Cocoa is crucial for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), facilitating the production of primary and secondary cocoa-based products, including various chocolate derivatives. This study aims to design and evaluate a small-scale hydraulic cocoa press suitable for SME applications by examining the effects of temperature and material mass on extraction yield. These factors form the basis for developing an efficient press machine for small to medium-scale production. The research involved a theoretical machine design followed by experimental testing using three temperature levels (90°C, 100°C, and 110°C) and three material capacities (150 g, 200 g, and 250 g). Results indicated that temperature was the primary factor affecting extraction performance. A temperature of 110°C consistently yielded the highest extraction, reaching 25% at 150 g and staying above 17% at 250 g. Lower temperatures (90°C and 100°C) produced significantly lower yields, with minimal gains despite increased material amounts. These findings offer a strong technical foundation for designing a more efficient cocoa press with an integrated heating system to maintain optimal operating temperature. Implementing this machine in SMEs could enhance production efficiency, reduce processing losses, and increase the added value of cocoa products, thereby strengthening SME competitiveness in the agro-industrial sector.

The quality of food products and a balanced diet play a key role in maintaining health and improving the quality of life. Due to the high popularity of pasta, a promising direction is the development of recipes that include whole grain flour, carrot powder and ion-ozonated water, which increase the nutritional value of the product and improve its chemical composition. The aim of this study was to optimise the technological modes of production of durum wheat pasta using carrot powder and ion-ozonated water to minimise the loss of dry matter (DM) during cooking and increase the protein content in the finished product. We used multifactorial experiment planning with the sequential regression analysis program PLAN. The variable factors considered were the concentration of ion-ozone in the water (Cio), the carrot powder content (Ccp.), the temperature of the water (tw) used in kneading the dough and the drying temperature (td). We found that a minimal DM loss into the cooking water (5.86%) was ensured using a Ccp. of 3.0% and a td of 50°C. Neither the Cio nor the tw had any significant effect on this formula. To achieve the maximum protein content in the finished pasta (14.25%), the optimal parameters used were Ccp. = 1.0% and td = 50°C. Similarly, the Cio and tw factors had no significant effect on the protein composition. These results demonstrate the possibility of controlling the quality indicators of pasta by regulating temperature parameters and the concentration of plant additives. To increase the nutritional value of pasta products without deteriorating the technological properties, it is recommended to use carrot powder at a concentration of 1.0-3.0% and dry it at 50°C. The use of ion-ozonated water is justified from the point of view of safety and microbiological stability, but it did not have a significant impact on the quality indicators studied.

The livestock subsector in Lampung Province is the subsector with the largest economic growth compared to other subsectors. The average economic growth of the livestock subsector is 6.2%, and it is the largest compared to other subsectors. This indicates that this subsector plays a crucial role in Lampung's economy. The purpose of this research is to analyze the livestock subsector's role in the Economy of Lampung Province during the 2020–2023 period. This study employs a quantitative descriptive method using a secondary data analysis approach. The research location is focused on Lampung Province. The secondary data utilized are the value of the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) for all sectors and the GRDP of the livestock subsector in Lampung Province, presented at constant prices (ADHK/Constant Price Basis). The data were obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) and the Provincial Livestock and Animal Health Office of Lampung. Data analysis was performed using the Location Quotient (LQ) method. The research findings indicate that the livestock subsector constitutes a base and leading sector in the economic structure of Lampung Province. Keywords: livestock subsector, Location Quotient (LQ), base sector, GRDP, Lampung province

Wetlands are vital natural ecosystems. To promote their sustainable development, Anhui Province has adopted measures such as issuing carbon tickets and establishing cross-regional ecological compensation mechanisms in the process of realizing the value of wetland ecological products, achieving certain progress. However, challenges such as fragmentation, difficulties in value realization, and financing constraints persist. Drawing on successful domestic and international experiences with the eco-bank model, this study proposes integrating fragmented wetlands through a resource property rights transfer model, unlocking pathways for monetizing ecological services via an ecological rights trading model, addressing financing challenges through a green financial services model, and synergizing industry and ecology with a composite operation model. These approaches aim to accelerate the realization of wetland ecological product value, offering practical insights for advancing wetland ecological conservation and high-quality development in Anhui Province.

In recent years, public awareness of sports has grown, leading to a proliferation of athletic brands in the marketplace. Converse has remained popular for several decades, raising important questions about how to establish a strong brand image and high service quality in the minds of consumers, as well as how to enhance customer satisfaction and loyalty to improve business performance and sustain competitive advantage. The primary objective of this study is to examine the relationships among consumers’ perceptions of spokesperson endorsement, brand image, service quality, perceived value, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty. Data were collected from consumers who had previously purchased Converse products, resulting in 250 valid questionnaires (200 paper-based and 50 online). The findings are summarized as follows: (1) Most consumers express acceptance and recognition of both brand image and spokesperson endorsement, with attractiveness rated as the most influential attribute. Both internally compelling and highly charismatic spokespersons significantly enhance purchase intention; (2) The functional dimension of brand image—such as product variety, practical features, and innovative design—received the highest scores, indicating its central role in consumer satisfaction. Consumers use these cues to infer product quality and, consequently, a stronger brand image facilitates higher overall evaluation and perceived value of Converse products, increasing purchase intention; (3) Perceived service quality, defined by five key dimensions, serves as the foundation for customer satisfaction and loyalty. When customers distinctly perceive high-quality service, they are more likely to become loyal to the Converse brand; (4) Service quality can affect the emotional value within perceived value; thus, providing superior service quality is essential to elevating perceived value; and (5) Customer satisfaction partially mediates the effect on loyalty and is shaped by factors such as endorsement, brand image, and staff service, further influencing customer loyalty.

Phlorizin-diosmetin supramolecular hybrid hydrogel: Structural design, functional properties, and applications in dairy thickening.

Light signal transduction networks regulating phenylpropanoid, terpenoid and alkaloid biosynthesis in horticultural plants.

Abstract The global food crisis has become increasingly urgent in various parts of the world, including Indonesia. Food diversification is needed using local commodities such as red bean flour and red spinach flour to reduce this dependence and increase national food security. This research aims to examine the effect of the comparison of the three types of flour on the chemical, physical and sensory characteristics of semprit cookies and figure out the appropriate formulation. The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a ratio of wheat flour, red spinach flour and red bean flour consisting of 5 treatments, namely: P1(95%:5%:0%), P2(85%:5%:10%), P3(75%:5%:20%), P4(65%:5%:30%), P5(55%:5%:40%). Based on the organoleptic test results, P1 and P3 were selected due to their highest acceptance scores compared to the other treatments. In terms of physical characteristics, P1 showed a higher color (L*, b*, and whiteness index), final weight, stable density, and a spread ratio that supported the desired shape of the semprit . Meanwhile, in terms of chemical characteristics, P3 showed superior results of water, ash, fat, crude fiber, protein and carbohydrate content 3.67%; 2.03%; 28.46%; 4.96%; 7.32%; and 53.56%. These findings are expected to serve as a reference to support food diversification, reduce dependence on wheat imports, and enhance the added value of local agricultural products.

Abstract This study explores the cultural significance of the Phaya Luang, a mythical creature worshipped by the Tai Lue people in Thailand, aiming to harness these beliefs to innovate and market new cultural products for heritage tourism. Employing qualitative methods, including document analysis, in-depth interviews, focus groups, and workshops, this research investigates the ancestral transmission of Phaya Luang beliefs through oral literature. It reveals the potential for these beliefs to inspire the creation of culturally relevant products, specifically satchel bags and yarn lanterns adorned with Phaya Luang motifs. These products cater to the community’s needs, attract tourists and appeal to younger generations through contemporary design. The integration of traditional beliefs preserves cultural heritage and imbues the items with new meanings, particularly the promise of prosperity associated with Phaya Luang. This strategic use of traditional motifs in product development offers insights into effective heritage marketing, significantly enhancing both the cultural and economic value of community products and presenting a successful model for the revitalisation of traditional beliefs in contemporary tourism and product design.

PCR35 Can We Quantify the Financial Impact of Patient-Reported Outcomes on the Value of Oncology Products?

The realization of the value of ecological products offers a novel pathway for achieving high-quality economic development and facilitating green industrial transformation. Building upon the connotations of ecological products and their value, we constructed a three-dimensional indicator system covering supply-based, regulatory, and cultural categories to measure the value realization level of ecological products in 30 provinces of China except Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macao Special Administrative Region, Taiwan Province and Tibet Autonomous Region from 2013 to 2022. By comprehensively applying kernel density estimation, the Gini coefficient, and σ and β convergence models, we analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution, regional differentiation, and convergence characteristics of ecological product value. The results showed that from 2013 to 2022, the overall realization rate of ecological product value exhibited a continuous upward trend, with the mean value increasing from 0.25 to 0.68. However, there were significant gradient disparities among regions, manifesting as a spatially decreasing gradient pattern of "higher in the east and lower in the west." The kernel density estimation results showed that the ecological product value index demonstrated an upward trend for the national level and for the three major regions (eastern, central and western regions). Notably, there was little inter-provincial difference in the development level of ecological products within the eastern and central regions, with pronounced inter-provincial development imba-lances within the western region. The Gini coefficient and its decomposition results showed that inter-regional differences constituted the primary source of variation in the realization rate of ecological product value in China. Meanwhile, intra-regional differences within the eastern, central, and western regions showed a slight upward trend. σ convergence was observed in the realization rate of ecological product value across regions from 2017 to 2021. Moreover, β convergence was identified at the national level and within the eastern and central regions from 2013 to 2022, albeit at a relatively slow pace. The results would be helpful for accurately identifying the spatial imbalance of ecological product value realization, and provide scientific basis for the formulation of differentiated ecological policies and the promotion of regional coordinated development in China and its three major regions.

Ecological product value realization: Lessons learned from practice in China

Abstract Electro-conversion of CO 2 , N 2 , or NO x into valuable chemicals, e.g., CO, HCOOH, and NH 3 , has become a favorite for mitigating environmental pollution and addressing the energy crisis. Typical electrolysis systems, which pair a cathodic CO 2 , N 2 , or NO x reduction reaction (CO 2 RR, NRR, or NO x RR) with an anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hinder the economic viability and efficiency of the overall system due to the energy-intensive OER process. Innovative “Two-in-One” systems that integrate CO 2 RR, NRR, or NO x RR with a value-added oxidation process or energy storage unit, rather than OER, within a single device have emerged as promising alternatives. However, these “Two-in-One” integrated systems still face numerous pressing challenges in advancing the industrialization of CO 2 -, N 2 -, and NO x -related conversion technologies, such as limited application scenarios, low efficiency, and restricted products. Herein, we discuss the technological breakthroughs of “Two-in-One” systems from the perspective of value-added chemical co-production, environmental remediation, and energy storage, aiming to provide readers with fresh research viewpoints to improve efficiency, increase product variety and selectivity, maximize product value, and reduce costs. Specifically, the design principles of “Two-in-One” systems, specific design strategies for dual-value-added chemical co-production, environmental pollutant recycling, and energy storage applications, along with techno-economic and environmental impacts, are discussed in detail. Finally, key research opportunities and challenges are highlighted to facilitate further developments. Graphical Abstract From the perspectives of value-added chemical synthesis, environmental remediation, and energy storage, we discuss innovative “Two-in-One” systems that integrate CO 2 , N 2 , or NO x reduction reactions with a value-added oxidation process or energy storage unit, rather than oxygen evolution reaction (OER), within a single device, as promising alternatives for solving the problem of high energy consumption and meeting real-world sustainability needs.

Promoting the realization of ecological product value through ecological compensation: Empirical evidence from the transfer payments for China's National Key Ecological Function Zones

The commercialization of innovative new products remains a significant obstacle in B2B environments, and the salesforce plays a vital role in this respect. This paper reviews the research literature from 1973 to 2022 to examine variables and their effects on two redundant aspects: Variables with an impact on (1) the proactive selling behavior of salespeople during new and innovative product commercialization and variables with an impact on (2) the selling performance of new and innovative products as perceived by the salesforce. Along with 20 sales experts, we evaluated 118 variables of 50 key studies. We revealed that the salesforce’s belief in the product value is most impactful for later success, closely aligned and followed by the product’s perceived value. The innovativeness of creative salespersons, superior products, and in-depth product knowledge, gained through high-quality training, further influences both examined aspects as well as the entire innovation value stream. We further identified research opportunities tailored to the managerial needs delineated in the literature. This will support the optimization of innovation management activities aimed at successfully establishing innovations on their B2B markets. Finally, we found that inconsistent terminology for new products can undermine innovation management by blurring the distinction between incremental and radical innovations.

In the economic development, the cultural industry occupies an important position. As cultural and creative products gain increasing attention and popularity, they have also become a window for showcasing China’s cultural soft power. This paper comprehensively adopts methods such as questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews to conduct an in-depth analysis of consumer behavior in the cultural and creative market and puts forward targeted strategic suggestions. The study finds that consumers of cultural and creative products are characterized by a younger age and a higher proportion of females. Most of them have a price acceptance range of 80-150 yuan, and they prefer products that combine practicality with artistic appeal and have the attribute of tourist souvenirs. Moreover, young consumers attach importance to the social sharing value of products. However, the current market faces problems such as mismatches between product positioning and consumer structure, unbalanced pricing strategies, lack of precision in marketing, and product innovation that fails to align with consumer expectations. Therefore, based on the analysis results of the binary Logistic model and other methods, this study starts with marketing strategies and proposes suggestions including precise product development, optimization of the pricing system, implementation of precision marketing, and product innovation centered on consumer needs. These measures aim to promote the development of cultural and creative industry and contribute to cultural inheritance and economic growth.

Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are high-molecular-weight biopolymers synthesized by various microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and algae. These compounds have gained noteworthy attention due to their diverse structural characteristics and functional properties, making them valuable in multiple industries, particularly in food, pharmaceuticals, and environmental applications. This review explores the structure, classification, and biosynthetic pathways of EPS, emphasizing their critical role in improving the texture, stability, and nutritional value of food products. In the cereal industry, EPS contributes significantly to the development of fermented beverages and baked goods by enhancing viscosity, moisture retention, and overall product quality. Additionally, their prebiotic properties offer considerable health benefits, including gut microbiota modulation and immune system enhancement. Despite these advantages, industrial-scale EPS production faces challenges such as high manufacturing costs, structural complexity, and purification difficulties. However, advancements in biotechnology, including strain optimization and the use of alternative carbon sources, present promising solutions for improving EPS yield and cost-effectiveness. This review not only highlights the technological and functional potential of EPS in the cereal products industry but also discusses emerging research trends and opportunities for expanding their application. With growing consumer demand for natural, clean-label ingredients, microbial EPS has the potential to revolutionize food processing by serving as sustainable and health-promoting alternatives to synthetic additives. It is hoped that this article brings more attention to these products as they meet the current and future needs of cereal industry.

Purpose The objective of this study is to examine how consumption values affect customers' intentions to buy products made by people with disabilities. These study's findings can help organizations design more effective marketing strategies that showcase the value of products made by people with disabilities by identifying purchasing decision variables. By illuminating how consumption values shape intentions toward products made by people with disabilities, these results support progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and more inclusive economic participation. Design/methodology/approach Two studies assessed consumer purchase intentions for products made by people with disabilities. Partial least squares structural equation modelling was used to analyze a quantitative online survey of 358 respondents in Study 1. Epistemic value predicted purchase intention the most, followed by emotional, functional, and social values. A qualitative study supplemented and clarified quantitative findings in Study 2, boosting consumer value knowledge. Findings This study demonstrates that epistemic, emotional, and functional values significantly influence customer purchase intentions. Conditional and social values did not show significant influence. Social consciousness was not found to moderate the value-intention relationships; instead, it directly predicts purchase intention, reflecting consumers' ethical and inclusive perspectives. This study shows the complexity and perception of customer adoption of innovative-inclusive products developed by people with disabilities, changing stereotypes. A more inclusive and equitable society where everyone can participate in the economy and contribute to their community can result from the findings. Originality/value This study contributes to the limited body of research focused on people with disabilities, specifically on customer perceptions of them. It enhances the understanding of consumption values and the connection between consumers and products made by people with disabilities. This discussion addresses the barriers encountered through the framework of consumption value theory in marketing, providing practical implications for marketers. It contributes to the effective application of its theory in shaping purchase intentions for products created by people with disabilities.

The purpose of this article is to conduct a comprehensive study of contemporary approaches to the formation of digital product concepts in marketing, with an emphasis on their advantages, disadvantages, and methodological features. Particular attention is paid to the theoretical and practical justification of the feasibility of transitioning to a value-oriented approach, which is considered as a means of improving the process of developing digital product concepts. The article proposes an integrated model that allows for the effective combination of existing value development tools and modern organizational and technological solutions for creating competitive digital solutions. Methodology. The article uses theoretical and methodological analysis of literary sources devoted to the concept of digital products and services, as well as a comparative review of the most common approaches to value creation in the digital environment. Particular attention is paid to analyzing the impact of organizational models, modern digital business processes, and technological solutions on the value design process. The proposed approach is based on a critical rethinking of existing theories and models (in particular, Value Proposition Canvas, Jobs-to-be-Done, Kano Model) combined with an analysis of the real practices of digital companies, which allows synthesizing our own integrated methodology for improving the concept of digital products. Results. Application of the proposed framework results in a comprehensive and iterative process for digital product concept development, which systematically integrates user needs, business model validation, and feature prioritization. The methodology enables IT companies to identify and prioritize features that maximize user satisfaction (as measured by the Kano model) while balancing resource constraints and market realities. The developed Integrated Canvas for Digital Product Value Definition allows for the creation of clear, actionable product concepts optimized for both user value and practical feasibility. The adaptability of the framework supports iterative refinement in response to new data or shifting organizational capabilities. Practical implications. The framework offers a structured pathway to minimize the risks associated with misalignment between product features, user expectations, and company resources. By deeply embedding user value through interdisciplinary techniques and continuous validation, IT companies can decrease time-to-market, lower the rate of product failures, and more efficiently allocate development resources. The approach also facilitates cross-functional collaboration and informed decision-making in fast-paced digital environments. Value / originality. The originality of this work lies in its integration of established methodologies – JTBD, VPC, and the Kano model – within a unified, actionable, and iterative canvas tailored for digital product development. By systematically balancing user-centric value creation with realistic assessments of economic and organizational constraints, this article provides a novel, comprehensive solution to one of the central challenges in digital marketing and product management. The framework offers significant theoretical and practical advances, supporting greater agility, innovation, and success in digital product development for IT companies.

Community-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) in Desa Lalang Sembawa face challenges in marketing and digitalization, limiting the potential of local goat milk products. This study aims to develop innovative packaging and digital marketing strategies to increase product value and market reach. The research uses a qualitative community service approach with direct mentoring to empower goat milk UMKM actors. The population includes all BUMDes managers of "Mugi Langgeng Farm," with purposive sampling selecting key managers and consumers. Instruments include field observation, in-depth interviews, and participatory discussions. Data were analyzed thematically with a descriptive approach. Results show the creation of a locally representative, visually attractive packaging design combined with effective Google My Business utilization, enhancing product visibility and consumer trust. The introduction of informative labels strengthened brand identity. The conclusion highlights that integrating innovative packaging with digital marketing tools significantly improves the competitiveness and sustainability of local UMKM products. Continued mentoring is needed to optimize digital adoption.