots than in disturbed plots. It also concluded that the main purpose of establishing reserve forests is not totally achieved as human activities occurring in reserve forests still contribute to the increment of climate change.

Agriculture models for restoring degraded land to enhance CO2 biosequestration and carbon credits in the Vindhyan region of India

The study's objective was to evaluate the status of converted degraded land into productive agricultural models by improving the physicochemical properties of the soil, soil organic matter (SOM), soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions (active and passive), and microbial biomass carbon (MBC), while also generating carbon (C) credit for additional farmers' income. Six models were analyzed, namely: (1) Arjun forest-based agroecosystems (AFBAE); (2) Lemon grass-based agroecosystems (LGBAE); (3) Legume-cereal-moong-based agroecosystems (LCMBAE); (4) Bael-black mustard-based agroecosystems (BMBAE); (5) Guava-wheat-based agroecosystems (GWBAE), and (6) Custard apple -lentil -based agroecosystems (CALBAE). These models were replicated three times in a randomized block design (RBD). Soil samples were collected from the study area at two depths (0–0.30 and 0.30–0.60 m). At a 0–0.30 m depth, the highest bulk density (ρb) of 1.50 Mg m−3 was observed in LCMBAE, while the lowest ρb of 1.43 Mg m−3 was recorded in BMBAE. The soil organic carbon (SOC) and SOC stock values exhibited a range of 4.2–7.7 g kg−1 and 19.0–33.4 Mg ha−1, respectively. In the AFBAE, the highest levels of 163.1 % MBC were found over LCMBAE. At a 0–0.30 m depth, the recalcitrant index (RI) and lability index (LI) ranged from 0.35–0.46 to 1.97–2.11, respectively. Additionally, the AFBAE exhibited the highest total biomass accumulation (39.23 Mg ha−1), carbon dioxide (CO2) biosequestration (287.9 Mg ha−1), and the total social cost of CO2 at US$ 277 ha−1. Furthermore, in the AFBAE, there was a 198.1 % increase in total C credit (US$ 161 ha−1) compared to LCMBAE (US$ 54 ha−1). However, at 0.30–0.60 m depths, GWBAE and CALBAE were statistically equivalent (p ≤ 0.05) in total C stocks. Principal component analysis (PCA) reveals that component-1 accounts for 77.4 % of the variability, while component-2 contributes 18.6 %. This article aimed to convert the degraded land into a sustainable agricultural module by increasing SOC and CO2 biosequestration and producing more C-credit, or climate currency, on underutilized land.

Tree carbon stock analysis in education forest KHDTK Wanadipa UNDIP, Semarang

Global warming occurs due to increased gases from human activity. Efforts that can be made to minimize global warming are through the forestry sector. Trees play an ecological role, namely as carbon sinks and biomass storage throughout the plant body. The purpose of this study was to analyze the estimated value of carbon stocks in tree biomass in the Special Purposes Forest Area (SPFA) Wanadipa UNDIP Semarang Regency. The sampling method used for measuring tree biomass is the non-destructive method. The non-destructive method is a method that is carried out without destroying or taking all parts of the plant. Data analysis used was the calculation of tree biomass and carbon stocks, and statistical tests of the effect of tree diameter and tree height on carbon stocks in tree biomass. The research station that has the highest carbon stock value is the conservation block of 213,621.25 kg/ha or 213.62 tons/ha. The species that have the highest carbon stock value are Tectona grandis (Jati) and Swietenia mahagoni (Mahoni) in the research block. The amount of carbon that is increasing in the atmosphere at this time must be balanced with the amount of absorption, one of which is by conserving forests, namely through regular tree planting and paying attention to their regeneration, so that trees in carrying out their ecological role can be maintained.

Total biomass, carbon stock and carbon dioxide sequestration value of kandelia candel stands on Payung Island, Banyuasin II Sub-district, Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatera

Total biomass, carbon stock and carbon dioxide sequestration value of kandelia candel stands on Payung Island, Banyuasin II Sub-district, Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatera

Analysis of Biomass Potential, Carbon Stock, Carbon Sequestration, Oxygen Production, and Value of Environmental Services CO2 Uptake in Three Types of Forests in Buton District, Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

Global warming is a symptom of an increase in the average temperature of the earth's surface. Global warming is caused by the large concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. One of the biggest greenhouse gases contributing to global warming is carbon dioxide (CO2). Forest vegetation can absorb about 50% of total emissions through a sequestration process stored in biomass in all parts of the plant. The study aimed to determine the potential of biomass, carbon stocks, carbon sequestration, oxygen production, and the CO2 absorption value of environmental services in three types of ecosystems in Buton Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. Research sampling was conducted using purposive sampling techniques and roaming methods. Calculation of biomass potential, carbon stock, carbon sequestration, oxygen production, and environmental service value of CO2 uptake using an allometric formula The results of research on the biomass potential of mangrove forests, lambusango forests, and pine forests were respectively, 16,108.27 tons/ha, 84,693.72 tons/ha, and 14,273.98 tons/ha. The potential carbon stock is 8,054.13 tons/ha, 42,346.86 tons/ha, and 7,136.99 tons/ha. The carbon absorption potential is 29,558.67 tons/ha, 155,412.98 tons/ha, and 26,192.75 tons/ha. The potential oxygen production is 21,504.54 tons/ha, 113,066.12 tons/ha, and 19,055.76 tons/ha, while the value of environmental services CO2 absorption is 2,221,038,614.63 Rp/ha, 11,677,731,637.57 Rp/ha, and 1,968,123,759 Rp/ha.

Ecosystem carbon stock and annual sequestration rate from three genera-dominated mangrove zones in Benoa Bay, Bali, Indonesia

Abstract. Sugiana IP, Prartono T, Rastina, Koropitan AF. 2024. Ecosystem carbon stock and annual sequestration rate from three genera-dominated mangrove zones in Benoa Bay, Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 287-299. The mangrove ecosystem is an ecologically productive wetland system that serves as a carbon sink. However, various factors have contributed to the variation in values when calculating ecosystem carbon stock and the sequestration rate in the mangrove ecosystem. The presence of varying environmental conditions has resulted in the categorizing different species of mangroves, which may lead to variations in ecosystem carbon stock and sequestration rates. In this study, we aim to assess the ecosystem carbon stock and sequestration rate of the mangrove ecosystem in Benoa Bay, Bali, Indonesia. The ecosystem has been categorized into three zones based on the dominant genera: Bruguiera, Rhizophora, and Sonneratia. This research aimed to investigate the influence of mangrove zoning on the variability of carbon stock values and sequestration rates within the ecosystem. The allometric calculation technique and net primary productivity and soil organic carbon percentage values obtained using the Loss on Ignition (LOI) method are used to estimate each zone's ecosystem carbon stock and sequestration rate. The findings of our study indicate that there are notable variations in the carbon stock of ecosystems across different zones. However, we did not observe any substantial changes in the annual carbon sequestration rates. The Sonneratia zone exhibits the maximum value of ecosystem carbon stock and sequestration rate (1,570.9±248.0 tCO2ha-1 and 81.8 tCO2ha-1yr-1), while the Bruguiera zone demonstrates the lowest values (1,029.6±130.9 tCO2ha-1 and 75.6 tCO2ha-1yr-1). The three zones' average carbon stock and sequestration rate are estimated as 338.2 tCha-1 (1239.9 tCO2ha-1) and 21.5 tCha-1yr-1 (78.9 tCO2ha-1yr-1), respectively. In total, the carbon storage and absorption capacity of Benoa Bay amounts to 421,149 tC (equivalent to 1.5 million tCO2), with an annual rate of 25,769.4 tCyr-1 (equivalent to 94,573.6 tCO2yr-1). We recommended that future ecosystem carbon stock evaluations consider mangrove-type zoning characteristics due to significant value fluctuations in various mangrove zones found.

Quantifying zoobenthic blue carbon storage across habitats within the Arctic’s Barents Sea

IntroductionThe Arctic sea ice extent in September (when it is at its lowest) has declined 13% Q10 per decade, and the Arctic Ocean is becoming a more Atlantic-influenced system. Rapid climate-forced changes are taking place in many high-latitude marine ecosystems. The Barents Sea is one such high-latitude shelf ecosystem, between approximately 70° and 80°N in the Norwegian Arctic. The purpose of the current study was to estimate zoobenthic blue carbon across multiple habitats within the Barents Sea (trough, basin, shelf, and shallows), potentially providing values to aid ecosystem-based management of these areas under future climate change scenarios.MethodWe tested this by capture and analysis of 947 high-resolution (each 405.7 × 340.6 mm, 12 MB, 5 megapixels) seabed images at 17 sites with latitudinal cline, linked to a collection of corresponding oceanographic data. Biotas within these images were identified to one of the 14 functional groups and the density was calculated. Mean stored carbon per individual was assigned by ash mass (AM) and ash-free dry mass (AFDM) of individuals caught within Agassiz trawl deployments at the same sites.ResultsTrough sites, except for one site (B16), have a low quantity of zoobenthic blue carbon compared with the shallow, shelf, and basin habitats.DiscussionThe results of a previous study focused entirely on trough habitats and are therefore difficult to scale up as the basis for a meaningful estimate of across-habitat zoobenthic blue carbon in the Barents Sea. Compared with the trough and the basin, the shelf and shallow habitats of the Barents Sea are also subjected to more trawling events through demersal fisheries and showed higher zoobenthic blue carbon stock values.

Carbon Stock Estimation in Small-Scale Peat Ecosystems Based on the NDVI Vegetation Index on the Google Earth Engine Cloud Computing Platform

Peatlands are wetland ecosystems that originate from piles of rotting organic material on the surface of the soil. Peatlands have unique conditions that are not found in other land system units, these conditions include having a high biomass value and carbon storage capacity. Jambu Baru Village is one of the villages located on a peatland unit with ecosystem conditions that have not experienced major changes or conversion of function. Field measurements aim to test and validate the value of soil biomass and carbon content in peatlands. The greenness index model from Sentinel 2A satellite imagery is used as the main basis for determining sampling plots for biomass measurements in each class of greenness index for each land cover in the field. The research results showed that the greater the diameter and height of the plant, the higher the biomass content and carbon stock, high stands obtained a biomass value of 14.95 kg with a carbon stock of 20.36 kg; medium stands obtained a biomass value of 9.08 kg with a carbon stock of 7.33 kg and low stands obtained a biomass value of 0.89 kg with a carbon stock of 0.42 kg. In this research, results were also obtained which showed that the tree and pole sources had the highest biomass among the other sources, 24.04 kg with 27.68 kg of carbon. The results of calculating biomass and carbon stock values for the wetland ecosystem in Jambu Baru Village are presented in spatial modeling in the form of a map of estimated biomass and carbon stock values.

Conserving Caribbean Mangroves with Blue Carbon

The growing conservation finance gap presents a critical challenge to wetlands protection. However, the growing interest in nature-based solutions may help close this gap. In this paper, we review the various factors that might impact the viability of blue carbon as a market mechanism for supporting implementation of wetland protection programs, such as the Ramsar Convention, financially in the Caribbean. We conduct a literature review to ascertain the compatibility of the existing program mechanisms with different valuation methods, including an overview of requirements for accessing markets, a summary of market values that might be considered, and a broad overview of the potential value of mangrove carbon stocks in the Caribbean. We find that the existing coastal wetland carbon stocks of the Caribbean hold enormous monetizable potential, as the region boasts large expanses of some of the most productive carbon sequestering ecosystems, especially mangroves. However, there are still substantial gaps in our understanding of these stocks, including the exact extent of different ecosystem types and estimates of their carbon stocks under different geological, hydrological, and environmental conditions. Blue carbon financing could be a viable funding source to promote the wise use of coastal wetlands by supporting ongoing as well as future restoration efforts.

Seagrass Aboveground Carbon Stock Mapping using PlanetScope SuperDove Imagery in Nemberala, Rote Island, East Nusa Tenggara

Seagrass ecosystem is natural objects that can be used to adapt and mitigate climate change through blue carbon sequestration. There are 16 seagrass species in Indonesia and the high diversity of these species supports the high potential of carbon that can be absorbed and stored. This study aimed to develop a general equation to estimate seagrass aboveground carbon stock (AGC) from the percent cover (PC), and to map seagrass AGC using PlanetScope imagery in Nemberala, Rote Island. Nemberala has very diverse seagrass species such as Enhalus acoroides (Ea), Cymodocea rotundata (Cr), Halophila ovalis (Ho), Syringodium isoetifolium (Si), Thalassodendron ciliatum (Tc) and Thalassia hemprichii (Th). The results of laboratory analysis to obtain the value of carbon stocks using the Loss on Ignition method from each species were 0.016, 0.004, 0.001, 0.002, 0.001, and 0.0001 (gC/leaf) for Ea, Th, Cr, Si, Tc, and Ho, respectively. The general equation for predicting AGC from PC is SeagrassAGC = (0.051*SeagrassPC) – 0.635 with r of 0.61 and R2 of 0.36. This formula will be applied to convert field seagrass PC data to AGC, which will then be used to train and test the accuracy of seagrass AGC mapping based on PlanetScope SuperDove 8 bands image.

Carbon stock potential in rehabilitated mangrove in Lubuk Kertang Village, North Sumatra, Indonesia

Mangrove forests are one of the most productive and efficient long-term natural carbon sinks, tropical natural resources that have social, economic and ecological benefits. Even though the area of mangrove forests is relatively large in of the world, the consequences of various anthropogenic cause various damages. Given their global significance as a large carbon sink, preventing mangrove loss would be an effective climate change adaptation and mitigation strategy. This research was conducted to analyze carbon stocks in mangrove forests resulting from the rehabilitation of former pond land in Lubuk Kertang Village, West Brandan District, Langkat, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The census method was applied in this study, to calculate the value of carbon stocks using an allometric equation with DBH > 5cm. The aboveground biomass was 15.54 Mg/ha. Soil sampling for organic carbon content by collecting a sub-sample 5 cm from the center of the core. The total value of the total carbon stock above and below the soil surface is 9.42 Mg/ha1 and soil carbon is 685 MgC/ha1.