Valid Data Collection Tool Research Articles

The Adoption of Holacracy in Higher Education: A Scale Development Study

This study aims to develop a valid, reliable, and convenient data collection tool to measure the level of faculty members’ adoption of the holacracy model in university administration. The data of this study were obtained from faculty members working in the faculties of education of state universities in Türkiye in the 2020-2021 academic year. Participation in the study was completely voluntary. The data were collected from a sample of 268 people. Within the scope of the research, the Higher Education Holacracy Scale (HEHS) was used as a data collection tool. The researcher developed the draft form of the HEHS in line with the literature on holacracy. The draft form was presented to 14 experts, one of whom was an expert in measurement and evaluation. Thus, the content validity of the research was ensured. As a result of the analyses, it was determined that the variance explained was 63.228%, the structure consisted of three components, and the fit index values were at a good level. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted for the validity of the scale, and Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient was calculated for reliability. Item-total correlations examined the discrimination of the scale items. After the analyses, it was determined that this 25-item scale, which is in harmony with its theoretical foundations, is a valid and reliable scale suitable for measuring faculty members’ opinions.

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Validation of the Interview Satisfaction Questionnaire (ISQ) to Assess Unmet Health Communication Needs of Iranian Breast Cancer Patients

ABSTRACT Autonomous and patient-centered health communication (PCHC) between a healthcare provider (HCP) and a client (HCC) is a critical fundament for successful healthcare outcomes. A standard and validated data collection tool for studying the satisfaction of Iranian breast cancer patients (BCPs) with various aspects of their health communication with HCPs does not exist. The current study assessed the application, feasibility, and cultural appropriateness of the Persian-translated version of the interview satisfaction questionnaire (ISQ) in the Iranian context. A standard translation/back-translation procedure was used to prepare a preliminary Persian version of the ISQ (ISQ-P) which was then evaluated for content and face validity by a panel of experts. The study data were collected from 200 breast cancer patients and used to estimate the internal consistency measure of Cronbach’s alpha and intra-class correlation coefficient. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to verify the compatibility of the instrument’s identified dimensions with the original ISQ’s factor structure. The calculated content validity index (CVI = 0.89), content validity ratio (CVR = 0.49), and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (0.79) indicated the appropriateness of the ISQ-P for its intended purpose. The CFA’s outputs (root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.09, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.954, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.931, standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = 0.04) affirmed the fitness of the study data to the original 4-factor conceptual model. The study findings supported the suitability of ISQ-P for assessing health communication episodes by Persian-speaking BCPs. However, due to cultural variation, cross-border diversity of health systems, and organizational circumstances, further validity and reliability appraisal of the ISQ-P in distinct sub-samples is recommended.

Financial Toxicity: Unveiling the Burden of Cancer Care on Patients in Rwanda.

Cancer is a major public health problem in Rwanda and other low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). While there have been some improvements in access to cancer treatment, the cost of care has increased, leading to financial toxicity and treatment barriers for many patients. This study explores the financial toxicity of cancer care in Rwanda. This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at 3 referral hospitals in Rwanda, which deliver most of the country's cancer care. Data were collected over 6 months from June 1 to December 1, 2022 by trained research assistants (RAs) using a modified validated data collection tool. RAs interviewed consecutive eligible patients with breast cancer, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who were on active systemic therapy. The study aimed to identify sources of financial burden. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. 239 patients were included; 75% (n = 180/239) were female and mean age was 51 years. Breast, cervix, and colorectal cancers were the most common diagnoses (42%, 100/239; 24%, 58/239; and 24%, 57/239, respectively) and 54% (n = 129/239) were diagnosed with advanced stage (stages III-IV). Financial burden was high; 44% (n = 106/239) of respondents sold property, 29% (n = 70/239) asked for charity from public, family, or friends, and 16% (n = 37/239) took loans with interest to fund cancer treatment. Despite health insurance which covers many elements of cancer care, a substantial proportion of patients on anti-cancer treatment in Rwanda experience major financial toxicity. Novel health financing solutions are needed to ensure accessible and affordable cancer care.

Development of Child to Parent Violence Scale (CPV-S): Investigating Psychometric Properties in Turkish Adolescents

The aim of this study is to develop a reliable and valid data collection tool for assessing child to parent violence in adolescents. A total of 418 students attending secondary education participated in the study, with 55% (220) being female and 45% (188) being male. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses were used to analyse the factor structure of the scale. The reliability of the scale presented in this study was evaluated using Item-total Correlations, Cronbach’s Alpha (α) and McDonald’s Omega (ω) coefficients. According to the results of factor analysis conducted in this study, it was determined that the Child to Parent Violence Scale (CPV-S) consists of 14 parallel items (Mother and Father forms) consisting of emotional, financial and physical violence dimensions. The results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis indicated that the scale generated good values for both the mother and father forms. Concerning criterion related validity, a significant positive relationship was found between child to parent violence for both mother and father forms and tendencies toward violence and adolescent-parent conflict. Lastly Cronbach’s Alpha and McDonald’s Omega coefficients for the Mother Form and Father Form is found to be sufficient. These results show that the scale presented in this study can be utilized to assess child to parent violence in adolescents.

Turkish Adaptation of Principal-Teacher Relationship Scale: Validity and Reliability Study

In the study, the Principal-Teacher Relationship Scale, created originally by Zee, Roorda, and Hanna (2023), was subjected to an adaptation study for Turkish culture. In line with this aim, data for the study were gathered from 389 teachers working in primary and secondary schools located in the districts of Konya, Turkey. The Principal-Teacher Relationship Scale (PTRS) was used as the data collection tool in the study. The PTRS is a two-dimensional scale consisting of a total of 10 items. As part of the adaptation of the PTRS into Turkish, permission for scale usage was obtained initially. Subsequently, the process of establishing the Turkish language equivalence of the PTRS was initiated. After completing this process, data for the study were collected and analyses were conducted. Within the framework of data analysis, the validity and reliability of the PTRS were tested. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the validity of the PTRS's two-dimensional structure. The reliability of the PTRS was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Based on the validity and reliability analyses, it was concluded that PTRS is suitable for use in Turkish culture and is a valid and reliable data collection tool.

The Turkish Validity and Reliability of The Adolescent Dysmenorrhea Self-Care Scale

Objective: Dysmenorrhea is a common health problem that negatively affects daily life and academic skills when not managed well. This study was conducted to examine the Turkish validity and reliability of the Adolescent Dysmenorrhea Self-Care Scale.
 Methods: This methodological study was conducted in 7 high schools in Bursa, Turkey. The research was carried out with 1041 high school students who met the participation criteria. The Adolescent Dysmenorrhea Self-Care Scale was adapted to Turkish by using translation-back translation method. The validity of the scale was evaluated with the content validity index, confirmatory factor analysis, similarity and discriminant validity coefficients and reliability, item-total correlation, internal consistency coefficient and test-retest analysis.
 Results: According to the evaluations of the 10 experts whose opinions were taken for the Content Validity, it is determined that each item scored above 3 (3.52-4.00), and the mean score was 3.92 ± 0.14 and the content validity index was .98. Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient was found α = .96. Confirmatory factor analysis fit indexes and similarity and discriminant validity coefficients showed that the scale has sufficient compatibility with the theoretical six-factor structure. Item total correlations of subdimensions were r = .20-.68 and Cronbach's alpha coefficients were .77-.65. Test-retest correlations of the Adolescent Dysmenorrhea Self-Care Scale and its subdimensions were found r = .87-.99.
 Conclusion: Turkish Adolescent Dysmenorrhea Self-Care Scale is a valid and reliable data collection tool consisting of 40 items and six subdimensions.

Development and validation of a competence model for educational researcher in the Mongolian context

<span lang="EN-US">In the 21st century, competences of educational researchers become increasingly complex and highly significant. Although various discussions and competencies have been for researchers in general, no frameworks have been devised specifically for educational researchers. This study aimed to establish a competence model for educational researcher (CMfER). The dimensions and items were created from a conceptual analysis of the literature, in-depth interviews, and focus interviews. Eight experts in the field of educational research evaluated the content validity. The reliability and validity of the CMfER were examined utilizing a sample of 240 Mongolian educational researchers. The 24-item four factor model was validated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and the results showed adequate model fits. The factor loadings of the model were substantially significant, and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was well above the threshold value, suggesting that the items were internally consistent and reliable. Overall, the results shown that the CMfER can be used as a reliable and valid data collection tool in future studies in which educational researchers’ competences are examined.</span>

Scale of Social Justice Leadership During Distance Education: A Validity and Reliability Study

Social justice leadership has become a necessity in education as in many other fields. It is important to see how much this need is met in the world of education, and most importantly, this leadership is seen from the eyes of students. Minimizing the disadvantage in the distance education process is possible with social justice leadership. The aim of this research is to develop a scale of social justice leadership during distance education, based on student opinions. The research was carried out with the participation of 156 students studying in secondary schools in the district of Yerköy, Yozgat. content validity of Scale Of Social Justice Leadership During Distance Education (SSJLDDE) was ensured based on expert opinions. The construct validity of SSJLDDE was evaluated by performing exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyzes (CFA). The reliability of the SSJLDDE and its sub-dimensions was examined by calculating the Cronbach alpha coefficient. As a result of EFA and CFA, it was seen that SSJLDDE has a structure of 13 items and four factors: critical view, active participation, justice and support. As a result of the examination of the Cronbach alpha coefficient values performed on the factors of the SSJLDDE as a whole, it was seen that the SSJLDDE was highly reliable. Based on these findings, it was concluded that SSJLDDE is a valid and reliable data collection tool that can be used to determine the social justice leadership of teachers in the distance education process based on student opinions at schools.

Outcomes of inquiry-based learning in health professions education: a scoping review.

Open inquiry-based learning (IBL) that aims to foster higher-level thinking, is defined by students formulating their own questions and learning through exploration. The present study aimed to summarize the breadth of metrics used to evaluate health professions trainees in open IBL curricula. We conducted a scoping review to identify publications detailing trainee outcomes in open IBL initiatives in health professions education. We queried five databases and included studies which described interventions with five phases of IBL (orientation, conceptualization, investigation, conclusion, and discussion). We completed abstract and full text reviews in duplicate. Data were collated and summarized. From 3030 record, 21 studies were included in the final extraction (k = 0.94), with nine involving physician trainees and twelve involving nursing trainees. Three studies used validated data collection tools to measure student inquiry behavior, and a single study used a validated data collection tool to measure critical thinking abilities. Most studies (n = 11) reported trainee self-reported satisfaction or perceived gain of skills as the primary outcome. All four studies using validated tools reported high scores in inquiry behaviors at the end of the curriculum and results on critical thinking skills were mixed. One study collected serial data, while remaining studies collected pre-post or post-only data. IBL has the potential to cultivate a climate of curiosity among health professions learners. However, studies have relied heavily on subjective outcomes. Limited studies reported standardized measures of inquiry behaviors suggest favorable results. Curriculum innovations using IBL could make use of existing tools to better understand their impact on students' inquiry-oriented skills.

Primary Care Physicians' Knowledge, Attitude, and Potential Referral Barriers towards Bariatric Surgery: A Northern Saudi Study.

Introduction: Bariatric surgery is the most effective procedure for sustained weight loss and control of obesity-associated comorbidities among morbidly obese patients. Successful bariatric surgery depends on a multidisciplinary approach involving all healthcare workers, including the primary care physicians, from the referral of patients to long-term follow-up. The present study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and potential referral barriers of primary care physicians to bariatric surgery and associated sociodemographic factors. Materials and methods: The present analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 280 randomly selected primary care physicians using a standard and validated data collection tool. We performed an independent t-test and one-way ANOVA to find the association between sociodemographic characteristics and knowledge, attitude, and referral barrier scores. Furthermore, multilinear regression analysis was executed to determine the association among knowledge, attitude, and barriers. Results: The current study found that 52.9%, 19.3%, and 59.3% had a low score in the knowledge, attitude, and barriers categories. The attitude scores were significantly associated with the education status (p = 0.005) and current position at primary health centers (p = 0.012), and the referral barriers score was significantly associated with the work experience duration (p = 0.004). We found a positive relationship between knowledge and attitude (regression coefficient (β) [95% CI]:0.389 [0.154 to 0.585], p = 0.001) and a negative relationship between knowledge and referral barriers (β [95% CI]: -0.291 [-0.127 to -0.058], p = 0.007). Conclusions: Our survey findings suggest that a lack of knowledge regarding bariatric surgery led to several concerns and referral barriers among the physicians. Therefore, the recommendation is to improve the primary care physicians' knowledge through continuing medical education, symposium, and other suitable training methods with a special focus on obesity care in the curriculum. Furthermore, a mixed-method survey involving other provinces of the KSA is warranted to formulate the region-specific training needs.

Testing an Automated Approach to Identify Variation in Outcomes among Children with Type 1 Diabetes across Multiple Sites.

Efficient methods to obtain and benchmark national data are needed to improve comparative quality assessment for children with type 1 diabetes (T1D). PCORnet is a network of clinical data research networks whose infrastructure includes standardization to a Common Data Model (CDM) incorporating electronic health record (EHR)-derived data across multiple clinical institutions. The study aimed to determine the feasibility of the automated use of EHR data to assess comparative quality for T1D. In two PCORnet networks, PEDSnet and OneFlorida, the study assessed measures of glycemic control, diabetic ketoacidosis admissions, and clinic visits in 2016-2018 among youth 0-20 years of age. The study team developed measure EHR-based specifications, identified institution-specific rates using data stored in the CDM, and assessed agreement with manual chart review. Among 9,740 youth with T1D across 12 institutions, one quarter (26%) had two or more measures of A1c greater than 9% annually (min 5%, max 47%). The median A1c was 8.5% (min site 7.9, max site 10.2). Overall, 4% were hospitalized for diabetic ketoacidosis (min 2%, max 8%). The predictive value of the PCORnet CDM was >75% for all measures and >90% for three measures. Using EHR-derived data to assess comparative quality for T1D is a valid, efficient, and reliable data collection tool for measuring T1D care and outcomes. Wide variations across institutions were observed, and even the best-performing institutions often failed to achieve the American Diabetes Association HbA1C goals (<7.5%).

Determining In-service Teachers’ Professional Development Expectations: An Instrument Development Study

Professional development programs (PDs) for in-service teachers are usually structured to deliver standardized content. However, considering the differences in the teaching practices utilized by teachers of different subjects, their needs and expectations may vary. Thus, this study develops an instrument to determine in-service teachers’ expectations regarding PDs. Themes regarding the PD expectations of teachers were created based on a detailed literature review and authors’ field experiences. In line with these themes, an item pool comprising 51 items was created. The developed instrument was applied online to 322 teachers from different provinces of Turkey and teaching different subjects. Exploratory factor analysis was performed on the dataset to ascertain the construct validity of the instrument. As a result of the analyses, the finalized instrument comprised 49 items and 6 dimensions; support, practice, learning, student success, organization, and career. The Cronbach’s alpha internal reliability coefficient of all items in the finalized instrument was .94. These findings show that the instrument is a valid and reliable data collection tool for determining teacher expectations of PDs for identified themes. This instrument will be particularly useful in exploring the expectations of teachers while designing PDs and determining the extent to which current PDs meet teachers’ expectations.

Validation of a Novel Smartphone-Based Electronic Data Capture System Following Surgical Fixation of Distal Radial Fractures.

Large prospective institutional data provide the opportunity to conduct level II and III studies using robust methodologies and adequately powered sample-sizes, while circumventing limitations of retrospective databases. We aimed to validate a prospective data collection tool, the Orthopaedic Minimal Data Set Episode of Care (OME), implemented at a tertiary North American health care system for distal radial fracture (DRF) open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). The first 100 DRF ORIFs performed after OME inception (February 2015) were selected for this validation study. A blinded review of the operative notes and charts was performed, and extracted data of 75 perioperative DRF ORIF procedure variables were compared with OME collected data for agreement. Outcomes included completion rates and agreement measures in OME versus electronic medical record (EMR)-based control datasets. Data counts were evaluated using raw percentages and McNemar tests. Cohen (κ) and concordance correlation coefficient analyzed categorical and numerical variable agreement, respectively. Overall, OME demonstrated superior completion and agreement parameters versus EMR-based retrospective review. Nine data points (12.0%) demonstrated significantly higher completion rates within the OME dataset (P < .05, each), and 88% (66/75) of captured variables demonstrated similar completion rates. Up to 80.0% (60/75) of variables either demonstrated an agreement proportion of ≥0.90 or were solely reported in the OME. Of 33 variables eligible for agreement analyses, 36.4% (12/33) demonstrated almost perfect agreement (κ > 0.80), and 63.6% (21/33) exhibited almost perfect or substantial agreement (κ > 0.60). The OME is a valid and accurate prospective data collection tool for DRF ORIF that is reliably able to match or supersede traditional retrospective chart review. Future investigations could use this tool for large-scale analyses investigating peri/intraoperative DRF ORIF variables.

Evlilikte Bağlanma Yaralanmaları Ölçeği Geliştirme, Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

This study aims at developing a valid and reliable scale to identify the level of attachment injuries of married individuals. This study, which has adopted a survey model, is a descriptive study that has been designed to reveal the construct of the concept of attachment injury and to develop a data collection tool to measure the concept. In this direction, the steps of a scale development process were followed, and a pool of items was first developed accordingly. Explanatory factor analysis, as well as validity and reliability study, was conducted with the data obtained from 287 participants, 203 of whom were female and 84 of whom were male. Then a confirmatory factor analysis was carried out with the data gathered from 253 participants, 156 of whom were female and 79 of whom were male. At the end of the analyses came out a valid and reliable data collection tool which has 17 items in total and is composed of two dimensions, which are “insecure attachment” and “trauma” to identify the level of attachment injuries of married individuals.

Exploration of Predictive Modeling of Defense Health Agency & Department of Veterans Affairs Beneficiaries Dietary Supplements Use

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to predict dietary supplements (DS) use among Defense Health Agency (DHA) and Veterans Affairs (VA) beneficiaries who were scheduled for surgical procedures. DesignThis was a predictive descriptive multicenter study with a convenience sample of 2,623 adult subjects. After institutional review board exemption, data collection occurred preoperatively via electronic survey. Participation was voluntary and data unidentifiable. MethodsData were collected in preoperative anesthesia clinics during preanesthetic evaluations, or in surgery holding areas immediately prior to surgery, using a validated data collection tool. The total convenience sample size was 2,623 subjects from 6 medical centers. Data were voluntarily, anonymously, and verbally obtained from subjects using electronic survey methodology. Collected data included: gender, age, rank, beneficiary status, race, body mass index, tobacco use, marital status, and knowledge of DS side effects and drug interactions. For predictive modeling of DS use, multiple logistic regression was performed for binary outcomes via SPSS. FindingsFor binary logistic regression the predictors were significant for the following outcomes: taking DS (education, sex, age, and race; P < .05), knowledge of side effects (age, race, and rank; P < .05), and believe they are having side effects (age; P < .05). ConclusionsUnderstanding DS use is central to predict and anticipate potential negative sequelae in patient outcomes in anesthesia. College education, females, Caucasians, and increasing age are indicators for greater DS use. These results provide opportunities for perianesthesia nurses to improve preoperative assessments, design patient specific perianesthesia care, and enhance patient education. Further research is recommended.

Patient Interval and Associated Factors in the Diagnostic Journey of Oral Cancer: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study from Kerala, India.

Background:The incidence of oral cancer is increasing in south-central Asia. Though it can be detected early, most cases were reported in late stages, resulting in a poor prognosis. Reducing the patient interval will facilitate early diagnosis and better disease survival. The paucity of research on the patient interval in oral cancer has limited our ability to design and evaluate programs for early diagnosis. Methods:The study was conducted to identify the duration of patient interval and associated factors in oral cancer. Patients with oral cancer reporting at a tertiary cancer center during the study period were interviewed using validated data collection tools. The ‘Aarhus statement’ guidelines were followed in designing and reporting the study. Results:Among the 261 participants, 54% reported a patient interval of more than 90 days. The median (IQR) patient interval was 92 (38-168) days. In the multivariate binary logistic regression model, those who approached healthcare facilities due to pain (OR, 8.3, 95% CI, 2.9 to 23.4) were more likely to have a patient interval of more than 90 days over those who came due to insistence by family. Smoking status (Current smoker vs. never smoker) at the time of diagnosis (OR, 2.518, 95% CI, 1.3 to 4.7), Stage of cancer (late vs. early) of participants (OR, 2.62, 95% CI, 1.3 to 5.2), and time of travel (>30 minutes vs. ≤ 10 minutes) to health care facility (OR 5.8, 95% CI, 1.6 to 21.7) were the other significant predictors for the patient interval of more than 90 days. Conclusion:Patient interval in oral cancer can be reduced by improving symptom awareness, abstinence from tobacco use, and facilitating access to health care facilities. The double burden of tobacco use in oral cancer, as it increases the risk of disease occurrence and delays symptom presentation, needs serious policy considerations in the context of cancer prevention.

Developing a valid and reliable Perceived Global Future Scale.

To develop a valid and reliable data collection tool to define individuals' perceptions of the global future. This methodological study was carried out on 870 participants in Istanbul, a city with the country's highest and most diverse population. Content validity, construct validity, item analyses, and stability of the draft tool were tested. The seven-factor scale structure was confirmed. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale was .93. The Perceived Global Future Scale, consisting of 36 items and seven dimensions, was used. It is a valid and reliable tool to define perceptions of individuals on the global future.

The Problems of School Administrators Scale

In the research conducted with the survey design, data were collected from 709 school administrators to develop the problems of school administrators scale. In this study, a theoretical framework was created according to the findings of the relevant studies and the scale of determining the problems of school administrators was developed. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were done. According to the results, the problems of school administrators scale is a valid and reliable data collection tool that consists of 44 items and 8 dimensions. The scale can determine the problems of school administrators related to workload, personal rights, school administration, school climate, respect, education system, organizational commitment, and violence. With the Problems of School Administrators Scale, the level of problems can be determined and necessary measures can be taken. If the scale can be applied in different regions at the same time, comparisons between regions can be made and attempts can be made to ensure equal opportunity.

Use of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Malaysia: A Knowledge and Practice Study among General Population toward Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Relation to Health and Quality of Life in Malaysia.

ABSTRACTPurpose:There is a wide range of use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), which has increased drastically and affected treatments overall. The knowledge and practice of Chinese herbal medicine among the general population is considered as positive. Literature shows that the effectiveness and acceptance of alternative therapies is still debatable among the general population.Materials and Methods:Study design was cross-sectional, in which sociodemographic data of respondents were collected through a validated questionnaire; results were analyzed by using validated data collection tool. The results were concluded on the basis of good, moderate, and poor response, which was evaluated through data analysis by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 20.0. A P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results:Respondents were 182 (44.4%) males and 228 (55.6%) females; better knowledge was recognized among the females (P < 0.001) with mean knowledge of 15.55 ± 2.7. Chinese population had good knowledge with statistically strong correlation with mean knowledge of 15.63 (P = 0.006). Likewise, Buddhism was reported to have good knowledge among all the religions. Rural population was underlined with lesser family income and they showed good practice and understanding (P = 0.006). Comparatively positive attitude was noticed among the females (P < 0.001) with mean attitude of 15.55 ± 2.7. The highest level of education in this study was postgraduate, which showed 77.1% good attitude. Postgraduate participants were having varied results with standard deviation of ±6.23. Statistically highly significant association was seen between the religion and attitude of respondents with the P < 0.001. Chinese medicine is widely used, but religious difference was found among the races. Similar difference was found in knowledge and practice among the population of rural side and low family income compared to urban population with higher income and access to allopathic medicine.Conclusions:Despite having better practice among the Malaysian population, still the knowledge needs to be disseminated among the population for the overall use of traditional Chinese medicine with safety to improve health and quality of life in Malaysia.

Web-Based Data Collection for Older Adults Living With HIV in a Clinical Research Setting: Pilot Observational Study.

BackgroundLongitudinal follow-up of older persons living with HIV is essential for the ascertainment of aging-related clinical and behavioral outcomes, and self-administered questionnaires are necessary for collecting behavioral information in research involving persons living with HIV. Web-based self-reported data collection results in higher data quality than paper-and-pencil questionnaires in a wide range of populations. The option of remote web-based surveys may also increase retention in long-term research studies. However, the acceptability and feasibility of web-based data collection in clinical research involving older persons living with HIV have never been studied.ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the acceptability and feasibility of a web-based survey to collect information on sexual, substance use, and physical activity behaviors; compare the data quality of the web-based survey with that of a paper-and-pencil questionnaire; and summarize web-based survey metrics.MethodsThis pilot study took place within the AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5322 study, a longitudinal cohort of men and women living with HIV (aged ≥40 years), followed at 32 clinical sites in the United States and Puerto Rico. A total of 4 sites participated in this study. A web-based survey was created using self-administered questionnaires typically completed in A5322 via paper and pencil. Pilot study participants completed these questionnaires via web-based survey at one research visit in lieu of paper-and-pencil administration. Two questions were added to assess feasibility, defined as participants’ perception of the ease of web-based survey completion (very hard, hard, easy, very easy), and their preferred format (computer or tablet, paper and pencil, no preference) for completing the questions in the future (acceptability). Feasibility and acceptability were summarized overall and by demographic and clinical characteristics; the proportion of evaluable data by web-based survey versus previously administered paper-and-pencil questionnaires (data quality) was compared for each question.ResultsAcceptability and feasibility were high overall: 50.0% (79/158) preferred computer or tablet, 38.0% (60/158) reported no preference, and 12.0% (19/158) preferred paper and pencil; 93.0% (147/158) reported survey completion easy or very easy. Older age was associated with lower odds of preferring computer or tablet to paper and pencil (odds ratio per 1-year increase in age: 0.91, 95% CI 0.85-0.98). Individuals who found the survey hard or very hard had a lower median neurocognitive test score than those who found it easy or very easy. Data quality with web-based survey administration was similar to or higher than that with paper-and-pencil administration for most questions.ConclusionsWeb-based survey administration was acceptable and feasible in this cohort of older adults living with HIV, and data quality was high. Web-based surveys can be a useful tool for valid data collection and can potentially improve retention in long-term follow-up studies.