VA Mycorrhizal Research Articles

INFLUENCE OF VESICULAR ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE, NK FERTILI-ZATION RATES AND FOLIAR APPLICATION OF MICRONUTRIENTS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF POTATOES

This work was carried out in two successive summer plantations of 2004 and 2005 on potatoes cv. Spunta at Abou Awad village , Aga, Dakahlia Governorate, to study the influence of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi , nitrogen and potassium fertilization at rates of 50, 75 and 100% of recommended rate / fed. with foliar spraying of micronutrients (Fe150 , Zn 75, and Mn 75 ppm) and their interactions on plant growth , yield and its components, as well as chemical composition .Application of the tested rates of nitrogen and the potassium induced significant increase in vegetative characteristics (plant height, foliage fresh and foliage dry weight) total tuber yield (t/fed) , number of tubers/plant and tuber weight/plant, tuber dry matter , starch and nitrate content in tuber, as well as N,P and K concentra-tions in the leaves and micronutrients in the leaves (Fe, Mn and Zn) in both seasons.Similarly, plant height, chlorophyll content, fo-liage fresh and dry weights , total yield (t/fed), number of tubers , tuber weight/ plant, tuber dry weight , starch and nitrate content in tuber, NPK concentration in leaves and tubers , micronutrient content (Fe, Zn and Mn) in leaves gave the highest values with inoculation by VA Mycorrhizal fungi and some micronutrients .The interaction between NK, VAM fungi and micronutrient gave the highest values of vege-tative growth characteristics, number of tu-bers/plant, NPK in leaves and tubers and micronu-trients (Zn and Mn) in leaves when potatoes was fertilized with 100% NK of the recommended rate and inoculate with VAM fungi plus foliar spraying by micronutrients (Fe, Zn and Mn).as well as total yield (t/fed), tuber weight/plant, tuber dry weight, starch content in tuber , Mn and Zn in leaves, while The lowest content of nitrate in tubers was found when plants were applied with 50 (%) NK of recommended rate with inoculation by VA My-corrhizal fungi.Generally, the best results were obtained when potato received 75 % of NK of the recommended rate, inoculated by VA Mycorrhizal fungi and sprayed with micronutrients at dose of Fe 150, Mn 75 and Zn 75 ppm. This treatment resulted in the highest total tuber yield and its components and reduced chemical fertilizer inputs.

Comparison of Three Green Manures for Growth and VA Mycorrhizal Colonization in Maize (Zea mays L.)

Comparison of Three Green Manures for Growth and VA Mycorrhizal Colonization in Maize (Zea mays L.)

Sewage Farming and VA Mycorrhiza III: Effect of Sewage Irrigation on Growth, Yield, Nodulation and VA Mycorrhizal Colonization in Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

Sewage Farming and VA Mycorrhiza III: Effect of Sewage Irrigation on Growth, Yield, Nodulation and VA Mycorrhizal Colonization in Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

EM and VAM Technology in Pakistan IX: Effect of EM Application on Growth, Yield, Nodulation and VA Mycorrhizal Colonization in Vigna radiata (L) Wiczek

EM and VAM Technology in Pakistan IX: Effect of EM Application on Growth, Yield, Nodulation and VA Mycorrhizal Colonization in Vigna radiata (L) Wiczek

EM and VAM Technology in Pakistan VI: Effect of EM (Effective Microorganisms) on VA Mycorrhizal Development and Subsequent Crop Growth and Yield in Sunflower

EM and VAM Technology in Pakistan VI: Effect of EM (Effective Microorganisms) on VA Mycorrhizal Development and Subsequent Crop Growth and Yield in Sunflower

Effects of biological, organic and chemical fertilizers on yield, hydration coefficient, cookability, and mineral composition of groundnut seeds

A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of Bradyrhizobium, VA Mycorrhizal inoculation, phosphorus, nitrogen and chicken manure on yield, 100-seed weight, cookability, hydration coefficient and mineral composition of groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea) seeds. The results showed that nitrogen, phosphorus and chicken manure treatments significantly ( P ≤ 0.001) increased yield, 100-seed weight, non-soakers, and hydration coefficient, in the absence of Bradyrhizobium and/or VA mycorrhizal inoculation. The results also showed that Bradyrhizobium and/or VA mycorrhizal inoculation significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) increased yield, 100-seed weight, cookability, hydration coefficient, P, Na, K, Cu and Mg contents. A positive correlation ( r = 0.87–0.94) was observed between the hydration coefficient and cookability. Na, K and Cu content of seeds were significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) increased with N, P and manure treatments, whereas, the Mg percentage increased by N and P treatments and decreased when 0.01 mton manure were applied. The results of this investigation indicate that Bradyrhizobium and mycorrhizal inoculation are promising biological fertilizers because they are cheap, easy to handle and improve groundnut growth, yield and seed quality.

Effect of Mycorrhizal Fungi and Phosphorus Stress on Gas Exchange, Growth, and Development of Capsicum annuum L. cv. San Luis (Chile Ancho pepper)

Seedlings of Capsicum annuum L. cv. San Luis were grown in pots containing a pasteurized mixture of sand and sandy loam soil inoculated or noninoculated with the V-A mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus Glomus intraradices Schenck et Smith. Long Ashton nutrient solution (LANS) was modified to supply P at 0, 11 or 44 μg·ml–1. Diurnal gas exchange measurements were taken 15, 30 and 50 days after the experiment was initiated. Plant growth, leaf elemental content, and mycorrhizal development were assessed 52 days after transplanting. Gas exchange and net photosynthesis were enhanced by mycorrhiza and full strength LANS fertilization (44 μg·ml–1). The symbiosis increased leaf nutrient content of P, K, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B, Mo, and Al. Mycorrhizal plants had higher shoot dry weights, leaf number, leaf area, and fruit primordia than nonmycorrhizal plants with P at 0 and 11 μg·ml–1. Root colonization (arbuscules, vesicles, and internal and extraradical hyphae development) were higher with P at 0 and 11 μg·ml–1. The quantity of spores recovered in soil was independent of P treatments.

Effects of N source on pH and nutrient exchange of extramatrical mycelium in a mycorrhizal Ri T-DNA transformed root system

The influence of different N sources on me- dium pH variation and the effect of the external myce- lium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on nutrient dy- namics were studied using a two-compartment, aseptic Petri plate system. VA mycorrhizal, transformed roots of carrot (Daucus carota L.) were cultured in the prox- imal compartment and external mycorrhizal mycelium in the distal compartment. The medium in the distal compartament contained N either as NO3 - or as NH4 c . The pH and the anion and cation concentrations were measured every 15 days in filtrates prepared from the distal compartments. Thirteen weeks after colonization, there was a significant basification or a light acidifica- tion of the NO3 - and NH4 c medium, respectively. There was no change in NO3 - concentration but a sig- nificant decrease in NH4 c concentration. Treatments containing N as NO3 - showed no variation in cations such as Ca 2c and Mg 2c or anions such as PO4 2- , and SO4 2- but showed significant increases in the concen- tration of K c . Treatments containing N as NH4 c showed no variation in cations or anions, except for in- creases in the concentrations of K c and Cl - .

Selection of Efficient VA Mycorrhizal Fungi for Papaya

ABSTRACT Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is an important tropical fruit tree. Thirteen different mycorrhizal fungi were screened for their symbiotic efficiency with papaya. Of the 13 fungi tested Glomus mosseae (ICRISAT) was found to be the best fungus for improving growth and nutrition of papaya resulting in a greater plant biomass, plant height, plant girth, leaf area, P and Zn content.

VA Mycorrhizal Infection in Relation to Edaphic Characteristics and Disturbance Regime in Three Lowland Plant Communities in the South-Western Cape, South Africa

Levels of infection in the roots of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) plants growing in three lowland evergreen shrublands of the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa, were studied and used to assess mycorrhizal activity in these natural ecosystems. Average infection was significantly different between vegetation types. VAM infection levels were lowest in strandveld which has high soil phosphorus contents, intermediate in fynbos (very low phosphorus levels) and highest in renosterveld plants where plant-available phosphorus levels are very low due to competition for the moderately high total phosphorus present in soil. Infection intensity was very variable amongst individual plants, suggesting that mycorrhizal inoculum is patchily distributed in the soil (...)

739 PB 061 MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AND PHOSPHOROUS ENHANCEMENT OF CHILE ANCHO PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L. cv. San Luis) GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

In a 3 × 3 factorial experiment, Chile Ancho pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. San Luis) plants were inoculated or not with VA - mycorrhizal (VAM) Glomus fasciculatum and a Glomus sps isolate from Mexico (ZAC-19). Long Ashton Nutrient solution (LANS) were modified to supply P at II, 22 or 44 μg/ml to containerized plants, grown in a greenhouse for 72 days. The container medium was a modified 77% sand, 13% silt, 9% clay soil collected from an agricultural production site in Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico. Both P and VAM enhanced plant growth and development. Increasing P enhanced leaf area, fruit, shoot and root dry weight and shoot/root ratio; the leaf area ratio (LAR) decreased. Greater VAM growth enhancement occurred at Il and 22, than 44 μg/ml P. Growth enhancement was greater with Glomus fasciculatum than the mixed Glomus sps isolate (ZAC - 19).

Plant species that can be linked by VA mycorrhizal fungi

SUMMARYPairs of plant species were grown in soil in transparent plastic containers, one grass with one dicotyledonous species. All the species are normally VA mycorrhizal. Hyphal links were observed between eight of the species‐pairs. However, in only three of these pairs was internal VA mycorrhizal infection clearly seen in both species. These involved a grass plus a legume, and grasses with the woody climber Hedera helix.

Spore Germination and Hyphal Growth of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Relation to Soil Aluminum Saturation

Several arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were evaluated for aluminum tolerance based on spore germination and hyphal growth in soils with 6%, 27%, and 100% aluminum saturation. There were interspecific as well as intraspecific variations in aluminum tolerance. Most species of Gigaspora showed high tolerance. Often, spore germination was not affected by aluminum saturation as in Gi. margarita (International Culture Collection of VA Mycorrhizal Fungi isolate GMRG 444) or was even increased as in Gi. albida (GABD 185). Similarly, hyphal growth of Gi. margarita (GMRG 444) and Gi. gigantea (GGGT 663) was not affected, while that of Gi. gigantea (GGGT 109) was increased by increasing aluminum saturation. Aluminum did not affect the spore germination of most Scutellospora species but did reduce their hyphal growth. Glomus species proved extremely sensitive to aluminum except Gl. manihot (LMNH 980) which showed consistently high germination in all the aluminum-saturated soils. Aluminum tolerance may be an important factor in the selection of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for acid mineral soils.

Spore germination and hyphal growth of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in relation to soil aluminum saturation

Several arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were evaluated for aluminum tolerance based on spore ger? mination and hyphal growth in soils with 6%, 27%, and 100% aluminum saturation. There were interspe? cific as well as intraspecific variations in aluminum tolerance. Most species of Gigaspora showed high tol? erance. Often, spore germination was not affected by aluminum saturation as in Gi. margarita (International Culture Collection of VA Mycorrhizal Fungi isolate GMRG 444) or was even increased as in Gi. albida (GABD 185). Similarly, hyphal growth of Gi. margarita (GMRG 444) and Gi. gigantea (GGGT 663) was not affected, while that of Gi. gigantea (GGGT 109) was increased by increasing aluminum saturation. Alumi? num did not affect the spore germination of most Scutellospora species but did reduce their hyphal growth. Glomus species proved extremely sensitive to alumi? num except GI. manihot (LMNH 980) which showed consistently high germination in all the aluminum-sat- urated soils. Aluminum tolerance may be an important factor in the selection of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for acid mineral soils.

ＶＡ菌根菌の農業への利用

ＶＡ菌根菌の農業への利用

VA Mycorrhizal Fungi and Their Application for Agriculture

VA Mycorrhizal Fungi and Their Application for Agriculture

VA Mycorrhizal Inoculation of Landscape Trees and Shrubs Growing under High Fertility Conditions2

Abstract This study investigated the effects of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) inoculation on the growth of landscape trees and shrubs under high-fertility nursery growing conditions. Four species of 1 year old trees, and rooted cuttings of nine species of shrubs, were inoculated with Glomus intraradices, or Glomus fasiculatum, or served as non-inoculated controls. The trees were transplanted to two high fertility, non-sterile field locations. Inoculation significantly increased the level of colonization in Acer platanoides, Sorbus aucuparia, Malus, and Fraxinus pennsylvanica, but did not enhance growth. The shrubs were containerized in a peat and bark medium with two levels of controlled release fertilizer. VAM inoculation significantly increased the level of colonization in Spiraea × bumalda, Syringa × chinensis, Prunus × cistena, and Cornus alba, while Weigela, Cotoneaster dammeri, and Potentilla parvifolia became well colonized without inoculation. Forsythia ovata and Viburnum opulus did not become significantly colonized. The growth of Syringa was stimulated by VAM inoculation during consecutive seasons, irrespective of fertilizer level. The growth of Prunus at the lower fertilizer level was significantly stimulated by inoculation even though control plants became highly colonized without VAM inoculation. Two years after inoculation, five species were transplanted to a second, non-sterile, field site to monitor the effect of inoculation on post transplant growth. G. intraradices significantly enhanced S. aucuparia caliper growth in the second year post-transplant.

The Spread of VA Mycorrhizal Fungal Hyphae in the Soil: Inoculum Types and External Hyphal Architecture

The Spread of VA Mycorrhizal Fungal Hyphae in the Soil: Inoculum Types and External Hyphal Architecture

Short term effects of phosphorus and VA-mycorrhizal fungi on nutrition, growth and development of Capsicum annuum L.

Seedlings of Capsicum annuum L. cultivar ‘Early Bountiful’ were grown in containers of river sand inoculated or not with the VA-mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus Glomus deserticola (Trappe, Bloss & Menge). Long Ashton Nutrient Solution (LANS) were modified to supply P at 11, 22 or 44 μg ml −1. After 42 days, plants were evaluated for growth, development and leaf elemental content. Short term effects occurred with P and VAM treatment. Increasing P fertility enhanced fruit number, leaf area, shoot, fruit and root dry weight, and decreased leaf area ratio (LAR). VAM increased leaf area of plants fertilized with full strength LANS (44 μg ml −1 P). VAM generally increased leaf tissue B, but decreased Mo. Tissue K and N in VAM plants was not decreased, as it was in non-mycorrhizal plants with increasing P fertility. Increasing P fertility generally decreased tissue Cu and Zn and increased P levels. Mycorrhizal colonization (% root length) and spores recovered per unit of soil were greater with plants fertilized with 11 than 44 μg ml −1 P levels.

The Symbiotic Efficiency of Pigeonpea to VA Mycorrhizal Inoculation in an Alfisol and a Vertisol

ABSTRACT Eleven vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi were screened for their symbiotic efficiency with a pigeonpea cultivar Hyd-3C. Of the 11 fungi, five were promising from a preliminary screening trial conducted earlier with fungi obtained from different parts of the world, and the other six were local isolates obtained from the rhizosphere of pigeonpea. A local isolate of Glomus leptotichum was found to be the best mycorrhizal fungus for inoculating pigeonpea in both soil types.