BUN Values Research Articles

The Effect of L-Carnitine Use on Some Blood Parameters, Milk Yield, Milk Composition, and Live Weight in the Transition Period of Dairy Cows

This study aims to determine the effect of supplementing L-carnitine during the transition period on fatty liver, ketosis and milk yield of dairy cows. The control group includes ten cows fed with normal ration (n=10), while the experimental group consists of 11 cows daily supplemented with six-grams of rumen-protected L-carnitine additive orally (n=11). In the study, while there is no statistically significant difference between serum NEFA and BHBA levels between the control group and the experimental group treated with carnitine, the difference in glucose level is statistically significant (p <0.001) in terms of time. While a severe decrease in glucose levels occurs in the control group after birth, the group given carnitine remains within the normal range. The carnitine-treated group's serum BUN value is significantly lower than the control group (p <0.05). Accordingly, L-carnitine neither has a statistically significant effect on Ca, P, GGT, triglyceride values, nor milk yield, milk composition, and live weight. In conclusion, daily oral administration of 6 g L-carnitine increases the use of fatty acids in energy metabolism through the intake into tissues and decreases muscle protein catabolism.

Early creatinine and e-GFR changes as prognostic predictors of COVID-19 patients

Abstract Objectives We aimed to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 disease on kidney functions and early prognosis. Methods All cases were divided into those discharged and exitus cases. The patients were diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI) according to the KDIGO criteria. Results As a result of the ROC analysis, the patients with a creatinine value above 1.05 for day 1 and 0.975 for creatinine value on day 7 would be mortal (AUC values of 0.641 (0.569–0.714) and 0.757 (0.689–0.825), respectively). As a result of Univariate analysis; D-Dimer, Procalcitonin, BUN and creatinine values are risk factors and a one-unit increase in these values is 1.184; 1.105; It was determined that it would increase 1.024 and 1.304 times (p values 0.008; 0.007; <0.001; 0.002), respectively. Decreased in e-GFR value would increase the risk of death 1.026 (1/0.975) times (p<0.001). Conclusions We observed the high creatinine, D-dimer, procalcitonin, ferritin, and low e-GFR levels were risk factors for severity and mortality for COVID-19 disease. While physicians and all stakeholders focus on the prognosis and mortality of the disease of COVID-19 disease, it is necessary to be thorough about kidney involvement as much as respiratory system involvement.

Effect of Four-in-One Optimized Emergency Nursing Procedure on Symptoms and Vital Signs of Patients with Mushroom Poisoning.

Most members of the general public find it difficult to identify poisonous wild mushrooms, resulting in family food poisoning. Toxic mushroom poisoning can produce nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and other severe symptoms 30 minutes or more after ingestion that can even lead to death. Using a “four-in-one” optimized emergency nursing procedure to treat mushroom poisoning can reduce the rescue time and improve the survival rate of patients. This study aimed to analyze the influence of a “four-in-one” optimized emergency nursing procedure to treat patients with toadstool poisoning. A prospective randomized study was conducted. Sixteen cases of toadstool poisoning, corresponding to 78 patients admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to July 2020, were selected and divided into a study group and a control group of 39 cases each using a random number table. The control group was provided with routine emergency care, and the study group was given a “four-in-one” treatment that optimized the emergency care process; both groups were subjected to basic treatment + blood purification and other treatment measures, and the treatment time in the rescue room and the first blood purification time of the two groups were compared. Differences in routine blood tests, liver and kidney function indices, hospitalization time, coma time, treatment outcome, and nursing satisfaction before and after treatment were found. The treatment time and the first blood purification time of the study group were lower than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05); ALT, AST, TBIL, TBA, and ALB were measured upon admission for the study and the control groups. The measured values of PT, APTT, CK, CK-MB, and BUN were compared for the two groups, but the difference in the values between the two groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05); after 7 days of treatment, the ALT, TBA, and APTT indicators of the study group were lower than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05); the measured values of ALT, AST, TBIL, TBA, ALB, PT, APTT, CK, CK-MB, BUN, and Scr after 7 days of treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment for both groups (P < 0.05). The length of stay for the study group was lower than that for the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05); the treatment efficiency was 87.18% for the study group, compared with 82.05% for the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The study group rated nursing care as follows: very satisfactory, 79.49%; relatively satisfactory, 15.38%; and acceptable, 5.13%; the control group rated nursing care as follows: very satisfactory, 51.28%; relatively satisfactory, 30.77%; and acceptable, 12.82%; the results were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Using a “four-in-one” optimized emergency care process to treat patients with mushroom poisoning can significantly reduce the rescue room treatment time and the first blood purification time and improve nursing satisfaction, but has a limited effect on improving the treatment efficiency.

Comparison of Predicting the Severity of Disease by Clinical and Radiological Scoring Systems in Acute Pancreatitis

Aim: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a frequent reason for patient presentation in emergency department. It is hard to assess objectively the grade of the disease due to a wide range of clinical signs in terms of determination the need for intensive care or surgical intervention. At this stage there is not a unique, unified scoring system that determines the severity of the disease. In this study we aimed to compare clinically used AP scoring systems; Ranson, BISAP and Balthazar (CTSI), SIRS to predict disease severity. Material and Methods: In this study, AP patients that were diagnosed by Atlanta criteria were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical, laboratory and radiological images and results of the patients were analyzed by using the "first 24 hours Ranson", "BISAP" and SIRS scores. The Balthazar scores were calculated from the CT reports retrospectively. Results: Age, respiratory rate and BUN values of the patients with mortality were significantly higher than the patients who survived, whereas diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, SO2 and amylase values of the patients with mortality were found to be significantly lower than the patients who survived. When the 6 month mortality prediction of prognostic scoring systems was examined, it was found that the BISAP score could catch 94% of mortality (95% CI: 0.88-0.97), and the SIRS score could predict mortality by 74.7% (95% CI: 0,66-0,82). Conclusion: Regarding the APs severity prediction, BISAP and SIRS scores were more sensitive and specific in terms of monthly and overall mortality in patients.

Investigation of the nephroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine on colistin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

There are very few studies in the literature focusing on whether dexmedetomidine exerts a protective effect on colistin nephrotoxicity. Our study aims to investigate the nephroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine in an experimental model of nephrotoxicity in rats. The control group was administered saline (SF) intraperitoneally twice a day. The colistin group received an intraperitoneal (ip) injection of 10 mg/kg of colistin twice a day. The DX10 group received 10 mg/kg of colistin 20 minutes after the intraperitoneal injection of 10 mcg/kg of dexmedetomidine. The DX20 group received 10 mg/kg of colistin 20 minutes after the intraperitoneal injection of 20 mcg/kg of dexmedetomidine. Applications were continued for 7 days, twice a day. All rats were sacrificed on the 8th day after blood and kidney tissue samples were taken. BUN, Creatine, KIM-1 and Endothelin-1 were studied in blood samples. There was a significant difference in the median values of Urea, BUN and Creatine between the groups (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively). There was a significant difference in the median values of KIM-1 and Endothelin-1 between the groups (p=0.009, p=0.001, respectively). A significant difference was observed between the histopathological scores of the groups (p<0.001). Dexmedetomidine significantly decreased the elevated levels of BUN, Creatinine, KIM-1, and Endothelin-1 induced by colistin. Dexmedetomidine, at both doses, histopathologically prevented apoptosis and reduced the number of necrotic cells in the kidneys. Dexmedetomidine provides renoprotective effects, therefore it is a valuable sedation agent for clinicians working in intensive care units (Tab. 2, Fig. 4, Ref. 19). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Keywords: rat, colistin, nephrotoxicity, dexmedetomidine.

Hepatic Lipidosis in Association with Enterobacter Infection in New Zealand White Rabbit - A Case Report

In the present case study, a spontaneous hepatic lipidosis was observed in the 5-year old female laboratory New Zealand White rabbit. A history of asymptomatic animal having signs of anorexia, unresponsive and died within a short span. Further study of clinical pathological findings, showed increased levels of serum hepatic enzymes with no alteration of BUN and creatinine profile values. Systemic necropsy showed pale yellow discolouration of liver, lung oedema and pale discolouration of other vital organs. Histological analysis was done for vital organs. Microscopic examination revealed moderate infiltration of fatty changes with degeneration in liver, kidney and heart. Lung exhibited oedema with pneumonic changes. A growth of mixed enterobacteria was found in heart blood and lung samples culture. Based on gross morphological changes and histopathological findings the present case was diagnosed as hepatic lipidosis.

Laboratory markers used to predict mortality in severe COVID-19

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the laboratory markers used in the diagnosis of COVID-19 and to present the parameters that can be used to predict mortality. Material and method: The cases followed in the intensive care unit due to COVID-19 in our clinic between March 2020 and December 2020 were evaluated retrospectively. A total of 374 patients who met the study criteria were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups as the patients who were discharged from the intensive care unit with no mortality and patients with a mortal course. Patients with no mortality constituted Group- 1, and patients with a mortal course constituted Group- 2. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of the patients were compared. Results: The number of patients in group- 1 consisting of patients with no mortality was 148 (39.5%), and the number of patients in group- 2 consisting of patients with mortality was 226 (60.4%). In the group of patients without mortality, 84 (56.8%) of the patients were male, while in the mortality group, 127 (56.2%) were male. In the mortality group, procalcitonin, CRP, BUN, D-dimer, troponin, LDH, lactate, and INR values were higher, albumin value was lower, and this difference was statistically significant (p&lt; 0.001). In the logistic regression analysis, PLT and D-dimer were found as the independent variables of mortality. Conclusion: We think that the high procalcitonin and D-dimer values obtained with routinely examined rapid

The combination of aging and chronic kidney disease leads to an exacerbated cortical porosity phenotype.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and aging are each independently associated with higher fracture risk. Although CKD is highly prevalent in the aging population, the interaction between these two conditions with respect to bone structure and mechanics is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to examine cortical porosity and mechanical properties in skeletally mature young and aging mice with CKD. CKD was induced by feeding 16-week and 78-week male mice 0.2% adenine (AD) for six weeks followed by two weeks of maintenance on a control diet for a total study duration of eight weeks of CKD; control (CON) animals of each age were fed a standard diet. Serum biochemistries, μCT imaging, and mechanical properties via four-point bending were assessed at the endpoint. Phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, and blood urea nitrogen were elevated in both ages of AD mice compared to age-matched CON; aging AD mice had PTH and BUN values higher than all other groups. Femoral cortical porosity was more than four-fold higher in aging AD mice compared to young AD mice and more than two-fold higher compared to age-matched controls. Structural and estimated material mechanical properties were both lower in aging mice, but there were no significant interactions between AD treatment and age. These data show an interaction between CKD and aging that produces a more severe biochemical and cortical bone phenotype. This highlights the importance of studying mechanisms and potential interventions in both young and aged animals to translate to a broader spectrum of CKD patients.

Improved Hemolytic Anemia with GBT1118 Is Reno-Protective in Transgenic Sickle Mice

Intravascular hemolysis releases cell-free hemoglobin and heme into the circulation. When haptoglobin and hemopexin are depleted, as observed in sickle cell anemia, cell-free hemoglobin and heme can cause direct oxidative injury, upregulation of inflammatory and immune response pathways, and depletion of nitric oxide. The kidneys are the primary route for clearance of non-scavenged cell-free hemoglobin and heme and are particularly susceptible to these deleterious pathways (PMID 31455889).In patients with sickle cell anemia, increased markers of hemolysis and hemoglobinuria are risk factors for kidney disease and kidney disease progression (PMID 24329963). Voxelotor is a small molecule allosteric modulator that binds and maintains sickle hemoglobin in the oxygenated state, thereby preventing hemoglobin S polymerization and red blood cell sickling. In a phase 3 study, voxelotor improved the degree of hemolysis, as reflected by a rise in hemoglobin concentration and a reduction in indirect bilirubin and reticulocyte percentage (PMID 31199090). The benefits of reducing hemolytic anemia with voxelotor on kidney function are unknown.We investigated whether GBT1118, an analogue of voxelotor with improved pharmacokinetic properties in transgenic sickle mice, would improve biomarkers of kidney damage and kidney function in sickle cell anemia. Transgenic sickle mice (Hb SS; Townes model, Jackson Laboratory) were treated with either GBT1118 (5 male, 5 female) or control (5 male, 5 female) chow from 12 to 24 weeks of age. Urine was collected using metabolic cages for 24 hours at 3 week intervals and blood was collected at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks of therapy. We compared markers of hemolysis (hemoglobin, reticulocyte percentage), reactive oxygen species (thibarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS], kidney injury (kidney injury molecule-1 [KIM-1], nephrin), and kidney function (urine albumin and protein, serum blood urea nitrogen [BUN] and creatinine) at the respective time points using ANOVA and adjusting for gender. Mean and standard error values are provided.Consistent with the clinical results observed in the voxelotor phase 3 study, we observed significant improvements in the hemoglobin concentrations and reticulocyte percentages of Hb SS mice treated with GBT1118 versus control (Figure 1A and 1B). The hemoglobin occupancy of GBT1118 after 6 weeks (33 ± 2%) and 12 weeks (28 ± 2%) of therapy were also similar to what was observed in the phase 3 clinical study. An improvement in hemolysis led to reduced hemoglobinuria (6 weeks: treated = 0.07 ± 0.03 vs. control = 0.72 ± 0.2 ng/day, P = 0.004; 12 weeks: treated = 0.04 ± 0.03 vs. control = 1.06 ± 0.32 ng/day, P = 0.006) and less oxidant damage in the kidneys, assessed by urine TBARS concentration, in the treated versus control mice (6 weeks: treated = 31 ± 6 vs. control = 60 ± 10 nmol/day, P = 0.001; 12 weeks: treated = 29 ± 4 vs. control = 71 ± 9 nmol/day, P < 0.001).At 24 weeks of age, markers of glomerular (nephrin: treated = 3.5 ± 0.7 vs. control = 8.5 ± 1.6 ng/day) and tubular injury (KIM-1: treated = 169.6 ± 19.4 vs. control = 348.9 ± 48.2 pg/day) were significantly improved in the treated versus control Hb SS mice (P< 0.001) (Figure 1C). Albuminuria remained stable in the treated Hb SS mice and was relatively close in value to the degree of albuminuria observed in Hb AA mice (Figure 1D). In contrast, albuminuria progressively increased with older age in the control Hb SS mice. A similar pattern was observed for proteinuria (24 week: Hb SS treated = 2.02 ± 0.17 mg/day, Hb SS control = 3.65 ± 0.44 mg/day, Hb AA = 1.65 ± 0.27 mg/day). At 24 weeks of age, the treated Hb SS mice had serum BUN and creatinine values that were similar to what was observed at 12 weeks of age in the Hb SS mice and to the 24-week old Hb AA mice (Figure 1E, 1F). Furthermore, the values for serum BUN and creatinine were significantly lower in the treated versus control Hb SS mice at 24 weeks of age (P ≤ 0.04).In conclusion, we demonstrate that an improvement in hemolysis results in preserved kidney function in transgenic sickle mice. Our findings highlight the clinical importance of hemolytic anemia in the pathophysiology of sickle cell nephropathy. Our results also provide support for developing strategies to mitigate hemolysis in sickle cell anemia in order to provide a targeted approach to improve kidney disease, a devastating complication associated with high morbidity and mortality, in sickle cell anemia. [Display omitted] DisclosuresGordeuk: Modus Therapeutics: Consultancy; Novartis: Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding; Emmaus: Consultancy, Research Funding; Global Blood Therapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding; CSL Behring: Consultancy. Saraf: Global Blood Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding.

Does dehydration prior to primary total joint arthroplasty increase risk of perioperative complications?

BackgroundPrior studies have suggested that preoperative dehydration increases odds of perioperative complications in several areas of orthopedic surgery. This study aimed to evaluate whether preoperative hydration status is associated with the incidence of short-term complications after primary total joint arthroplasty.MethodsThe 2012–2019 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database was used to explore the relationship between preoperative dehydration (ratio of preoperative BUN divided by preoperative Creatinine (BUN/Creatinine) > 20) and perioperative outcomes of total hip (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients. Univariate comparisons and multivariate regression analyses were conducted to identify specific complications that occurred more often in patients with preoperative dehydration.ResultsOf 188,629 THA and 332,485 TKA patients, 46.3 and 47.0% had preoperative dehydration, respectively. After controlling for demographics and comorbidities, dehydrated THA patients were no more likely to experience a complication compared to their non-dehydrated counterparts (relative risk [RR] = 0.97, 99.7% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.92–1.03, P = 0.138) nor increased risk of blood transfusion (RR = 1.02, CI = 0.96–1.08, P = 0.408). Similar to THA patients, dehydrated TKA patients were not more likely to have a complication after surgery (RR = 0.97, CI = 0.92–1.03, P = 0.138) and were at no greater risk of transfusion (RR = 1.02, CI = 0.96–1.07, P = 0.408). A sub-analysis covering only patients with BUN and Cr values determined within 24 h after surgery was performed and similarly found no significant increase in perioperative complications or transfusion.ConclusionOverall, preoperative dehydration in patients undergoing THA/TKA did not appear to increase risk of transfusion or other perioperative complications. Further research is needed to characterize the role of hydration prior to elective total joint arthroplasty.

The Change in Blood Parameters with Age in Holstein Calves

Blood parameters have been used for various purposes in animal husbandry. Studies have been focused on becoming an important tool in individual animal or herd monitoring. In previous studies, standard values for biochemical and hematological variables were emphasized. However, factors such as sample size, breed, season, and age caused big variation in results. Therefore, in this study, total protein, albumin, urea, BUN, BHBA, NEFA, total cholesterol, ALT, AST, GGT, Ca, P and Mg values were studied in healthy Holstein male calves born in the same season under the same farm conditions. As a result, total protein, albumin, urea, BUN, BHBA, NEFA, total cholesterol, ALT, AST, GGT, Ca, P and Mg values in healthy Holstein male calves 6.94 ± 0.07 (g / dl), 2.98 ± 0.09 (g / dl), 30.00 ± 0.99 (mg / dl), 14.01 ± 0.46 (mg / dl), 0.78 ± 0.09 (mmol / L), 0.39 ± 0.05 (mmol / L), 173.19 ± 7.55 (mg / dl), 28.49 ± 1.50 (U / L), 85.05 ± 2.64 (U / L) , 28.01 ± 3.20 (U / L) 8.73 ± 0.12 (mg / dl), 6.01 ± 0.44 (mg / dl), 2.14 ± 0.04 (mg / dl ) has been determined. The difference between the total protein, albumin, urea, BUN, BHBA, NEFA, total cholesterol, ALT, AST, GGT, Ca, P and Mg values obtained as a result of the study by months was not statistically significant. Keywords: calf production, rearing, blood, period, criteria, DOI: 10.7176/JSTR/7-09-04

The relationship between renal oxygen saturation and renal function in patients with and without diabetes following coronary artery bypass grafting surgery

Background/Aim: Acute kidney injury may occur due to renal ischemia and hypoxia during coronary artery bypass surgery. Monitoring of renal regional tissue oxygenation might be useful to determine renal hypoxia. We aimed to investigate whether renal oxygen saturation values differ between diabetic and non-diabetic patients and evaluate the relationship between intra-operative renal oxygen saturation values and postoperative renal function. Methods: Forty consecutive patients aged 18-65 years, who underwent elective coronary artery bypass grafting, were included in this prospective case-control study. Body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 and the presence of renal damage were considered the exclusion criteria. Group I consisted of diabetic patients (n = 20), and Group II consisted of non-diabetic patients (n = 20). Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) recorded renal saturation values just before the intubation as the basal value and every 10 minutes after intubation in all patients. Creatinine clearances and glomerular filtration rates were calculated along with blood urea nitrogen and creatinine values on the postoperative 1st and 3rd days of all patients. Results: The two groups were similar in terms of gender, age, body mass index, duration of surgery, cross-clamp time, and total cardiopulmonary bypass duration (P>0.05). While there was no difference between baseline values, significant differences were found between preoperative BUN and creatinine and POD 3 BUN and creatinine values in Group 1 (P=0.003 and P=0.046, respectively) and Group 2 (P=0.018 and P=0.030, respectively). There was no significant difference between two groups in renal oxygen saturation values considering both basal and post-intubation measurements (P>0.05 for all). However, an earlier decrease in renal oxygen saturation values was seen in diabetic patients (P 0.05 for all). Conclusion: Although coronary artery graft bypass surgery does not lead to a significant difference in renal saturation values, as determined by Near Infrared Spectroscopy, in diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic patients, NIRS may be helpful and beneficial to show renal ischemia in these patients.

The effects of dexketoprofen on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury: an experimental study

ObjectiveIschemia/reperfusion (I/R) may cause irreversible damage to tissues and organs. We evaluated the effects of dexketoprofen on a renal I/R model in rats. MethodsThe study included 30 male rats. Control group received 1 mL of saline. Dexketoprofen group received 1 mL (25 mg) of dexketoprofen intraperitoneally. After 60 minutes renal ischemia, 23 hours reperfusion was applied. In Sham group, laparotomy was performed with a medial line incision without any additional procedure. Changes in the plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), renal tissue MDA, plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), BUN, creatinine and albumin levels, and histopathological changes were evaluated. ResultsCAT values were significantly lower in Control as compared with the Sham group. Plasma levels of MDA in the Control group were significantly higher than in the Dexketoprofen group. BUN and creatinine values were significantly higher in the Dexketoprofen group. The severity of tissue injury in the Dexketoprofen group was significantly higher than in Control and Sham groups ConclusionAlthough dexketoprofen reduces the I/R-induced systemic inflammation, it increases renal tissue damage.

Safety evaluation of dufulin racemate and its R(S)-enantiomers in rats based on dose-effect relationship, time-effect relationship, and lipidomics

In the present study, the dose-effect and time-effect relationships of Dufulin racemate (rac-DFL) and its R(S)-enantiomers in rats were investigated after oral administration to evaluate their safety. A total of six doses (2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0, 50.0, and 100.0 mg/kg) were administered and seven time-intervals (1 h, 3 h, 1 d, 3 d, 5 d, 7 d, and 14 d) were considered to observe the effects of rac-DFL, (R)-DFL, and (S)-DFL on general behavioral characteristics, liver and kidney functions, pathological changes, and lipid metabolism in rats. The results showed that the rats in each group exhibited a good mental state, agile activity, smooth and shiny fur, and normal diet. Viscera indices of heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney were 5.10–5.56, 4.15–4.59, 0.24–0.28, 6.08–6.48, and 11.02–11.98 mg/g for dose-effect relationships, and 5.01–5.94, 4.11–4.79, 0.24–0.30, 6.00–6.87, and 11.02–11.99 mg/g for time-effect relationships, respectively. Values of ALT, AST, TBil, DBil, IBil, BUN, Scr, β2-MG, and UA were 33.02–38.93 U/L, 108.17–126.53 U/L, 16.22–17.94 μmol/L, 5.75–8.12 μmol/L, 9.50–10.94 μmol/L, 4.03–5.85 mmol/L, 19.42–21.61 μmol/L, 48.16–52.73 mg/L, and 68.51–78.65 μmol/L, respectively. The statistical results showed that there were no significant differences in organ indices as well as liver and kidney function indices among different groups. In terms of pathological morphology, liver and kidney tissue sections of different groups of rats demonstrated normalcy. Rac-DFL, (R)-DFL, and (S)-DFL in the range of 2.5–100.0 mg/kg exerted no significant effect on lipid metabolism. Compared with the blank group, 35, 55, and 14 differential lipids were screened from rac-DFL, (S)-DFL, and (R)-DFL groups, respectively. These lipid changes completely returned to normalcy within 3 h. There were no significant differences at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 d after gavage. These results will aid further evaluation of the safety of dufulin and for provision of scientific evidence for its application as a pesticide.

Effect of Azolla (pinnata) Supplementation on the Haematological and Blood Biochemical Parameters of Deccani Ram Lambs Reared under Grazing Based Production System

Background: Most of the shepherds in Telangana follow extensive rearing system, thereby intake of nutrients by the animal is minimal while grazing. In this context, Azolla, an unconventional feed with high protein and nutritive value may meet the nutritional demand of sheep and help in gaining optimum body weight at an early age in grazing system of management. Therefore, the present study was aimed to study the changes in haematological and blood biochemical parameters of lambs with azolla meal supplementation under grazing based production system.Methods: Eighteen weaner ram lambs were divided in to three experimental groups i.e., T1, T2 and T3 with six lambs in each group, such that average group weights were uniform. T1 group was control with no azolla supplementation while in T2 and T3, azolla was supplemented at the rate of 10 and 20% of dry matter intake, respectively. Duration of experimental feeding was 120 days. The mean haematological and blood biochemical studies were done by collecting the blood samples before the start, in the middle and at the end of the experiment.Result: The haematological parameters like PCV, Hb, RBC and WBC showed no significant difference between the groups. The mean total protein at the end of the experiment was significantly (p less than 0.01) higher in T3 group as compared to T2 and T1 groups. The mean albumin value in the middle and at the end of the experiment was non significantly higher in T3 group followed by T2 and T1 group. The mean BUN value at the end of the experiment was non significantly lower in T3 group followed by T2 and T1 group.

Comparison of Corrected QT and Tp-e/QTc Interval in Intoxication with Drugs That Cause QT Prolongation in Children

Introduction: Childhood intoxications are among the most common reasons for admission to the emergency department. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether there is a primary marker that can determine the risk of arrhythmia by comparison of QT, QTc, QT/QTc, Tp-e/QT, Tp-e/QTc intervals in drug intoxications with prolonging QTc which can be fatal by causing arrhythmia in children. Materials and Methods: In this study, 55 patients who were admitted to Pediatric Emergency Department of Training and Research Hospital between January 2018 and August 2019 within the first 6 hours due to intoxication with QTc prolongation and followed up in our pediatric emergency department were retrospectively reviewed. In patients hospital records, age, sex, medication, time of application, clinical and physical examination findings, vital signs, treatments and results, laboratory findings, electrocardiogram findings at the time of admission hospital and in the 6. hour control, QT, QTc, Tp-e, Tp-e/QT and Tp-e/QTc times were recorded. Results: The median age of the patients in study was 155±77.2 months. The number of female patients was 33 (60%) and the number of male patients was 22. There was a statistically significant difference between leukocyte count, hemoglobin,platelet,bun, creatinine, SGPT and calcium values at the time of admission and control at the 6th hour. There was no statistically significant difference between CK-MB and troponin levels. Also, there was no statistically significant difference between QT, QTc, QT/QTc, Tp-e/QT and Tp-e/QTc intervals. But there was a statistically significant difference between Tp-e/QTc ratio and gender. Conclusions: Although QTc interval continues to be used to determine the risk of arrhythmia in children with drugs prolonging QTc, it may be significant to compare Tp-e and Tp-e/QTc ratio. However, studies involving a larger number of patients are needed to determine whether Tp-e interval and Tp-e/QTc ratio are a priority marker.

Effects of bovine lactoferrin and chitosan nanoparticles on serum biochemical indices, antioxidative enzymes, transcriptomic responses, and resistance of Nile tilapia against Aeromonas hydrophila

The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary bovine lactoferrin (BLF) or chitosan nanoparticles (CHN) alone or in combinations on serum biochemical indices, antioxidative capacity, transcriptomic responses, non-specific immunity, and resistance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) against challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish were fed on the basal diet with no supplements and served as control (CTR), and six other experimental diets containing different levels of BLF (800 and 1200 mg per kg diet), CHN (500 and 1000 mg per kg diet), and their combinations (400 mg BLF plus 250 mg CHN per kg diet, and 600 mg BLF plus 500 mg CHN per kg diet) for 45 days. At the end of the experiment, serum, and tissue specimens (liver and kidney) were collected, fish in all groups were challenged with A. hydrophila and then observed for another ten days to calculate the RPS. Compared to the CTR group, no significant differences were recorded in TP, ALB, GLO, BUN, and CREAT values among all treatments. Serum LYZ, ALT, AST, and ALP enzyme activities were significantly increased in all experimental groups over the CTR (P < 0.05), and their highest values were recorded in the combined treatments. Moreover, dietary supplementation with CHN (1000 mg/kg) and combined treatments significantly increased the SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px enzyme activities compared to other groups (P < 0.05). The highest mRNA expression levels of IGF-1 gene in liver, and IL-1β, and IFN-γ genes in kidneys were found in CHN (1000 mg/kg) group and combined treatments more than other groups. Interestingly, no, or mild histopathological alterations were noticed in the hepatopancreas and posterior kidney of the treated groups. A significantly higher RPS was identified in the combined treatments challenged with A. hydrophila compared with the CTR group. This study exemplifies the positive impacts of dietary supplementation with BLF or CHN alone or combinations on the antioxidative status, immunity, and disease resistance of Nile tilapia.

Protective Effects of Vitamin C Concomitant Treatment on Deferasirox-induced Renal Toxicity in Rats

Background and Aim: Deferasirox (Exjade) is an iron-chelating drug used in patients with beta-thalassemia major. Oxidative stress is among f the major causes of nephrotoxicity and its progression. Deferasirox, due to oxidative stress and increased cell apoptosis causes the dysfunction of renal tubules and renal toxicity. According to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, the present study explored the effect of vitamin C on deferasirox-induced kidney damage. Methods &amp; Materials: This study was performed on 30 Wistar rats in 3 groups of control, deferasirox, and deferasirox plus vitamin C. To induce the nephrotoxicity, the intra-peritoneum injection of deferasirox (75 mg/kg/day) was used. After taking plasma from the blood samples of the explored rats, we determined the values of Cr, Na+, K+, Mg+, osmolality, and BUN in the obtained plasma and urine samples. The creatinine clearance, as well as the relative and absolute excretion of sodium and potassium, were also calculated. After separating the two kidneys, they were used for the histologic study with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&amp;E) staining, as well as Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) biochemical studies. Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1396.309). Results: Cotreatment with deferasirox and vitamin C reduced renal tissue MDA and relative and absolute Na and K excretion and urine osmolarity; this method also increased creatinine clearance and renal tissue FRAP. Conclusion: The co-administration of vitamin C presented a significant protective effect on the renal toxicity induced by deferasirox. The protective property of deferasirox is because of the antioxidant impacts of vitamin C in reducing oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation.

Haemato-Biochemical Alterations in Dogs with Vomition

Vomition is a common clinical presentation in small animal practice and may be associated with gastrointestinal and systemic diseases. Fifty cases of vomition in dogs were studied at Veterinary Clinical Complex of the College in Anand during the period of six months for clinical and haemato-biochemical alterations in comparison to 8 normal healthy dogs. Among 50 dogs, the incidence of vomiting possibly due to Parvo viral infection, pyometra, renal disorders, encylostoma infection, pseudo-pregnancy, hepatic disorders, thrombocytopenia, neutrophilia and dietary abnormalities was in 44.0, 2.0, 14.0, 14.0, 2.0, 4.0, 2.0, 14.0 and 4.0 % cases, respectively. The levels of PCV, TLC and basophils were increased significantly (p less than 0.05) with decreased Hb in dogs suffering with vomiting as compared to healthy control group. The serum biochemical examinations revealed significantly (p less than 0.05) decreased mean serum albumin concentration and increased serum creatinine, BUN, ALT and AST values in dogs with vomiting as compared to healthy control group. However, TEC, lymphocyes, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes counts and serum total protein did not vary significantly between vomiting and healthy dogs.

Effects of Propofol, Ketamine and their Combination (ketofol) as Total Intravenous Anesthesia (TIVA) on Haematological, Serum Biochemical and Hormonal Profile in the Surgical Management of Canine Patients

Background: The non-availability of the sophisticated anaesthetic machine and the necessary equipment to administer inhalant anaesthetic in the field hospitals make their use practically unfeasible for the field veterinarians. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of propofol, ketamine and their combination ‘Ketofol’ as a TIVA on certain haematological, serum biochemical and hormonal profiles in atropine and xylazine premedicated dogs. Methods: The study was conducted in eighteen clinical cases of dogs of either sex. The animals were randomly divided into three groups with six animals in each group. All the three groups were premedicated with Atropine sulphate @ 0.04mg/kg body weight and xylazine HCl @ 0.5mg/kg body weight intramuscularly. In group-I, propofol @ 5mg/kg body weight, in group-II, ketamine @ 5mg/kg body weight and in group-III, ketofol @ 4mg/kg body weight was administered intravenously for induction after 15 minutes of pre-anesthetic administration. Surgical anaesthesia was maintained for 90 minutes in all three groups viz. group-I, group-II and group-III with propofol @ 2.5mg/kg. b.w., ketamine @ 2.5mg/kg b.wt. and ketofol @ 2mg/kg b.wt. respectively by intermittent bolus injection (IBI) technique. Haematological, serum biochemical and hormonal profile were evaluated before administration of the anaesthetic agent (0 minutes) then at 15, 30, 60 and 90 minutes during and after administration of anaesthetic agents. Result: The study revealed that Hb, PCV and TEC were significantly decreased in all the groups at 60 mints and 30 mints respectively. The biochemical evaluation revealed that blood glucose level was significantly increased in all the groups until the end of the experiment. BUN and creatinine value was a significant increase in group-I and group-II than group-III at different time intervals up to the end of the experiment. In all the groups’ alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values significantly increased up to 60th minutes during TIVA whereas AST value was significantly increased in group-II at 30th and 60th minute of the experiment in compare to group-I and group-III. A higher level of cortisol values was recorded in group-I animals for the entire period of observation. There were no changes observed in the case of T3. Transient variables of haemato-biochemical have been reported following propofol, ketamine and their combination (ketofol) as total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA). Thus, it has been concluded that diligent monitorization and electrolyte support are essential during the period of anaesthesia.