BUN Values Research Articles

Role Of Expanded Curb-65 Score In Predicting The Severity Of Community Acquired Pneumonia

Introduction: Assessment of severity and site of care decisions for community-acquired pneumonia patients (CAP) are very important for patients’ safety and optimal use of resources. Late admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) leads to increase the rate of mortality in CAP. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the new expanded CURB-65 score in comparison with CURB-65 in predicting CAP patient outcomes. Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional study which includes 90 patients presented with CAP in Government hospital for chest and communicable disease, AMC, Visakhapatnam Results: The study included 90 patients hospitalized with CAP of which mean (SD) age distribution is 51.49±16.63 years, with 64.4% being men and 83.3% of CAP patients had associated comorbidities. All patients (100%) had elevated serum LDH (> 230U/L), 87.8% had hypoalbuminemia, 8.9% had thrombocytopenia, and 4.44% had elevated BUN values within 24 hours of admission. Regarding outcomes, the ICU admission rate was 36.7%, the 30-day mortality rate was 14.4%, and 35.6% required mechanical ventilation. There was a significant association between tachypnea (respiratory rate >30/min), confusion, and thrombocytopenia (Platelet Count < 100×103/mm3) with 30-day mortality, according to univariate analysis. The current study found that as 30-day mortality for Expanded CURB score of (0-2), (3-4) and (5-8) is 0,4%and 9% respectively, requirement of mechanical ventilation and ICU admission rate were 2%,22%, 8% and2%,23%,8% respectively. Length of hospital stay increase as the score increase with median length of hospital stay being 7 days. Conclusion: Compared to CURB-65 and other assessment tools, the Expanded-CURB-65 score, which extends independent risk factors to 8 variables in assessing CAP severity, significantly improves identifying high-risk patients and thereby helps in early institution of appropriate therapy

Suratentorial Tümör Cerrahisinde %20 Mannitol ve %3 Hipertonik Salin Kullanımlarının Beyin Relaksasyonu, Hemodinamik Parametreler, Serum Osmolaritesi ve Elektrolitleri Üzerine Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Objective: Different drugs or methods can be applied to provide brain relaxation in supratentorial tumor surgery. In our study, we aimed to evaluate effects of 20% Mannitol and 3% Hypertonic Saline (HS) used during supratentorial tumor surgery on brain relaxation, hemodynamic parameters, urine flow, fluid volume, pulse pressure variability (PPV), pleth variability index (PVI), serum osmolarity and electrolytes. Methods: The study included 60 patients aged 18-65 years, ASA I-II class, who were scheduled to undergo supratentorial tumor surgery. General anesthesia was administered with sevoflurane and remifentanil to achieve a state entropy of 40-60. Patients were allocated into two groups, with Group Mannitol receiving 20% mannitol (2.5 mL kg-1) and Group Hypertonic Saline receiving 3% HS (2.5 mL kg-1). In all patients, PPV and PVI values were planned to be ≤13%. After the dura was opened, brain relaxation scores were evaluated. Perioperative hemodynamic variables, blood gases, PVI, PPV values were recorded. Na+, K+ values, urine volume and administered fluid were recorded at 30, 45 and 60 minutes and 2-3 hours after the end of the infusion. Preoperative and postoperative BUN, creatinine and osmolarity values were recorded. Results: No statistical difference was found between demographic characteristics, brain relaxation and hemodynamic data. In HS group, PVI and PPV values were higher than Mannitol group from the beginning of infusion. In mannitol group, urine and administered fluid amounts were higher. Decrease in Na+ values was detected with Mannitol and increase with HS. It was determined that BUN and creatinine values were similar, serum osmolarity did not change at postoperative period in mannitol group and increased HS. Average intensive care and length of hospital stay were similar. Conclusion: In supratentorial tumor surgery, effective brain relaxation was achieved with Mannitol and HS, without affect to hemodynamics. Pulse pressure variability and PVI decreased with Mannitol. Blood gases, Na+, K+, BUN creatinine, osmolarity levels did not show serious changes. It was concluded that HS could be an alternative to mannitol in supratentorial surgery. Keywords: Hypertonic saline,mannitol, serum osmolarity, supratentorial tumor surgery

Investigation of Hepatozoon Canis Related Alterations in the Haemato Biochemical Profile of Dogs

Aims: Hepatozoonosis, caused by a protozoan parasite Hepatozoon canis, is important for canine health due to its ability to cause chronic, debilitating disease, and the challenges it presents in terms of diagnosis and management. The present study was conducted to see the effect of H. canis infection on various haematological and biochemical parameters as compared to the normal healthy dogs in order to understand the disease pattern and suspecting the disease. Study Design: The clinically affected dogs that come to the veterinary hospital with symptoms of hepatozoonosis were included in the study. Haematological and biochemical parameters of dogs found positive for hepatozoonosis were analysed. The values of these parameters were subsequently compared to healthy animals in order to identify any significant difference caused by H. canis. Place and Duration of Study: The studied was conducted at Department of Veterinary Medicine, DUVASU Mathura, India. Total 212 blood samples were collected from the dogs that were brought for the treatment in between February 2023 to March 2024. Methodology: Total 212 dogs were included in the present study out of this 46 dogs were found positive with H. canis using PCR based molecular test. These positive animals were subjected to study the changes in biochemical parameters like blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, aspartate amino transferase, total leucocyte count, total erythrocyte count, haemoglobin, haematocrit, erythrocyte indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC), differential leucocyte count, platelet count and platelet indices (MPV, PDW) using autoanalyzer. Student's t-test in Graphpad Prism was used to compare these values to healthy animals. Results: The study confirms that Hepatozoonosis leads to significant haematological and biochemical changes in dogs. Infected dogs have lower Hb, TEC, and PCV than healthy animals, indicating anaemia. Thrombocytopenia and leukocytosis were also observed in the infected animals. Non-significant differences in MCV, MCH, and MCHC indicate normocytic, normochromic anaemia. Anisocytosis and non-regenerative anaemia is indicated by significant RDW-CV increases with decrease in MCV values. Increased liver-specific enzymes like ALT, AST, and ALP and kidney-related enzymes like BUN and CRT suggest hepatic and renal involvement in disease pathophysiology. Conclusion: In hepatozoonosis, haemato- biochemical parameters like non-regenerative anaemia. anisocytosis, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis, low serum protein concentration and increased ALT, AST, ALP and BUN values may be used as non-specific biomarkers. The results can be used in making clinical decisions and monitoring therapeutic responses in cases of hepatozoonosis.

Anemia and Fatigue in Patients with Chronic Kidney Failure

Chronic renal failure results in impaired kidney function, effectively eliminating metabolic waste and regulating fluid and electrolyte balance. The accumulation of waste metabolites is thought to impact the occurrence of anemia and fatigue. However, no research has shown a correlation between the incidence of anemia and fatigue in sufferers of chronic kidney failure. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between hemoglobin levels and the degree of fatigue experienced by individuals diagnosed with chronic kidney disease. This research uses a cross-sectional study approach. The study population consisted of patients with chronic kidney failure at one of the hospitals in Lumajang Regency who were identified by the indicator of high BUN values. The sample size for this research was 50 people selected through purposive sampling. The data type used is primary data, with the independent variable being the Hb value, while the dependent variable is the level of fatigue in chronic kidney failure patients. The results of the Pearson correlation test in this study showed that there was a significant relationship between the percentage of hemoglobin levels in the blood and the level of fatigue in chronic kidney failure patients (p-value = <0,000; α = 0.05), with a strength of relationship 0,6092 which means the level Hemoglobin in the blood and the level of fatigue have a perfect degree of correlation. In patients with chronic renal failure and low hemoglobin levels, their fatigue levels will become more severe. Insufficient hemoglobin levels lead to a reduced count of red blood cells, causing a decline in the body's capacity to transport oxygen. This inadequate oxygen supply hampers the oxidation process and energy production in the form of ATP within the body's cells. Consequently, patients with chronic renal failure may undergo a substantial decrease in energy levels and experience significant tiredness.

Comparative Analysis of the Growth, Physiological Responses, and Gene Expression of Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtles Cultured in Different Modes.

The Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) is an important freshwater aquaculture turtle due to its taste and nutritional and medicinal value. More ecological culturing modes, such as rice-turtle co-culture, should be developed to meet the ecological benefit demand. We compared growth, physiological parameters, and transcriptome data to detect the physiological responses and regulatory mechanisms of pond-cultured turtles as compared to co-cultured turtles. The co-cultured turtles grew slower than pond-cultured turtles. The gonadosomatic index of co-cultured male turtles was lower than that of pond-cultured male turtles, and both the mesenteric fat index and limb fat index were lower in co-cultured turtles than in pond-cultured turtles (p < 0.05). The blood GLU of the co-cultured turtles was significantly lower than the GLU of the pond-cultured turtles (p < 0.05), while the values of CRE, UA, BUN, AKP, ACP, GOT, and CAT were higher in the co-cultured turtles than in the pond-cultured turtles (p < 0.05). In total, 246 and 598 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the brain and gut from turtles cultured in the two different modes, respectively. More DEGs were related to environmental information processing, metabolism, and human diseases. In the brain, the top enriched pathways of DEGs included the longevity regulating pathway, glycerolipid metabolism, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, while in the gut, the top enriched pathways of DEGs included the cell cycle, DNA replication, cellular senescence, and p53 signaling pathway. The turtles acclimated to the different culturing conditions by adjusting their growth, physiological, and biochemical characteristics and related gene expression during a short culture period.

Effect of Bypass Fat and Bypass Protein Supplementation During Transition Period on Reproductive Performance of Assam Hill Goat

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the response of Assam Hill Goat (AHG) in terms of their productive and reproductive performances upon bypass fat and bypass protein supplementation during the transition period. Twenty-four AHG in transition period (21day prepartum to 21day post-partum) were divided into two equal groups (n=12) viz. T-0 and T-1; where Group T-1 was supplemented with 10 g of bypass fat and 5 g of bypass protein along with their normal diet for a period of 42 days. Group T-0 acted as control and was provided with a normal diet without any supplementation. Blood samples were collected on day -21, -14, -7, 0 (day of kidding), +7, +14 and +21 of the transition period for haemato-biochemical studies. Birth weight, milk yield and time taken for expulsion of foetus and foetal membrane and incidences of peri-partum diseases were recorded. The results indicated that, the supplementation had no significant effect on haematological parameters (TLC, Neutrophil count and Hb), serum Ca, P, glucose, globulin and GGT activity. Serum non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) levels were significantly (p&lt;0.05) lower in supplemented groups on the day of kidding (0.75±0.09 mmol/L) and day 21 of postpartum (0.38±0.04 mmol/L). Significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher mean values of total protein on day -14, -7, 0, 7, 14 and 21 (6.96±0.21, 6.99±0.25, 7.02±0.26, 7.24±0.28, 7.03±0.12 and 6.95±0.15 g/dL) and serum albumin values on day -14, 7 and 21 (4.46±0.23, 4.69±0.23 and 4.44±0.27 g/dL) were recorded in T-1 group. Significantly (p&lt;0.05) lower mean values of BUN were recorded in T-1 group on day 0, 7 and 21 (30.25±1.74, 35.62±1.58 and 42.08±1.45 mg/dL). The supplemented (T–1) group recorded significantly higher milk yield (303.5±21.16, 306.25±19.67 and 310.75±23.93 ml) on day 14, 21 and 28 after kidding and there was a significant (p&lt;0.05) reduction in time taken for the expulsion of foetus (89.75±11.84 mins) and foetal membranes (90.50±5.86 mins). The supplementation of bypass fat (10g/day) and bypass protein (5 g/day) during the transition period reduce the effect of negative energy balance and facilitate quicker recovery from negative energy balance along with improvement in milk yield and reduce time taken for expulsion of foetus and foetal membrane.

Preventive effect and mechanism of compound Danshen dripping pills on contrast-induced nephropathy after percutaneous coronary interventional.

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is one of the most common complications after coronary stent implantation due to the extensive development of coronary catheterization technology. Compound Danshen dripping pills (CDDP) are clinically used as cardiovascular drugs, relieving systemic inflammatory response. Previous studies have observed that CDDP can decrease CIN incidence after coronary stent implantation with uncertain effectiveness. We conducted a prospective, randomized, single-center, single-blind, controlled trial. We enrolled patients 18 years and older with unstable angina pectoris and NSTEMI who underwent PCI at the Tianjin Chest Hospital between November 1, 2021, and November 31, 2022, and followed for 30 days. Patients were randomized to CDDP and hydration therapy (10 capsules three times/day; N = 411) or hydration only (N = 411). The primary outcome was the contrast nephropathy incidence, defined as an elevation in serum creatinine by more than 25% or 44 μmol/L from baseline within 48-72 h of contrast exposure. Secondary outcomes included major adverse cardiovascular events post-surgery and during follow-up. After 48 h of operation, the two groups had statistical significance in Scr and BUN values (80.0 ± 12.59 vs. 84.43 ± 13.49, P < 0.05; 6.22 ± 1.01 vs. 6.40 ± 0.93, P < 0.05). The difference in Scr in 72 h between the two groups was statistically significant (76.42 ± 10.92 vs. 79.06 ± 11.58, P < 0.05). The CIN incidence was significantly lower in the CDDP group than in the hydration group. The CIN risk was significantly elevated in patients with LVEF <50%, contrast volume ≥160 ml, and hypertension, after 48 and 72 h of operation. The serum inflammation index levels NGAL, TNF-α, oxidative stress indexes SOD, and MDA significantly differed between the two groups. However, there was no significant difference in serum apoptosis indexes Bax, Bcl-2, and Casepase-9. CDDP pre-treatment could prevent contrast-induced nephropathy. Inflammatory response and oxidative stress could be significant in the CDDP mechanism.

Mantar Zehirlenmesiyle Acil Servise Başvuran Hastaların Karakteristik Özellikleri ve Laboratuvar Parametrelerinin Prognoz Tayininde Rolü

Aim: In this study it is aimed to investigate the general characteristics of the patients of mushroom poisoning in the emergency department and to determine the possible prognostic factors.&#x0D; Material and Methods: This study was conducted by retrospectively examining the records of patients who applied to the emergency department of a university hospital in Samsun, Turkey, with mushroom poisoning in 6 years. Patients were grouped using models that predict mortality and the severity of poisoning. Model for end stage liver diseases (MELD) scoring and poisoning severity score (PSS) were used for this purpose. All data obtained from this study were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows 15.0 package program.&#x0D; Results: Liver failure developed in 16 of 471 patients who applied with mushroom poisoning. The median symptom onset time was 2 hours in 455 patients who did not develop liver failure, and the median symptom onset time was 9.5 hours in 16 patients who developed liver failure. When the patients were classified according to PSS, 91.1% of patients applied with PSS 1, while 2.1% of them applied with severe symptoms. 93.6% of the patients were with a mild MELD score.&#x0D; Conclusion: The most common clinical finding is nausea and vomiting. The appearance of symptoms within 2 hours is an indicator of a good prognosis. According to the MELD score, the severity of the disease increases as the BUN value increases. At the same time, high BUN and amylase levels mean a life-threatening poisoning according to PSS.

An experimental study of the carbohydrate exchange method combined with aerobic exercise to intervene in the physical health of obese college students

Abstract The purpose of investigating the carbohydrate exchange method in combination with aerobic exercise for obese college students is to help college students have better bodies to cope with their academic life. This paper introduces the qualitative and quantitative analysis technique based on near-infrared spectroscopy, starting from the analysis of the carbohydrate exchange method, and explains the physical, mathematical, and chemical information bases, respectively. A NIR detection model is constructed using the NIR spectroscopy detection method, and the main evaluation indexes of the model are given. Three experimental groups, namely, carbohydrate exchange method, aerobic exercise, and carbohydrate exchange method combined with aerobic exercise were set up to investigate the physical health interventions for obese college students. In the single test, the FPG, BUN, TC, and HbA1c values of the subjects in the carbohydrate exchange experiment group were reduced by 18.61%, 17.33%, 11.09%, and 18.16%, respectively. The FPG, BUN, TC, and HbA1c values were reduced by 23.42%, 18.84%, 11.62%, and 13.48%, respectively, in subjects in the aerobic exercise experimental group. From the carbohydrate exchange method combined with the aerobic exercise experimental group, the subjects’ FPG, BUN, TC, and HbA1c values were reduced by 28.38%, 22.24%, 11.27%, and 27.4%, respectively, which was a better level of intervention than the single experimental group. Thus, the carbohydrate exchange method combined with aerobic exercise can be an effective intervention for the physical health of obese college students.

Differences of BUN and Serum Creatinine Values in Severity of Diabetic Ketoacidosis Patients at RSD dr. Seobandi Jember

Differences of BUN and Serum Creatinine Values in Severity of Diabetic Ketoacidosis Patients at RSD dr. Seobandi Jember

Effect of Artesunate on Haematological and Plasma Biochemical Parameters in Female Wistar Rats

This study was designed to investigate effect of artesunate on blood parameters in female rats. Ten female Wistar rats (130 – 150 g) were grouped into control and artesunate (1.43 mg/kg) – treated groups for blood assay. The artesunate was administered orally for 50 days. Hematological assay was carried out using hemocytometer, while biochemical assay was carried out using spectrophotometry. Mean +/- SEM and student’s t-test at p&lt;0.05 were determined. Artesunate (1.43 mg/kg) significantly reduced RBC, platelet and lymphocyte counts when compared to their controls. It also significantly decreased total protein, ALT and ALP values relative to their controls. However, it induced no significant changes in the PCV, Hb, TWBC, neutrophil, monocyte, eosinophil, MCV, MCHC, MCH, albumin, globulin, AST, BUN and creatinine values relative to their controls. Conclusively, it can be suggested that artesunate had both harmful and advantageous effects on blood parameters in female rats.

Rosmarinic Acid Ameliorates Deltamethrin Induced Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity

Aim: Deltamethrin (DM) is an insecticide and is widely used around the world. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is found in herbs and spices in the Lamiaceae (mint) family and has antioxidant, antiinflammatory and antiapoptotic effects. We objective to examine the protecting efficacy of Rosmarinic acid in preventing the toxic effects of Deltamethrin. Material and Methods: In ours study we used 28 male rats. Group 1: Control group, Group 2: RA group, RA was given 20 mg/kg peroral (p.o.) for 7 days, Group 3: DM group, 35 mg/kg/dose of DM was given 24 hours before sacrification as a single dose by gavage, Group 4: RA+ DM group. Results: BUN, creatinine, AST and ALT values of the RA+DM group were lower than the DM group. TAS and TOS grades were higher in the DM group matched to the RA+DM group. The damage scores of the DM group were higher aacording as those of the RA+DM group. Conclusion: RA has been shown to have predicative influence in the therapy of deltamethrin-induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity.

Preoperative Dehydration Increases the Risk of Extended Length of Hospital Stay Following Total Ankle Arthroplasty.

The effects of preoperative dehydration on outcomes following total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) remain unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between dehydration and postoperative complications for patients undergoing TAA. Patients undergoing TAA from 2007 to 2019 were identified in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database. A preoperative serum blood urea nitrogen/creatinine (BUN/Cr) greater than 20 was used to define preoperative dehydration. Patients were stratified into 2 cohorts: patients who were dehydrated (BUN/Cr > 20) and patients without dehydration (BUN/Cr ≤ 20). In this analysis, various postoperative outcomes were assessed with bivariate and multivariate analyses. In total, 1033 patients underwent TAA and had their serum BUN and Cr values recorded. For both BUN and Cr, the patients in this study had their serum values recorded a mean of 15 days before their surgery. A total of 588 patients (56.9%) did not have dehydration preoperatively and 445 patients (43.1%) were dehydrated. Following adjustment on multivariate analysis, an increased risk of extended length of hospital stay (odds ratio [OR] = 1.457; p = 0.024) was seen in the dehydrated group compared with those who were noted to be well hydrated. As fluid intake is one modifiable preoperative variable that can be easily monitored during elective procedures, it is important for physicians to be aware of patients who are dehydrated and adjust their fluids appropriately to optimize postoperative outcomes. Level III: Retrospective cohort study.

The Protective Effects of Geraniol Against Damage of Short Term Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion in Rats

Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is one of the main causes of acute kidney injury. The pathological mechanisms underlying renal I/R injury are complex and remain uncertain. The protective effects of antioxidant properties of geraniol against renal ischemia reperfusion (I/R) damage were investigated in our study. 28 Wistar albino male rats were randomly selected and 4 groups of n = 7 were created. A right kidney nephrectomy surgery was conducted to all groups under anesthesia. 2 ml SF was given to Groups I and II, 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/ kg geraniol were administered intraperitoneally an hour before ischemia to Groups III and IV, respectively. Except for Group I, 45 minutes of ischemia and 4 hours of reperfusion were applied to the groups. At the end of the experiment, parameters related to oxidative stress and inflammation were determined by comparing kidney function, antioxidant enzyme activities and histological changes. Following comparison of BUN and CRE values with CAT and SOD values in tissue samples of Group I and Group II, an increase in Group II was observed and as a result I/R damage formation occurred. Values of geraniol-treated Group III and Group IV approximated to that of Group I, and that the 50 mg/kg geraniol dose proved more effective than 100 mg/kg geraniol.

Metabolic and immune status of pre-weaning crossbred calves reared on different dietary regimes in Kerala

Seventy two new born crossbred calves were selected and grouped in three dietary treatments-C, T1 and T2. Calves in the group T1 were fed ad libitum milk twice daily for one hour along with calf starter and green fodder. The T2 group were fed on the dietary protocol as T1 but was fed calf starter supplemented with essential oils. The dietary treatment of control group (C) was as per the Package of Practices Recommendations, KVASU. Blood samples were collected from the calves at the time of birth, second day and monthly intervals for up to three months for biochemical analysis. The plasma glucose concentrations of calves in dietary treatments C, T1 and T2 after one month were 5.69±0.166, 6.26±0.174 and 6.15±0.166 mM respectively. The glucose levels of calves in dietary treatments of C, T1 and T2 at three months were 4.22±0.062, 4.50±0.061 and 4.33±0.063, respectively and differed significantly (p&lt;0.01) between C and T1. The serum concentration of Betahydroxy butyric acid (BHBA) for dietary treatments C, T1 and T2 increased with age and reached 0.418±0.025, 0.403±0.026 and 0.410±0.025 mM respectively and did not differ significantly between treatments. Significantly higher (P&lt;0.05) serum cholesterol concentration of 2.82±0.090 and 2.86 ± 0.086 mM were recorded in calves in T1 and T2, respectively. Serum concentration of triglycerides, total protein and albumin were similar in all treatment groups. Lower BUN values of 8.96±0.64 and 8.89±0.64 mM were seen in T1 and T2, respectively while C group had serum BUN concentration of 10.33±0.63 mM. Increased levels of serum BHBA indicated rumen development where there is a shift in the precursor of energy from glucose to volatile fatty acids. Ad libitum colostrum feeding resulted in significantly higher (P&lt;0.001) level of IgG from the second day improving the immune status of new-born calves.

Evaluation of the effects of kidney function tests on prognosis and mortality in geriatric patients with a pulmonary embolism

&lt;b&gt;Aim:&lt;/b&gt; The instant study’s aim is to investigate the effect that BUN and creatinine values have on a prognosis in geriatric patients that are diagnosed with pulmonary embolism. &lt;b&gt;Material and methods:&lt;/b&gt; Our study was planned as a retrospective data review and included patients over the age of 65 with a diagnosis of pulmonary embolism who were admitted applied to Ümraniye Training and Research Hospital between March 1, 2020, and March 1, 2022. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The study included 148 patients, and 66.89% of them were women. The mortality rate was 28.38%. Considering the blood gas parameters, there was a statistically significant relationship between PH and low saturation and mortality (p=0.029, p=0.001, respectively). Although creatinine values were higher in non-surviving patients than in surviving patients, it was not statistically significant (p=0.252). Blood urea nitrogen was statistically significantly higher in patients who died (p=0.001). Sodium and potassium values were also not associated with mortality (p=0.991, p=0.886, respectively).&lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; The effect of kidney function tests on the prognosis is very important in managing pulmonary embolism. BUN will be more beneficial to the clinician than creatinine and plasma electrolytes in the management of patients with pulmonary embolism.

Pharmacokinetics of escalating single-dose administration of cannabidiol to cats.

This study aimed to assess the single-dose pharmacokinetics and tolerability of a cannabidiol (CBD) isolate in sunflower oil with escalating oral doses in eight healthy, purpose-bred cats. Eight cats were randomized into six dosing groups of four cats each. Cats were administered a single 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, or 80 mg/kg dose orally with at least a two-week washout in between doses. Behavior scoring, complete blood count, serum biochemistry analysis, physical examination, and CBD plasma levels were evaluated before and after dosing. All cats successfully completed the study. CBD was measured in the plasma of all cats dosed with CBD oil. The Cmax and AUC increased in a dose-proportional fashion across all dosing groups. There were no major bloodwork or behavioral changes although the BUN and creatinine values decreased after treatment across all doses. No adverse effects were observed, and behavioral changes were limited to head shaking, lip smacking, and hypersalivation immediately following dose administration. Single orally administered CBD doses up to 80 mg/kg were safe and well tolerated in this cohort of cats and display dose-proportional pharmacokinetics across a broad concentration.

Studies on the mechanism of energy metabolism via AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway induced by compatibility of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort and Gastrodia.

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates overall energy consumption and energy intake through cytokines. Ligusticum striatum DC (CX) combined with Gastrodia elata Blume (TM) has been used for migraine treatment for millennia. When used alone in clinical practice, CX causes symptoms of thirst, irritability, and yellow urine and has influenced the levels of cytokines such as AMP that activate the AMPK pathway of energy metabolism. However, relationships between this compatibility prescription, integral biological energy metabolism, and the AMPK pathway remain unclear. Studies were performed by treating normal rats with physiological saline, CX extract, CX coupled TM extract, and TM extracts separately for 4 weeks. Food intake, water intake, urine output, stool output, and body weight were monitored once a week by the metabolic cage method. Values of FBG, BUN, TP, TC and TG in blood samples were detected approaching the whole blood automatic detector from 1 to 4 weeks. Na+-K+-ATPase, Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase, cAMP, and cGMP activity were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the biological samples that were obtained at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after drug administration were tested by GC-TOF-MS. Then real-time PCR and Western Blot were applied to detect changes in expression of some substances involved in energy metabolism. The results demonstrated that administering CX alone increased energy input, mobility, and respiratory exchange ratio, accelerated energy consumption, and caused inflammatory infiltration in the liver. CX coupled with TM led to lower energy metabolism and liver damage in comparison with CX used alone. Moreover, CX-treated rats harbored higher levels of differential metabolites (including pyrophosphate, oxaloacetic acid, and galactinol). Glycerophospholipid metabolism and the citrate cycle are closely related to the differential metabolites above. In addition, CX-induced unbalanced energy metabolism depends on cAMP activation mediated by the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway in rats. Our findings suggest that CX-induced energy metabolism imbalance was corrected after coupling with TM by mediating the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway.

What are the Alternatives to the LRINEC Score in Identifying Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections in the Emergency Department?

Background: The emergency department (ED) is an dynamically high-risk setting. Our aim is to determine the blood parameters associated with necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTI) to strengthen the LRINEC score. &#x0D; Materials and methods: We analyzed 109 patients who were diagnosed with necrotizing soft tissue infection in the Urology, Dermatology, Plastic surgery and General Surgery clinics of Atatürk University between 2013 and 2016. In the same period, we matched 624 patients diagnosed with cellulitis as a control group. &#x0D; Results: Of four defined clinic's records to Atatürk University Hospital in 2013 to 2016, 109 matched and 624 matched control records were abstracted. Diagnoses associated with the NSTIs were: gangrene (n=47), gas gangrene (n=7), Fournier's gangrene (n=44) and necrotizing fasciitis (n=11). In patients with Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infection, BUN (p=0,00), K (0,011), Neutrofil (p=0,013), Lenfosit (p=0,003), Htc (p=0,00), RDW (p=0,002), Plt (p=0,042), AST (p=0,00), ALT (p=0,00) and INR (p=0,003) values were found to be statistically significant in making the diagnosis. &#x0D; Conclusion: BUN, K, Neutrofil, Lenfosit, Htc, RDW, Plt, AST, ALT and INR values measured from blood tests of patients diagnosed with NSTI can be used in distinctive diagnosis of Soft Tissue Infection (STI). Increased awareness of these values may improve Emergency Department (ED) decision making and prevent miss diagnose.

Amelioration of experimental nephrotoxicity due to 5-Flourouracil by Resveratrol in comparison to Vitamin-E

The therapeutic efficacy of Resveratrol (RSV) and Vitamin E were studied against 5-Flourouracil (5-FU) induced nephrotoxicity. 36 male Wistar rats were selected randomly weighing between 150-180 g and are made into 6 groups, each group containing 6 rats. Group 1 was maintained as sham. 5-Flourouracil was administered to groups 2, 5 and 6 intraperitoneally (20 mg/kg body weight) on day 1, 3 and 7. Group 2 was kept as positive control (administered 5-FU intraperitoneally). Groups 3, 5 and 4, 6 were administered vitamin E and resveratrol per orally for 14 days @ 200 mg/kg bwt. At the end of the experiment the blood was withdrawn and serum analyzed for renal biomarkers. For histopathological studies, samples of kidney tissue collected by inducing euthanasia in rats. The sero-biochemical analysis revealed a significant increase in BUN and creatinine values of the rats in group 2. The antioxidant activity was analyzed and the rats in group 2 revealed a significant rise in the values of protein carbonyl, TBARS and significant decrease in GSH. Group 2 also showed an increase in TNF-α and decrease in interleukin-10 concentration. Sections of kidney tissue collected from group 2 showed marked dilation and elongation of tubules, moderate infiltration with inflammatory cells degeneration of bowman’s capsule and tubular congestion. Comparatively, groups undergone treatment showed amelioration in the parameters. Thus, resveratrol and vitamin-E exert protective actions against 5-flourouracil (5-FU) induced nephrotoxicity.