Value-added Network Services Research Articles

부가통신서비스산업의 경제적 파급효과 분석: 산업연관분석을 이용하여

부가통신서비스산업은 통신서비스 산업과 국가 경제 발전에 중요성이 증대되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 산업연관분석을 이용하여 2000년, 2005년 2009년 세 개년도 동안 부가통신서비스 산업의 역할에 대해 조사하였다. 분석을 위해 수요유도모형에 따른 생산유발효과, 부가가치유발효과 그리고 취업유발효과, 공급유도모형과 레온티에프 가격 모형에 따른 공급지장효과, 물가파급효과 그리고 전후방연쇄효과에 대해 알아보았다. 분석 결과 생산유발효과는 2000년 0.5253원, 2009년 1.31314원, 부가가치유발효과는 0.25112원에서 0.5337원으로 취업유발효과는 0.09749명에서 0.21025명으로 성장하였고, 공급지장효과는 1.29003원에서 2.12048원, 레온티에프 가격모형에 의한 물가파급효과는 0.0022%에서 0.00258%로 상승하였다. 마지막으로 산업연쇄효과에 따르면 최종 수요적 원시산업형의 특징을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. The value added network service industry has played and important role in the telecommunication service industry and in the economic development of Korea. This study uses input-output analysis to investigate the role of value added network service sector in the Korean national economy for the period 2000, 2005, 2009, focusing on four topics in its application: production inducing effects, value-added inducing effect, employment-inducing effects by demand-driven model and supply shortage effect by supply-driven model, inflation impacts by the Leontief price model, finally analysing inter-industry linkage effects. The results of this study are as follows: production inducing effects analysis 2000 0.5253won to 2009 1.31314won, value-added inducing effects 0.25112won to 0.5337won employment inducing effects from 0.09749 to 0.21025 people grew, the supply shortage effect from 1.29003 to 2.12048won, price impact of Leontief price model was increased from 0.0022% to 0.00258%. Finally, inter-industry linkage effects, appeared to have the characteristics of final demand raw industrial.

Broadband in the Republic of South Africa: Politics, Regulation and Service Delivery

South Africa has performed poorly in delivering broadband to its citizens, with very limited access and little effort to boost its adoption. It compares badly to the BRICs and to other comparable nations, while having lost its position as African leader. The African National Congress (ANC) government has emulated global best practice, but inappropriately and often for show. Additional state-owned enterprises were created to increase governmental involvement in broadband markets. Never trusting the idea of an independent non-majoritarian regulator, the ANC undermined its effectiveness, denied its legal mandate and forced commercial operators to come in person to ministers and officials for clarifications and permissions. It created legal confusion through overlapping powers of the regulator and the competition authority which was exploited by the state-owned incumbent operator, Telkom, through forum shopping and protracted litigation. Limited competition in mobile telephony easily outperformed the fixed voice network of Telkom in delivering near universal access and adoption. Similarly, mobile seems to be beating fixed broadband, because it is accessible and affordable. Local loop unbundling has been promised for years, but not yet delivered, despite commitments made to prospective fixed operators, provisions in legislation, consultations by the regulator and an official inquiry. The debate remains active in 2012, despite its technological obsolescence, diverting attention from the need for investments in optical fibre. In a unique instance of clarity, a court overturned a government decision limiting the self-provision of infrastructure by service providers, significantly opening the market. Previously, Telkom had behaved anti-competitively against value-added network service providers.The policy process has been deeply flawed, with ambitious targets adopted but never delivered. The government asserts it must be involved, despite the evidence it cannot or will not deliver and that properly regulated markets will.

Realization of Network Bypass Protecting Instrument Based on ARM-Linux

With the control mode of value-added network services equipment changing from bypass intervention to serial control, in order to minimize the security problems which are caused by the failure of the network equipment, this paper proposes a stable, fast and intelligent network bypass protection system combined with the ARM embedded system—Linux platform. In practical application, the system can automatically skip the broken-down device node to protect the network to be unobstructed. With the features of fast response, stable operation, low power consumption, and the flexible of combination, the scheme is proved to have large practical value.

A measurement study on overhead distribution of value-added internet services

During the last two decades, several value-added services (e.g., IP multicast, IP traceback, etc.) have been proposed to extend the functional capabilities of the Internet. Due to the increasing role of these services, there is a need to better understand their impact on the network. In this paper, we present an experimental study on the intersection characteristics of end-to-end Internet paths and trees. We analyze these characteristics to understand the scale and the distribution of ''state overhead'' that is incurred on the routers by various value-added network services. For the reliability of our analysis, a representative, end-to-end router-level Internet map is essential. Although several maps are available, they are at best insufficient for our analysis. Therefore, in the first part of our work, we exert a measurement study and present an alternative approach to obtain an end-to-end router-level map conforming to our constraints. In the second part, we conduct various experiments using our map and shed some light on the scale and distribution of the state overhead of value-added Internet services in both unicast and multicast environments.

On investigating overlay service topologies

Recently, a moderate amount of work has been reported on the use of overlay networks to support value-added network services, such as multicasting, Quality-of-Service (QoS), security, etc. To design an overlay network, the first step is to choose an overlay topology connecting all the overlay service nodes. When considering overlay topologies, several questions need to be answered first: How overlay topologies affect overlay routing performance? Which topologies can provide satisfactory performance? How can we construct efficient overlay topologies connecting all the overlay nodes? In this paper, we focus on the overlay network topology construction issue. First, we evaluate and compare the performance and overhead of the existing overlay topologies. Second, we formalize the overlay topology construction problem and propose two new heuristic methods to construct efficient overlay topologies. Simulation results have demonstrated the efficiency of the two proposed approaches. It is shown that overlay service performance varies significantly with respect to different overlay topologies. Thus, it is important to choose an appropriate overlay network topology. The knowledge of IP-layer topology information also benefits significantly in constructing efficient overlay topologies as inferred from the results.

Load-balanced agent activation for value-added network services

In relation to its growth in size and user population, the Internet faces new challenges that have triggered the proposals of value-added network services, e.g., IP multicast, IP traceback, DiffServ, IntServ, etc. In addition, recent advances in processor and hardware techniques have enabled the production of high speed and powerful routers. Therefore, it is not unreasonable to expect the Internet to provide a variety of value-added network services other than packet forwarding in the near future. Depending on their purposes, value-added services may improve the scalability and efficiency of end user applications or may enhance the reliability and security of the network infrastructure. On the other hand, they may incur non-trivial overhead on the routers providing these services. It is a thorny problem to reach a balance between the performance of value-added services and the incurred overhead. In this paper, we study this problem in the context of both reliable multicast and distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) defense. In either scenario, a software agent is activated at some routers in a tree topology to provide the required functionality. We formulate the problem as load-balanced agent activation problem (LBAAP). Our goal is to develop a mechanism to activate value-added service agents in the network for the purpose of reaching a balance between the performance and overhead. We develop a polynomial time algorithm to solve the LBAAP problem in single tree case, and propose a heuristic for the LBAAP problem in the case where multiple trees exist in the network, a problem we conjecture is NP-hard. Finally we evaluate the performances of various approaches for activating value-added service agents through simulation.

Customizable virtual private network service with QoS

In this paper, we propose and implement Virtual Network Service (VNS), a value-added network service for deploying virtual private networks (VPNs) in a managed wide-area IP network. The key feature of VNS is its capability of providing a customer with a VPN that is customizable with management capabilities and performance properties comparable to a dedicated physical network. In addition, VNS ensures confidentiality of data and principals through the use of IPSEC. The main technique underlying VNS is the virtualization of routers in both control and data planes. Virtualization of the control plane enables customizable routing and signaling per VPN. On the data plane, packet forwarding and link bandwidth are virtualized. Virtualization of the forwarding mechanism on the data plane enables forwarding of traffic according to each VPN's topology and policies. Virtualization of the link bandwidth enables each VPN to have guaranteed quality of service (QoS) and customized resource management policies. We have developed a VNS prototype for deployment on the CAIRN network. The VNS prototype implements several resource management mechanisms including packet scheduling, signaling and runtime monitoring. A graphical user interface enables service providers to manage, configure and deploy VPNs remotely.

Darwin: customizable resource management for value-added network services

The Internet is rapidly changing from a set of wires and switches that carry packets into a sophisticated infrastructure that delivers a set of complex value-added services to end users. Services can range from bit transport all the way up to distributed value-added services like video teleconferencing, virtual private networking, data mining, and distributed interactive simulations. Before such services can be supported in a general and dynamic manner, we have to develop appropriate resource management mechanisms. These resource management mechanisms must make it possible to identify and allocate resources that meet service or application requirements, support both isolation and controlled dynamic sharing of resources across services and applications sharing physical resources, and be customizable so services and applications can tailor resource usage to optimize their performance. The Darwin project has developed a set of customizable resource management mechanisms that support value-added services. We present and motivate these mechanisms, describe their implementation in a prototype system, and describe the results of a series of proof-of-concept experiments.

A third-party value-added network service approach to reliable multicast

A third-party value-added network service approach to reliable multicast

Flexible real-time payment methods for mobile communications

The method of billing users for mobile telephony is based on systems developed over time for fixed networks. We survey the technology involved, and argue that these systems will become increasingly inadequate for large populations of mobile users where frequent roaming is involved. We present two micropayment schemes which permit a caller to inject a payment stream into the network which allows multiple network operators and value-added service providers to be paid in real time. The methods support dynamic pricing by the association of a pricing contract with the call which specifies the cost for each leg of the call route. The system will alleviate problems of mobile fraud, eliminate the need for interoperator billing agreements, and simplify payment for value-added network services. We discuss the relative merits of the two systems described and the characteristics of the prototype implementation.

Telecommunications Policy in the European Union: Developing the Information Superhighway

AbstractBy the end of this century, the telecommunications market in the European Union will have been transformed from a collection of national monopolies providing little apart from basic voice telephony and Value‐Added Network Services (VANS) into a unified, competitive market for multimedia services ‐ or at least that is the intention behind a series of directives issued by the European Commission. This should open up enormous opportunities for service providers, whatever their origin, and the process of forming the necessary alliances for world‐wide coverage has begun in earnest. A first step, in many cases, is the privatization of the national monopoly provider. New forms of competition such as cable and mobile telephony are springing up with unprecedented speed ‐ so fast, indeed, that the consumer is being left in the wake of the technology.

The challenge of international value-added network services: Agreements in the Asia-Pacific area

International trade in value-added network services (IVANS) is a $200 billion per year global telecommunications marketplace. This marketplace includes such diverse services as videoconferencing, electronic messaging, EDI, online databases, telemetry, remote data processing and network management services. IVANS is also a commingled series of trade and regulatory issues which are successfully challenging conservative national telecommunications monopolies through innovative negotiated competition agreements, especially in the Asia-Pacific area.

Key issues in Europe's open network provision: The case of the German VANS providers

The author sought the views of the largest German value-added network service (VANS) providers on the Council of the European Communities' framework directive on open network provision (ONP). He outlines several additions to the directive which would promote harmonization while preventing ONP from becoming a hindrance to competition in VANS.

Information partnerships--shared data, shared scale.

How can one company gain access to another's resources or customers without merging ownership, management, or plotting a takeover? The answer is found in new information partnerships, enabling diverse companies to develop strategic coalitions through the sharing of data. The key to cooperation is a quantum improvement in the hardware and software supporting relational databases: new computer speeds, cheaper mass-storage devices, the proliferation of fiber-optic networks, and networking architectures. Information partnerships mean that companies can distribute the technological and financial exposure that comes with huge investments. For the customer's part, partnerships inevitably lead to greater simplification on the desktop and more common standards around which vendors have to compete. The most common types of partnership are: joint marketing partnerships, such as American Airline's award of frequent flyer miles to customers who use Citibank's credit card; intraindustry partnerships, such as the insurance value-added network service (which links insurance and casualty companies to independent agents); customer-supplier partnerships, such as Baxter Healthcare's electronic channel to hospitals for medical and other equipment; and IT vendor-driven partnerships, exemplified by ESAB (a European welding supplies and equipment company), whose expansion strategy was premised on a technology platform offered by an IT vendor. Partnerships that succeed have shared vision at the top, reciprocal skills in information technology, concrete plans for an early success, persistence in the development of usable information for all partners, coordination on business policy, and a new and imaginative business architecture.

Regulation and deregulation of telecommunications: the economic and political realities. Part III: Japan, the Pacific Basin and less developed countries

The liberalization of telecommunications in the western hemisphere has not gone unnoticed in the countries of Asia and the Pacific Basin. Japan has already taken the plunge and indeed she passed legislation to end the monopoly of the Nippon Telephone and Telegraph Public Corporation (NTT) in 1984. She has realised that a monopoly can impede develop ments in Information Technology and that deregulation is essential to stimulate competition and consequently lead to the availablity of a wide range of economical value added network services. Liberalization can also be regarded as a tactical move to achieve a firm foothold in the lucrative international tele communications market. There are at least three Japanese companies competing aggressively in the international arena and one of them has already opened an international telecom munications consultancy office in London with plans for fur ther expansion in the United States. The rates of growth of the telecommunications industry in other countries of the Pacific Basin including Korea, Taiwan, Singapore and Hong Kong have also been phenomenal. It is no exaggeration to say that telecommunications is contributing significantly to the continuous shift of economic power from the Atlantic to the Pacific region. However, the area also includes several countries which are so technologically back ward that deregulation is virtually a non-issue. Nevertheless they face several economic, political and information disad vantages which arise from the lack of a well-defined, modern telecommunications infrastructure. They have already recog nized the value of telecommunications in their overall and individual development, and are campaigning vigorously in international forums such as NWICO and WARC for a new world information order based on telecommunications.

Implications of value added network services

Value added network services are growing fast in the USA and UK, where government policies have allowed such services. Different types of service exercise protocols at different levels of the OSI model. A transindustry VAN service, which would act as a clearing house for trading transactions, presents technical, procedural and systems engineering challenges. It will require cooperation between companies.

Credit authorization by telephone

The introduction of credit authorization telephones (CATs) into a chain of department stores has contained fraud and improved customer service. International credit cards and inhouse cards can be used in parallel, with the transaction checking operation being transparent to the user. This is carried out over a Value Added Network service, with links to the major credit card company's computers as well as the inhouse personal credit system.

Networking for travel agents

Major UK travel agency company, Thomas Cook, has developed a network to link its videotex systems in branches with a number of tour operators' systems. It will be offering this network to other organizations using videotex as a Value Added Network service.

Value-added network services. Jumping on the VANwagon

In the beginning there were LANs, then we had WANs, and now VANs. But what are VANs, and what impact will they have on industry and commerce in the UK?

The Economics of New Information Networks

The entities providing value-added network (VAN) service make the implicit assumption that by leasing private lines from the telephone carriers, they can make more efficient use of the lines than can the telephone carriers. If this is proven true, the VAN's should have scale economies at network sizes much smaller than the telephone network, while achieving other desirable technical and economic properties. Why the VAN carriers think this assumption is true is explained.