UV Spectroscopy Research Articles

Synthesis ADMET molecular docking, MD simulation and MM-PBSA investigations of a novel hetero-steroid with Anti-proliferative and Anti-inflammatory properties

Two novel steroidal derivatives 2 and 3were synthesized, one by aldol condensation and the other by further reaction of the adduct formed, with ethyl cyanoacetate. The synthesized compounds have been characterized using ¹H, ¹³C NMR, UV and FT-IR Spectroscopy. The in-silico identification of potential anticancer and anti-inflammatory activity with regard to the synthesized compounds was performed. ADMET analysis of the synthesized compounds were performed to check their pharmacokinetic behaviour as well as potential ability to act as major drug candidates. Docking and molecular dynamics simulations provided insights into synthesized compounds that binds in the active sites of all the proteins selected strongly indicating that both of them can act as versatile anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory drug while ADMET analysis showed compound 2 to be least toxic and depicts good absorption pattern which can further contribute as major bioactive compound with therapeutic potential.

Decrease in radiocesium adsorption of illite induced by soil organic matter: Quantity or quality?

Organic matter blocks highly selective frayed edge sites on clay minerals and reduces radiocaesium adsorption. The effects of different soil organic matter on Cs adsorption on illite have been investigated. The quantity and quality of soil organic matter was varied by extracting from three contrasting soils and varying extraction conditions. Extracted organic matter was quantified, and analysed using UV and fluorescent spectroscopy. Cs adsorption was markedly lower in soil aqueous extracts, than in simple electrolyte solution at the same ionic strength (IS). Part of the decrease was attributed to soluble soil potassium. After correction for ionic strength and potassium, the relative distribution coefficient of Cs, KdIS,K, decreased with increasing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration. The correlation between KdIS,K and DOC was largely unchanged by taking into account any of the measured spectral parameters. We find no evidence that molecular size and composition of organic coatings determine their effect on the Cs adsorption properties of illite.

Exploring environmental sustainability through dimension reduction algorithms: A cost-effective UV spectroscopic method for simultaneous determination of veterinary binary mixtures of doxycycline hydrochloride and tylosin tartrate

This study presents a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach for the simultaneous determination of a veterinary binary mixture comprising doxycycline hydrochloride (DOX) and tylosin tartrate (TYZ) utilizing UV spectroscopy alongside dimension reduction algorithms (DRAs). Seventeen DRAs were evaluated, and their performances were compared based on four metrics: mean squared error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE), median absolute error (MedAE), and coefficient of determination (R2). Based on the performance indices, Isomap algorithm demonstrated the highest predictive capacity among all DRAs. MSE, MAE, MedAE and R2 values of (0.38, 0.28, 0.19 and 0.999) and (0.08, 0.26, 0.22 and 0.998) were obtained for calibration and test datasets, respectively across a concentration range 4.67–30 μg mL−1 for DOX. MSE, MAE, MedAE and R2 values of (0.54, 0.34, 0.19 and 0.994) and (0.07, 0.19, 0.07 and 0.998) were obtained for calibration and test datasets, respectively across a concentration range 3.51–24 μg mL−1 for TYZ. The developed method underwent validation utilizing the accuracy profile approach. An ecological impact assessment was carried out employing six greenness evaluation tools: The Green Solvent Selection Tool (GSST), National Environmental Methods Index (NEMI), the Assessment of Green Profile (AGP), carbon footprint analysis, Analytical Greenness Calculator (AGREE), and Complementary Green Analytical Procedure Index (Complex GAPI). Additionally, we applied blueness and whiteness assessments using Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI) and Red-Green-Blue 12 (RGB 12) algorithms, respectively. The proposed method demonstrated higher GSST scores, a more "green" profile in NEMI, a superior AGP profile, and better environmental sustainability in Complex GAPI. The calculated carbon footprint value was 0.0002 kg CO2 equivalent per sample, The AGREE score was 0.87, BAGI was assessed at 72.5, and the whiteness assessment by the RGB12 algorithm was 89.6. Statistical comparison of the proposed method with a previously reported HPLC method for dosage form analysis revealed no significant differences at a 95% confidence level. This study highlights the novelty of combining UV spectroscopy with dimension reduction algorithms, offering significant advancements over traditional UV and chemometric methods for the analysis of these drugs. This approach not only enhances the efficiency and accuracy of determining active ingredients in pharmaceutical dosage forms but also contributes to environmental sustainability.

Are nano-colloids controlling rare earth elements mobility or is it the opposite? Insight from A4F-UV-QQQ-ICP-MS

Rare earth element (REE) mobility in the environment is expected to be controlled by colloids. Recent research has detailed the structure of iron-organic colloids (Fe-OM colloids), which include both large colloids and smaller nano-colloids. To assess how these nano-colloids affect REE mobility, their interactions with REE and calcium (Ca) were investigated at pH 4 and 6. Using Asymmetric Flow Field Flow Fractionation (A4F) combined with UV and Triple Quadrupole Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (QQQ-ICP-MS), Fe-OM nano-colloids were separated from bulk Fe-OM colloids and their REE and Ca content were analyzed. Without REE and Ca, nano-colloids had an average diameter of approximately 25 nm. Their structure is pH-dependent, with aggregation increasing as pH decreases. At high REE loadings (REE/Fe ≥ 0.05), REE induced a size increase of nano-colloids, regardless of pH. Heavy REE (HREE), with their high affinity for organic matter, formed strong complexes with Fe-OM colloids, resulting in large aggregates. In contrast, light REE (LREE), which bind less strongly to organic molecules, were associated with the smallest nano-colloids. Low REE loading did not cause noticeable fractionation. Calcium further enhanced the aggregation process at both pH levels by neutralizing the charges on nano-colloids. These findings indicate that REE can act as aggregating agent controlling their own mobility, and regulating colloid transfer.

Isolation, physico-chemical characteristics and acute toxicity determination of water-soluble polysaccharide from basidial raw material Ganoderma lucidum

As a result of the study, branched polysaccharides were isolated from the basidiomycete raw materials of Ganoderma lucidum. It has been established that the isolated fractions contain branched polysaccharides in the form of complexes with melanin. After purification of polysaccharides by ion-exchange chromatography, two fractions were obtained from basidial raw materials: neutral polysaccharides GW-1 with a yield of 25.71% and anionic polysaccharides GW-2, the yield of which was 5.26%, respectively. The physicochemical properties of the obtained samples were studied by IR and UV spectroscopy. The degree of purity of the obtained fractions of branched polysaccharides was established. Using gas chromatography, one-dimensional (13C NMR, 1H NMR) and two-dimensional (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, HMBC, NOESY) NMR spectroscopy, the composition and molecular structure of the obtained polysaccharide samples were determined. The results showed that the isolated and purified polysaccharides are branched glucans with 1,4,6- and 1,3,6-bonds between glucopyranose units. Pharmacotoxicological studies were carried out on white outbred mice and it was found that the resulting polysaccharides belong to class V, practically non-toxic compounds (LD50 ≥ 2000 mg/kg). Isolated polysaccharides (GW) are promising biologically active components, on the basis of which it is possible to create drugs with hepatoprotective and antitumor activity.

Thermogravimetric and petrocollecting and petrodispersing study of the surfactants synthesized from the reaction of N1-(2-Aminoethyl)ethane- 1,2-diamine with fatty acids having different carbon chain length

In this scientific-research work, surfactants were synthesized from three different fatty acids, dodecanoic, tetradecanoic and hexadecanoic acid, with the participation of N1-(2-Aminoethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine and many of their properties were comparatively analyzed. The structure and composition of the obtained compounds were identified by IR and UV spectroscopy. In addition, the thermal characteristics of the complexes and the mass changes during the processes caused by the influence of temperature were studied by TG, DTA analysis. The thermal properties were studied in the “STA 449 F3” Jupiter (Germany, “NETZSCH”) synchronous thermoanalyzer, in the thermoprogrammed dynamic mode in an inert (nitrogen) environment in the range of 20–600 oC, starting from room temperature and increasing the temperature at a rate of 10 oC/min. Finally, in order to investigate the use of surfactants in the removal of oil spills from a water basin, petrocollecting and petrodispersing properties were studied in three different water samples with different salinity and mineralization. From the moment surfactant is issued, observations are made, the surface area of the oil slick is measured at certain time intervals and the value of K is calculated. When the crude oil layer is dispersed, the water surface cleaning coefficient (Kd) is measured as a percentage at certain time intervals.

Synthesized Bis-Triphenyl Phosphonium-Based Nano Vesicles Have Potent and Selective Antibacterial Effects on Several Clinically Relevant Superbugs.

The increasing emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens due to antibiotic misuse translates into obstinate infections with high morbidity and high-cost hospitalizations. To oppose these MDR superbugs, new antimicrobial options are necessary. Although both quaternary ammonium salts (QASs) and phosphonium salts (QPSs) possess antimicrobial effects, QPSs have been studied to a lesser extent. Recently, we successfully reported the bacteriostatic and cytotoxic effects of a triphenyl phosphonium salt against MDR isolates of the Enterococcus and Staphylococcus genera. Here, aiming at finding new antibacterial devices possibly active toward a broader spectrum of clinically relevant bacteria responsible for severe human infections, we synthesized a water-soluble, sterically hindered quaternary phosphonium salt (BPPB). It encompasses two triphenyl phosphonium groups linked by a C12 alkyl chain, thus embodying the characteristics of molecules known as bola-amphiphiles. BPPB was characterized by ATR-FTIR, NMR, and UV spectroscopy, FIA-MS (ESI), elemental analysis, and potentiometric titrations. Optical and DLS analyses evidenced BPPB tendency to self-forming spherical vesicles of 45 nm (DLS) in dilute solution, tending to form larger aggregates in concentrate solution (DLS and optical microscope), having a positive zeta potential (+18 mV). The antibacterial effects of BPPB were, for the first time, assessed against fifty clinical isolates of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative species. Excellent antibacterial effects were observed for all strains tested, involving all the most concerning species included in ESKAPE bacteria. The lowest MICs were 0.250 µg/mL, while the highest ones (32 µg/mL) were observed for MDR Gram-negative metallo-β-lactamase-producing bacteria and/or species resistant also to colistin, carbapenems, cefiderocol, and therefore intractable with currently available antibiotics. Moreover, when administered to HepG2 human hepatic and Cos-7 monkey kidney cell lines, BPPB showed selectivity indices > 10 for all Gram-positive isolates and for clinically relevant Gram-negative superbugs such as those of E. coli species, thus being very promising for clinical development.

Innovative Formulation and Evaluation of Phytosomal Nanoparticles from Ixora Coccinea Linn and its Pharmacological Screening

The use of herbal extracts in pharmaceutical formulations has gained significant attention due to their therapeutic potential and minimum side effects and shows pharmacological profiles as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial. Thus, the intent of the current study was to develop a potential drug carrier system phytosomal nanoparticle using an extract of the plant “Ixora coccinea”. The extract of Ixora coccinea was prepared by using the maceration method and it is incorporated into Phytosome nanoparticles by using the solvent evaporation method. The impact of various process parameters and material attributes on the average particle size and drug entrapment efficacy. Extract loaded Phytosomal nanoparticles were characterized by particle size determination, Zeta potential, FTIR, and UV spectroscopy. The pharmacological screening consolidated antimicrobial activity was carried out by the well diffusion method, wherein it was performed against Gram Positive (B. Cerus, NCIM-2703) and Gram Negative (E. coli, NCIM 2832) bacteria strains. Which resulted in showing phytosomal nanoparticles show good activity than the extract. The anti-inflammatory activity was carried out by the protein denaturation method, which concluded that Ixora Coccinea phytosomal nanoparticles show better activity. Therefore, it results in moderate anti-inflammatory activity as compared to standard Diclofenac sodium. Keywords: Phytosome nanoparticles, Solvent evaporation method, Invitro anti-inflammatory activity.

Photophysical Response of Propranolol in Biomimetic Micellar Media of Alkyltrimethylammonium Bromide Surfactants: Effect of pH and Alkyl Chain Length.

The photophysical behavior of a β-blocker drug propranolol (PPL) in micellar environments, formed by alkyltrimethylammonium bromide surfactants viz.; Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), Tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB), and Dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), has been investigated through fluorescence and UV-visible spectroscopic techniques at pH levels of 3.5, 7.4, and 10.4. The impact of pH on the critical micelle concentration (cmc) and micropolarity of micelles were assessed using pyrene as a photophysical probe. The cmc values were found to be lower at pH 10.4 compared to pH 7.4 and pH 3.5. Fluorescence emission intensities of PPL at 323nm, 338nm, and 352nm were significantly influenced by pH, hydrophobic alkyl chain length of surfactants, and their concentrations. Quenching experiments with Cetylpyridinium chloride (CpCl) indicated the localization of charged and uncharged forms of PPL within micelles, with quenching constant (Ksv) values dependent on alkyl chain length and pH. At pH < pKa, PPL is positioned near the Stern layer, whereas at pH 10.4, its naphthalene moiety resides near the hydrophobic micellar core. UV spectroscopy showed that the charged form of PPL interacted with micelles only above cmc, while the neutral form interacted even below the cmc. Density Functional Theory (DFT) reveals the HOMO of the surfactants to be localized on the hydrocarbon chains, and the LUMO localized around the quaternary ammonium unit. Upon complexation with PPL, both HOMO and LUMO shifted to the drug, thereby decreasing energy levels. The findings are explained based on weak noncovalent interactions, further supported and analyzed through Reduced Density Gradient (RDG) and Noncovalent Interaction (NCI) methods, confirming synergistic non-covalent interactions in surfactant-PPL complexes.

A novel chemical probe based on the salamo-Co(II) complex for the highly selective fluorescence detection of tyrosine

A new and rare Salamo-Co(II) complex probe L-Co2+ was designed and synthesised. The structure of the [Co3(L)2(μ-OAc)2(MeOH)2]⋅2H2O complex was obtained by X-ray diffraction experiments. Three Co(II) atoms are in a line in the complex, and all Co(II) atoms form a 6-coordinated octahedral configuration. The probe L-Co2+ selectively recognises tyrosine in DMF/H2O (8:2, v/v). Upon addition of tyrosine, the fluorescence intensity of L-Co2+ was enhanced in a short time. The probe showed high selectivity and sensitivity for tyrosine, detection limit is 4.27 × 10−8 M. The recognition mechanism of probe L-Co2+ for Tyr was inferred by FT-IR spectra, UV spectroscopy, ESI mass spectra and DFT calculations. Finally, due to the simplicity and specificity of the identification process, the probe was also subjected to a test paper experiment and a milk assay.

Screening of sweet potatoes varieties, physicochemical and biological activity studies of glycoproteins of selected varieties

In order to meet the nutritional and health needs of different consumers, the main nutrients of eight new sweet potatoes (SPs) varieties were to characterize by principal component analysis. The watermelon red (WR) variety is proving to be the preferred SPs variety because of its high nutritional value and unique sensory features. Three homogeneous fractions SPFG-1, SPFG -2 and SPFG-3 with yield of 53.02% ± 3.20%, 10.50% ± 0.61% and 5.20% ± 0.35% were obtained from the WR by multifrequency ultrasonic extraction (MUE), isolated and purified with DEAE Sepharose CL-6B and Sephadex G-100 gel chromatography. Physiochemical and structural characteristics of three fractions were studied with chemical components analysis, HPLC, HPGPC, and β-elimination, UV, FT-IR and CD spectrum analysis. SPFG-1, SPFG-2 and SPFG-3 were all conjugates with O-glycosylation with the molecular weight of 30.42 ± 2.12, 391.15 ± 25.12 and 6.85 ± 0.78 kDa, including seven monosaccharides and 17 amino acids with quite different mole percentages, that they were predominantly α-helix, β-folding and irregularly curled with a relatively small β-turning content. Meanwhile, the three conjugates exhibited excellent antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities by radical scavenging, α-glycosidase and α-amylase inhibition assays. These findings are helpful to promote the breeding, cultivation and promotion of new SPs varieties with higher nutritional value, as well as the development and application of glycoproteins.

Atranorin is a novel potential candidate drug for treating myelodysplastic syndrome

This work is devoted to the study of biocompatibility, cyto- and genotoxicity, mechanism of action and prospects for the use of atranorin, which is an AKT kinase inhibitor, for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. Atranorin was isolated by preparative flash chromatography; identification was carried out by UV, IR, and NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. Biocompatibility studies included studies of haemocompatibility, genotoxicity, antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity against ECV340 and HEK293 cell lines. Computer modelling of the interaction of atranorin with AKT kinase was carried out using docking followed by molecular dynamics of the resulting complexes; the ADMET properties of atranorin were also calculated. Flow cytometry included analysis of the expression level of PD-L1 and TIM-3 in the presence of atranorin on THP-1, Mono-Mac-1 and KG-1 cell lines, as well as human bone marrow cells.

Experimental and theoretical investigations for novel 6-nitroquinoxaline-2,3‑dione derivatives: Synthesis, characterization, DFT calculations, ADME analysis, hirshfeld surface calculations, molecular docking studies, and antiproliferation evaluation

This work describes the synthesis of eight different 6-nitro-1,4-disubstituted-quinoxaline-2,3‑dione derivatives (4a-h). The starting material, 6-nitroquinoxaline-2,3‑dione 3 was prepared by reacting 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine 1 with oxalic acid 2 at reflux in hydrochloric acid. Compound 3 was alkylated with various alkyl halides under solid-liquid phase transfer catalysis (PTC) to give the dialkyl quinoxalines (4a-h). The structures of all compounds obtained were elucidated based on spectroscopic measurements: 1H, 13C NMR, MS and UV spectroscopy and confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies in the case of 4a, 4b, 4f, and 4h. The geometrical parameters and spectral data were also compared with those of a DFT geometry optimization and molecular orbital calculation at the B3LYP/6–311++G (d, p) level of theory. The closest contacts between the molecules of the four structures were investigated by analyzing their Hirshfeld surfaces and docking investigations in the protein EGFR (pdbid: 4HJO). Moreover, the experimental results are correlated to the calculated ones and showed great compatibility. Cell proliferation was used to measure the immunomodulatory activity of 4a-h compared to a control consisting only of normal cells cultured alone to determine their antiproliferative screening which concluded that the quinoxaline derivatives 4c, 4d, 4f and 4g showed immunomodulatory potential.

Traffic lights inspired colorimetric sensing platform for cadmium/lead ions: PO43- induced structural change of porphyrin metal-organic framework

Developing rapid and user-friendly visual techniques for distinguishing and identifying heavy metal ions is a critical pursuit in food and environmental analysis. In this work, a zirconium-based metal organic framework (MOF) known as PCN-222 has been synthesized, serving as a colorimetric nanoplatform for the differentiation and detection of Cd2+ and Pb2+ in the presence of PO43-. The remarkable characteristic of PCN-222 stems from its reaction with PO43-, where the robust bonding between PO43- and Zr nodes triggers the collapses of PCN-222, leading to the release of ligands (TCPP) with visible alteration in solution color to light red. When exposure to Cd2+ and Pb2+, shifts to green and yellow, respectively, are discernible. These changes can be ascribed to differences in the size, atomic configuration, and electronegativity of the two metal ions, which impact their interaction with TCPP. The innovative concept of a nanomaterial traffic light is introduced based on these color transitions. Accurate quantification of Cd2+ and Pb2+ can be efficiently accomplished both individually and concurrently using UV spectroscopy and a mobile phone APP, providing adaptability in method selection depending on on-site conditions. Moreover, the platform effectively tackles selectivity challenges associated with ligand-based detection methods, showcasing high sensitivity, distinct visual indications, and simplicity in instrumentation requirements.

Eco-friendly synthesis, characterization, and properties of copper oxide nanoparticles in cashew gum/polypyrrole blend for energy storage applications

Conducting biopolymer blend nanocomposites of cashew gum (CG) and polypyrrole (PPy), with varying concentrations of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were synthesized through an in-situ polymerization method using water as a sustainable solvent. The formation of blend nanocomposites was characterized using UV–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). UV spectroscopy revealed a significant reduction in absorption intensity with the addition of CuO, indicating enhanced optical properties. FT-IR and XRD analysis confirmed the successful incorporation of CuO into the CG/PPy blend. FE-SEM images revealed the uniform distribution of nanoparticles throughout the biopolymer blend, particularly in the 7 wt% sample. TGA and DSC results demonstrated a significant enhancement in thermal stability, increasing from 352 °C to 412 °C and a rise in the glass transition temperature from 89 °C to 106 °C in the blend nanocomposites. The dielectric constant, dielectric loss, impedance, Nyquist plot, electrical conductivity, and electric modulus were extensively examined at different temperatures and frequencies. The dielectric constant of the CG/PPy blend increased from 2720 to 92,950 with the addition of 7 wt% CuO, measured at 100 Hz. The improved glass transition temperature, thermal stability, and superior electrical properties imply potential usage of the developed nanocomposite in nanoelectronics and energy storage applications.

Literature Review on Analytical Method Development and Validation of Alfuzosin Hydrochloride

Alfuzosin hydrochloride, an alpha-adrenergic blocker, is extensively used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Robust and reliable analytical methods are indispensable for quantifying alfuzosin hydrochloride in various matrices, ensuring the quality, efficacy, and safety of the drug. Recent advancements in analytical method development and validation for alfuzosin hydrochloride encompass a spectrum of techniques, including UV spectrometry, RP-HPLC, HPTLC, UPLC, and voltammetry. Optimization of chromatographic conditions, such as mobile phase composition, column selection, and detection wavelength, is crucial for achieving optimal separation and quantification of the drug. Method validation parameters, including accuracy, precision, linearity, and robustness, are assessed in accordance with ICH guidelines. These analytical methods find application in the determination of alfuzosin hydrochloride in bulk drugs, pharmaceutical formulations, and biological matrices. Stability-indicating methods are developed to evaluate drug stability under various stress conditions. The current state of analytical method development and validation for alfuzosin hydrochloride facilitates the selection of suitable analytical techniques for routine quality control and research purposes

Influence of plasma synthesis parameters on the magnetic, structural and photocatalytic properties of copper ferrite

CuFe2O4 cubic copper ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized by a new plasma method, the advantage of which is the short duration of processing and cost-effectiveness. To select optimal synthesis conditions, central compositional rotatable experimental planning was used. Using the methods of X-ray phase analysis, vibration magnetometry, electron microscopy, and UV spectroscopy, the sizes of crystallites, the intensity of peaks in X-ray diffraction patterns, dislocation density, saturation magnetization, coercive force, and the degree of degradation of 4-nitrophenol were determined. To study the effect of pH on the composition of the resulting copper ferrites, cyclic voltammetry was used. The kinetics of the ferritization process under the influence of a plasma discharge has also been studied. A mechanism for ferritization in the Cu2+-Fe2+-SO42--OH- system has been proposed.It was found that single-phase nanodispersed powders of cubic copper ferrites with a saturation magnetization Ms 78–93 Emu/g can be obtained by plasma treatment at 300 s and pH 12. Copper ferrite with an admixture of Cu2O is formed at pH = 8.The maximum values of the coercive force correspond to regimes in which the minimum dislocation density is observed. The saturation magnetization depends on the crystallite size. The crystallite size of the resulting powders is in the range of 225–500 A. The results showed that the processing time is the parameter that has the greatest impact on the structural and magnetic characteristics of copper ferrite; the pH of the reaction medium affects them to a lesser extent.

Phytochemical and biological investigation of Astragalus Caprinus L

Backgroundcultivated and wild plants are used to treat different ailments. The Astragalus genus is found in temperate and dry climates; thus, it is found in Egypt and the arab world. Astragalus caprinus has a good amount of bioactive chemicals, which may help explain its therapeutic effects in reducing the risk of consequences from disease.MethodThe phytochemical investigation of the herb and roots of Astragalus caprinus L. included the analytical characterization for the petroleum ether components by GC/MS, unsaponifiable matter (unsap. fraction), and fatty acids (FAME) investigation by GLC analysis. Main flavonoids were chromatographically isolated from ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts. In vitro antimicrobial activity has been tested against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans for different plant extracts, the Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia, the fungus Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger, and the Escherichia coli bacterium. Metabolite cytotoxicity was examined using the MTT assay against HepG-2 (human liver carcinoma) and MCF-7 (breast carcinoma).ResultsIdentifying the important components of the herb and root petroleum ether extracts was achieved. Using column chromatography, luteolin, cosmosiin (apigenin-7-O-glucoside), and cynaroside (luteolin-7-O-glucoside) were separated and identified using UV, NMR, and Mass Spectroscopy. Root extracts displayed potential antimicrobial activity against most of the tested pathogens. Both extracts (herb and roots) were active against the MCF-7 cell line and HepG-2 cell line with IC50 62.5 ± 0.64 and 72.4 ± 2.3 µg/ml, and 75.9 ± 2.5 and 96.8 ± 4.2 µg/ml, respectively.ConclusionAstragalus caprinus seems to be a promising source of bioactive compounds that could potentially aid in preventing disease complications and address common health issues in developing countries. Moreover, the various parts of this plant could be utilized as natural raw materials for producing health-boosting products that could address common health issues in developing countries.

Identification of Delorazepam in Suspected Methaqualone Contraband:A Case Study

The present case study reports the analysis of seized narcotic drug received from investigation agency in Mumbai. The drug was suspected to be methaqualone which falls under NDPS act 1985. Analysis of the drug was carried out using HPTLC, GC-MS, UV and Raman spectroscopy techniques. These complimentary techniques revealed and confirmed the presence of delorazepam in the suspected sample while methaqualone was found to be absent. The case study highlights the importance of analytical techniques in identifying the narcotic drug in the seized sample.

High accuracy discriminant analysis of preparation from 22 commercial antibodies based on UV spectroscopy combined with chemometrics

The demand for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in hospitals is continually rising due to the advancement of targeted therapy or immunotherapy. Typically, mAbs are produced in centralized chemotherapy production units and require rigorous control to ensure the right drug at the right dose before administration to patients.This study aimed to develop a robust discriminant analysis method using a large dataset comprising 22 mAbs used in cancer therapy. The discriminant analysis was based on UV spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics. A dataset consisting of 404 samples was prepared and analyzed using various preprocessing methods, wavelength selection and discriminant analysis algorithms to maximize overall accuracy. Validation of the newly developed discriminant analysis was conducted using samples collected from real manufactured preparations for patient (over 1,380 samples). The study achieved an overall accuracy of 99.6% and 99.8% on the 22 mAbs using partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and k-nearest neighbors (kNN), respectively. The utilization of chemometrics for discriminating mAbs based on their UV spectra, following total area normalization, has been successfully demonstrated. This method has undergone validation, affirming its capability to swiftly and dependably distinguish different mAbs. Moreover, it effortlessly integrates within the workflow involved in the preparation of mAbs drugs within a cancer hospital setting. This advancement holds promise for streamlining processes and enhancing efficiency in the production and use of mAbs, thereby potentially benefiting patient care and treatment outcomes.