UV Lamp Research Articles

Nickel-catalyzed in situ synthesis of UHMWPE/TiO2 composites with enhanced mechanical properties and adjustable photocatalytic degradabilities

Expanding the application field of polyolefin materials through functionalization has been a research hotspot in the past three decades. Here, a TiO2-supported anilinenaphthoquinone nickel catalyst was assembled and applied for in situ ethylene polymerization with high activity (>2000 kg mol–1h−1) to produce ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)/TiO2 composites with unique physicochemical performance. The UHMWPE/TiO2 composite films and fibers prepared by in-situ ethylene polymerization are superior to the samples from the blend system in issues such as TiO2 dispersibility, mechanical property, and photocatalytic degradability. The mechanical properties (strength up to 26.8 cN/dtex, modulus up to 1248.8 cN/dtex) of the obtained UHMWPE/TiO2 composite fibers are significantly improved with a very low dosage of TiO2 (as low as 1.4 wt‰). Moreover, UHMWPE/TiO2 composites obtained by coating Al2O3 and SiO2 on the surface of TiO2 not only retain the strong absorption of ultraviolet rays, but also effectively weaken the photocatalytic degradation effect.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Optical Properties of Novel Heterocyclic Azo Dyes and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Activity as an Active Sunscreen Agent

AbstractWe synthesized some novel isoxazole azo derivatives using conventional methods and studied their linear, non‐linear optical properties and antioxidant activity. UV‐Vis spectroscopy revealed absorption bands ranging from 310–470 nm for the obtained compounds. Compounds 3 c and 3 b, for example, showed a large redshift and solvatochromic behavior. NLO analysis results show that compounds exhibit a greater NLO response than the magnitude of urea done by the DFT method. The electrochemical properties of compounds are studied using cyclic voltammetry and results are used for calculation of HOMO and LUMO experimentally. The antioxidant activity of the synthesized azo dyes displayed that 3 c has excellent antioxidant activity with the highest percentage (71.54605 %) of radical inhibition as compared to reference standard Vit‐C. Molecular docking analysis shows that compounds have a strong binding affinity in the range of −7.0 to −4.6 kcal/mol compared to Vit‐C, which has a binding affinity of −3.6 kcal/mol. The sun protection factor performance was determined by UV‐Vis spectroscopy, and results show that compounds are most effective, exhibit a remarkable SPF value, and offer superior sun protection by absorbing UV rays.

Air Pollution and the Prevalence of Keratoconus: Is There a Connection?

ABSTRACT Purpose Keratoconus is a progressive, asymmetrical corneal ectasia with multifactorial origin. Three identified risk factors for keratoconus include exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays, eye rubbing, and atopy. Other factors like pollution would play a role in the physiopathology of keratoconus. In this study we investigate the effects of particles matter (PM) of 2.5 and 10 μm, but also nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and the correlation with the prevalence in the scientific literature. Method A literature review was performed using four databases (PubMed, Research gate, Google scholar and International Journal of Keratoconus and Ectatic Corneal Diseases) according to strict selection criteria. Levels of fine particles and nitrogen dioxide were extracted from available World Health Organization (WHO) databases and correlated with prevalences from epidemiological studies. Results The mean pollution rate in the selected studies was 26.88 ± 25.26 μg/m3 for PM2.5 , 58.23 ± 60.98 μg/m3 for PM10 and 24.79 ± 12.58 μg/m3 for NO2. Pearson correlation tests revealed a significant positive correlation between prevalence of keratoconus with particles rate of PM2.5 (R = 0.58; p < 0.001), PM10 (R = 0.67; p < 0.001) and NO2 (R = 0.64; p = 0.00016). Conclusion Fine particles appear to be a risk factor for keratoconus. These pollutants may act indirectly by exacerbating known risk factors such as atopy and eye rubbing. Atmospheric pollution may also have a direct effect on the cornea, by disturbing the structure of the epithelium and increasing cell apoptosis.

Interlayer Adhesion of Coating System in Analogue and Digital Printing Technologies Formed on Lightweight Honeycomb Furniture Panels

This article concerns research into the influence of the energy dose distributed by UV lamps on selected parameters of varnish coatings formed during the varnishing process of lightweight cellular panels. The lightweight cellular board used in the study was made according to an innovative solution. The surface finishing of the boards was carried out using the roller method in combination with digital and analogue printing under industrial conditions. Contact angle measurements of the obtained varnish coatings were carried out, from which the surface free energy was calculated. In addition, interlayer adhesion was assessed by pull-off tests. Irrespective of the radiation dose, higher contact angle values (54.3–89.9°) were recorded for the last two applied layers (base coat 2 and base coat 3) than for the other coatings (39.6–64.1°). For all systems tested, the γsp component showed lower values (2.25–28.99 mJ/m2) than γsd (28.66–32.80 mJ/m2). The adhesion test results ranged from 0.5 to 0.9 MPa, although with varying types of delamination. Based on the test results, the most favourable variants from the furniture manufacturer’s point of view were selected that provided the desired level of adhesion, in which cohesive damage located within the substrate (A) predominated.

A cutting-edge atomization-based methodology for enhancing formulation ability to resist photoaging

BackgroundSkin photoaging mainly occurs in exposed skin irradiated by ultraviolet rays from the sunlight. When exposed to ultraviolet rays, the skin will undergo certain changes to avoid damage. The inflammatory factors produced by light stimulation will induce melanocytes to produce more melanin, leading to the skin shows a rough, dark, dry, loose, and leathery appearance. In particular, when the skin is exposed to external damage and then received the damage of sunlight, such as after an aesthetic medicine treatment, it is more likely to produce post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). However, there is a lack of a non-invasive and efficient solution. ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to verify a new skincare method to resist photoaging. The essence itself has a very good effect in resisting photodamage, when it through atomized to skin, it showcases a non-invasive but better-result approach to skin care. Materials and MethodsThis study assessed anti-photoaging effects through in vitro (antioxidant, UVB protection, ROS tests) and human trials. In vitro results indicate the essence's efficacy. A randomized trial with 60 women (20-45 years, sensitive skin) compared atomized essence vs. smear control. After 28 days, atomized essence improved skin hydration, gloss, reduced redness, TiVi, TEWL, and UV protection. A 7-day test with Moyal Luminous Serum and Atomizer showed this skincare combo effectively prevents photodamage. ResultsThrough in vitro and human experiments, we have verified that the self-developed essence itself has a very good effect of anti-photoaging. Through further comparison of human efficacy tests, we found that with the support of an atomizer, the anti-photoaging effect of the essence has been improved. ConclusionEssence through atomization to resists photoaging, improves skin moisture, gloss, UV protection and reduces redness. Its non-invasive delivery ensures efficacy and user-friendliness.

Subjective and objective assessment of color match of universal tinted sunscreens in Fitzpatrick skin phototypes I-VI.

Tinted sunscreens not only shield against UV rays but also provide protection against visible light, as opposed to traditional sunscreens. Universal tinted sunscreens are marketed to complement all skin tones. To assess color match and subject satisfaction for 7 universal tinted sunscreens across various price ranges in all Fitzpatrick skin phototypes (SPT). Products A-G were applied at concentrations of 1 and 2 mg/cm2 on the dorsal arms of 30 subjects spanning SPT I-VI. Photography, colorimetry, and subject and investigator surveys were utilized to determine color match. Using colorimetry analysis at the recommended 2 mg/cm2 concentration, two of seven products were identified as suitable matches for SPT I-II, while six out of seven were determined to be a good match for SPT III-IV. However, only one product was found to be a good match for SPT V-VI at the recommended concentration according to colorimetry results. Universal tinted sunscreens do not provide an adequate color match for all skin phototypes, especially for individuals with very fair or very dark skin tones.

Effects of Three Retrograde Filling Materials on Production of Inflammatory Cytokines and Resorbing Mediators

: Root-end filling materials are typically used following endodontic surgeries, and due to their different chemical compositions, they have varying effects on the survival and differentiation of tissues around the root apex. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of three retrograde filling materials—ProRoot MTA, Super ethoxy benzoic acid (EBA), and Geristore—on the production of pro-inflammatory and resorptive cytokines (RANK, RANK-L, OPG, IL-1β, and TNF-α). After mixing and setting, the experimental materials were exposed to UV rays and then applied to the prepared cells. This study used osteoblast (MG-63) and THP-1 monocyte cell lines, as well as peripheral blood monocytes (PBM). The evaluation times for RANK-L and OPG were 24 and 48 hours, while IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) were evaluated at 24 hours. The RANK levels were measured using flow cytometry, and monocyte survival was assessed at different times using the MTT assay. The results were analyzed using Minitab statistical software, which indicated that the type of material significantly affected cytokine production. Exposure of monocytes to EBA resulted in a decrease in TNF-α and IL-1β secretion compared to the other groups. However, in the THP-1 cell line, there was no significant difference in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines between the groups. Conversely, Geristore induced the highest level of RANK-L and the lowest level of OPG in cultures with the MG-63 cell line. According to the MTT assay, the viability order of the materials from early to late was Geristore &lt; EBA &lt; MTA.

Bright green cellulose-based fluorescent probe toward Au3+ smartphone technology recognition and its visualization application

In this study, a novel fluorescent probe, MAC-2, for the detection of Au3+ was designed and synthesised using cellulose as a carrier combined with benzothiazole derivatives. The structure of the probe was confirmed by SEM, XRD, FTIR, and 1H NMR, also the optical properties of the product were investigated. MAC-2 showed bright green fluorescence under a 365 nm UV lamp and exhibited significant quenching behaviour toward Au3+. MAC-2 utilises more sustainable biomass resources, featuring green and biodegradable characteristics that meet environmental requirements. Compared with most reported probes, it exhibits notable fluorescence properties. The limit of detection (LOD) is as low as 0.057 μM, and the response time is 1 min. It also demonstrates good specific recognition and anti-interference abilities. In addition, a smartphone was used as a portable signal processing device to achieve rapid detection of Au3+ concentration. Meanwhile, MAC-2 was successfully prepared as a fluorescent test strip, providing a potential application for the convenient detection of Au3+. The high sensitivity and selectivity exhibited by cellulose-based fluorescent probes in detecting Au3+ offer valuable insights and new ideas for the detection of other metal ions and biomolecules. These inspirations will help promote the continuous development of research and applications in related fields.

Oxidative State in Cutaneous Melanoma Progression: A Question of Balance.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly bioactive molecules involved not only in tissue physiology but also in the development of different human conditions, including premature aging, cardiovascular pathologies, neurological and neurodegenerative disorders, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. Among the different human tumors, cutaneous melanoma, the most aggressive and lethal form of skin cancer, is undoubtedly one of the most well-known "ROS-driven tumor", of which one of the main causes is represented by ultraviolet (UV) rays' exposure. Although the role of excessive ROS production in melanoma development in pro-tumorigenic cell fate is now well established, little is known about its contribution to the progression of the melanoma metastatic process. Increasing evidence suggests a dual role of ROS in melanoma progression: excessive ROS production may enhance cellular growth and promote therapeutic resistance, but at the same time, it can also have cytotoxic effects on cancer cells, inducing their apoptosis. In this context, the aim of the present work was to focus on the relationship between cell redox state and the signaling pathways directly involved in the metastatic processes. In addition, oxidative or antioxidant therapeutic strategies for metastatic melanoma were also reviewed and discussed.

Thiol-chromene click reaction-triggered mitochondria-targeted ratiometric fluorescent probe for intracellular biothiol imaging.

Chromene as the efficient biothiol recognition site was widely used to develop fluorescent probes based on thiol-chromene click reaction. However, chromene-based fluorescent probes with the both properties of ratiometric measurement and mitochondria-targeted function have not been reported and remain challenging. In this paper, we skillfully designed and synthesized the first mitochondria-targeted ratiometric fluorescent probe (Probe 1) for biothiols based on chromene. Upon addition of biothiols (Cys, Hcy, and GSH), the absorption and fluorescence spectra of Probe 1 changed from 490 to 426nm and from 567 to 498nm respectively, accompanied by color changes from orange to pale yellow under natural light and from orange to blue under a 365-nm UV lamp, which can be attributed to the click reaction of biothiols with α,β-unsaturated ketone of chromene moiety, subsequent pyran ring-opening, and phenol formation as well as 1,6-elimination of p-hydroxybenzyl moiety. Probe 1 not only exhibited high sensitivity (LODs of 149nM, 133nM, and 116nM for Cys, GSH, and Hcy respectively), rapid response, and excellent selectivity for biothiols (Cys, Hcy, and GSH), but also could target in mitochondria and ratiometrically image the fluctuation of intracellular biothiols. Moreover, the novel design strategy of modifying chromene to the N atom of pyridine was proposed for the first time.

Colourful 3-amino-1,8-naphthalimide alkyl-substituted fluorescent derivatives

The optical properties of four 3-amino-1,8-naphthalimide derivatives differing in the degree of substitution at the amino functionality were synthesised and studied by UV–visible absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy in 1:1 (v/v) methanol/water and methanol. The compounds were structurally characterized by NMR, IR and HRMS. The charge transfer absorbance band was observed to shift to longer wavelength with increasing ethyl substitution. The emission band was also observed to shift to longer wavelengths with a decrease in the emission intensity with increasing ethyl substitution due to the peri effect. Irradiation of dye methanol solutions and in the solid state with a 365 nm UV lamp reveals distinct emission colours for each compound. Significantly larger Stokes shifts are observed in methanol than in mixed aqueous methanol. Quantum chemical calculations at the B3LYP/TZVP level of theory provided insight into the optimized ground state geometry, frontier molecular orbitals levels and solute-solvent dynamics revealing a stronger hydrogen bond between the 3-amino-1,8-naphthalimides and methanol in the lowest S1 excited state. The dyes were tested as fluorescent stains in MCF-7 cancer cells and observed to emit green emission in various organelles.

A comprehensive evaluation of enhanced temperature influence on gas and aerosol chemistry in the lamp-enclosed oxidation flow reactor (OFR) system

Abstract. Oxidation flow reactors (OFRs) have been extensively utilized to examine the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). However, the UV lamps typically employed to initiate the photochemistry in OFRs can result in an elevated reactor temperature when their implications are not thoroughly evaluated. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation into the temperature distribution within an Aerodyne potential aerosol mass OFR (PAM-OFR) and then examined the subsequent effects on flow and chemistry due to lamp heating. A lamp-induced temperature increase was observed, which was a function of lamp-driving voltage, number of lamps, lamp types, OFR residence time, and positions within the PAM-OFR. Under typical PAM-OFR operational conditions (e.g., &lt; 5 d of equivalent atmospheric OH exposure under low-NOx conditions), the temperature increase typically ranged from 1–5 °C. Under extreme (but less frequently encountered) conditions, the heating could reach up to 15 °C. The influences of the increased temperature over ambient conditions on the flow distribution, gas, and condensed-phase chemistry within PAM-OFR were evaluated. Our findings indicate that the increase in temperature altered the flow field, resulting in a diminished tail on the residence time distribution and corresponding oxidant exposure due to faster recirculation. According to simulation results from a radical chemistry box model, the variation in absolute oxidant concentration within PAM-OFR due to temperature increase was minimal (&lt; 5 %). The temperature influences on seed organic aerosol (OA) and newly formed secondary OA were also investigated, suggesting that an increase in temperature can impact the yield, size, and oxidation levels of representative biogenic and anthropogenic SOA types. Recommendations for temperature-dependent SOA yield corrections and PAM-OFR operating protocols that mitigate lamp-induced temperature enhancement and fluctuations are presented. We recommend blowing air around the reactor's exterior with fans during PAM-OFR experiments to minimize the temperature increase within PAM-OFR. Temperature increases are substantially lower for OFRs utilizing less powerful lamps compared to the Aerodyne version.

A ratiometric fluorescent probe for the detection of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity and its application in garlic

A novel ratiometric fluorescent probe for the detection of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activity was developed. The recognition of GGT by this probe is achieved by its enzymatic hydrolysis of peptide bonds in the probe. Under optimized conditions, the probe exhibited obvious ratiometric fluorescence responsiveness after interaction with GGT, avoiding potential background interference. The linear concentration range was 0.0350–2 U / mL, with good selectivity and stability. Under a 365 nm UV lamp, as the concentration of GGT increased, the probe aqueous solution gradually changed from dark blue to light blue. In addition, the B/G value of the probe's solution and the GGT activity were linearly correlated. More significantly, the probe was able to effectively identify the GGT activity of garlic.

The Influence of Marketing Mix on Repurchase Intention for Azarine Sunscreen Product in Denpasar City

The beauty industry in Indonesia has experienced rapid development in recent years with significant growth in the cosmetics sector. One of the important products in skin care is sunscreen, which protects the skin from harmful ultraviolet rays. Azarine, a local Indonesian brand, has succeeded in establishing its position in the market. This research aims to analyze the influence of the marketing mix on repurchase intention for Azarine sunscreen products in Denpasar City. This research uses quantitative methods with a survey approach to users of Azarine sunscreen products in Denpasar City. Data was collected through questionnaires distributed to 140 respondents. Data analysis was carried out using the multiple linear regression method to test the influence of product quality, price suitability, distribution channels and promotional effectiveness on repurchase intention. The results of the research show that product quality on repurchase intention obtained a significance value of 0.000, which shows that product quality has a positive and significant effect on repurchase intention. Price suitability for repurchase intention obtained a significance value of 0.000, which means price suitability has a positive and significant effect on repurchase intention. The distribution channel on repurchase intention obtained a significance value of 0.009, which means that the distribution channel has a positive and significant effect on repurchase intention. The effectiveness of promotions on repurchase intention obtained a significance value of 0.000, which means that promotion effectiveness has a positive and significant effect on repurchase intention. The research results show that the variables of product quality, price suitability, distribution channels, and promotional effectiveness have a positive and significant influence on the intention to repurchase Azarine sunscreen products. It is hoped that these findings can contribute to Azarine's management in formulating more effective marketing strategies to increase customer loyalty. This research also provides empirical contributions to academic literature in the field of marketing.

Establishment of LAMP-CRISPR/Cas12a for rapid detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and one-pot detection

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a pathogenic serotype of Escherichia coli. Consumption of food contaminated with E. coli O157:H7 could cause a range of diseases. Therefore, it is of great importance to establish rapid and accurate detection methods for E. coli O157:H7 in food. In this study, based on LAMP and combined with the CRISPR/cas12a system, a sensitive and specific rapid detection method for E. coli O157:H7 was established, and One-Pot detection method was also constructed. The sensitivity of this method could stably reach 9.2 × 10° CFU/mL in pure culture, and the whole reaction can be completed within 1 h. In milk, E. coli O157:H7 with an initial contamination of 7.4 × 10° CFU/mL only needed to be cultured for 3 h to be detected. The test results can be judged by the fluorescence curve or by visual observation under a UV lamp, eliminating instrument limitations and One-Pot detection can effectively prevent the problem of false positives. In a word, the LAMP-CRISPR/cas12a system is a highly sensitive and convenient method for detecting E. coli O157:H7.

Excimer-ultraviolet-lamp-assisted selective etching of single-layer graphene and its application in edge-contact devices

Since the discovery of graphene and its remarkable properties, researchers have actively explored advanced graphene-patterning technologies. While the etching process is pivotal in shaping graphene channels, existing etching techniques have limitations such as low speed, high cost, residue contamination, and rough edges. Therefore, the development of facile and efficient etching methods is necessary. This study entailed the development of a novel technique for patterning graphene through dry etching, utilizing selective photochemical reactions precisely targeted at single-layer graphene (SLG) surfaces. This process is facilitated by an excimer ultraviolet lamp emitting light at a wavelength of 172 nm. The effectiveness of this technique in selectively removing SLG over large areas, leaving the few-layer graphene intact and clean, was confirmed by various spectroscopic analyses. Furthermore, we explored the application of this technique to device fabrication, revealing its potential to enhance the electrical properties of SLG-based devices. One-dimensional (1D) edge contacts fabricated using this method not only exhibited enhanced electrical transport characteristics compared to two-dimensional contact devices but also demonstrated enhanced efficiency in fabricating conventional 1D-contacted devices. This study addresses the demand for advanced technologies suitable for next-generation graphene devices, providing a promising and versatile graphene-patterning approach with broad applicability and high efficiency.

A ratiometric nanoplatform for fluorimetric and visual detection of Cu2+ and biothiols based on Eu MOFs and carbon dots

Herein, a ratiometric nanoplatform was established for fluorimetric and visual detection of Cu2+ and biothiols based on europium-based metal–organic frameworks (Eu MOFs) and carbon dots (CDs). Fluorescent Eu MOFs with red emission was facilely prepared via the coordination of Eu3+ with tetracycline (TC) and 2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl] ethanesulfonic acid (Hepes). However, with addition of Cu2+, the fluorescence of Eu MOFs significantly decreased due to higher affinity of Cu2+ with TC, whereas the green fluorescence of CDs was not influenced by Cu2+, which served as an internal standard of the sensing platform. Interestingly, after introducing biothiols, the stronger coordination between Cu2+ and the sulfydryl of biothiols induced the release of TC to coordinate with Eu3+, thus recovering the fluorescence of Eu MOFs. The ratio changes of these two emissions accompanying by the distinct color variations of the solution under a 365 nm ultraviolet lamp could be used as output signals for fluorimetric and visual detection of Cu2+ and biothiols. The nanoplatform exhibited excellent sensing performance with limit detection as low as 0.57 μM for Cu2+, 0.54 μM for glutathione, 0.14 μM for homocyeteine and 0.42 µM for cysteine, respectively. In addition, it was successfully applied to detecting Cu2+ in environment water samples and biothiols in human serum samples, suggesting great potential for Cu2+ and biothiols determination in environmental and biological samples.

An investigation into the use of incoherent UV light to augment IR nanosecond pulsed laser texturing of CFRP composites for improved adhesion

The preparation of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) surfaces for adhesive bonding has been widely reported. Such reports include laser texturing using both near-infrared (IR) lasers and ultraviolet (UV) lasers. In this report, we present, for the first time, findings showing that surface treatment of CFRP using incoherent UV light, at 254 nm wavelength, can increase the adhesive bonding strength of CFRP by 75 % compared to non-treated samples. It is also around 10 % stronger than NIR laser-textured samples. However, combination treatments, where the UV irradiation is conducted either before or after laser texturing did not give a significant benefit over the laser-textured samples. A germicidal 46 W 254 nm UV lamp was used for the UV light treatment, while an IR nanosecond pulsed fibre laser operating at 1064 nm was used for the laser texturing treatment. The material tested was an autoclave-cured T700 CFRP composite.The wettability of the treated CFRP surfaces and the adhesive bonding were quantitatively assessed. This study concludes that low-cost incoherent UV treatment effectively reduces the water contact angle of the CFRP surface and activates CFRP surfaces. All treatments led to bonding strengths at least 50% greater than for the untreated surfaces.The predominant failure mode for UV-treated samples was Cohesive Substrate Failure (CSF), indicating that the adhesion strength exceeded the interlaminar shear strength of the CFRP material. All samples treated with the laser (including combined treatment with UV) exhibited Light Fibre Tear Failure.

Antioxidant and Skin-Whitening Efficacy of a Novel Decapeptide (DP, KGYSSYICDK) Derived from Fish By-Products.

The skin is vulnerable to damage from ultraviolet rays and oxidative stress, which can lead to aging and pigmentation issues. This study investigates the antioxidant and whitening efficacy of a decapeptide (DP, KGYSSYICDK) derived from marine fish by-products and evaluates its potential as a new skin-whitening agent. DP demonstrated high antioxidant activity, showing comparable or superior performance to Vitamin C (Vit. C) in ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays. In hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-treated HaCaT cells, DP increased cell viability and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Furthermore, DP inhibited tyrosinase activity and decreased melanin production in α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced B16F10 melanoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed that DP reduces the mRNA expression of MITF, tyrosinase, and MC1R, thus suppressing melanin production. DP exhibits strong binding interactions with multiple amino acid residues of tyrosinase, indicating potent inhibitory effects on the enzyme. These results suggest that DP possesses significant antioxidant and whitening properties, highlighting its potential as a skin-whitening agent. Future research should focus on optimizing DP's structure and exploring structure-activity relationships.

SILP: Enhancing skin lesion classification with spatial interaction and local perception

Because of the harmful effects of ultraviolet rays and global environmental factors, the number of patients with skin lesions is increasing. If left untreated, skin lesions may lead to skin cancer. However, limited access to specialized medical care remains a challenge in certain regions. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an efficient, accurate, and accessible tool to identify suspicious lesions. Although there are many classification models for skin lesions, there is still room for improvement in terms of accuracy. To enhance the accuracy of skin lesion classification, a novel system named SILP is proposed in this study. There are two modules in SILP: the LPM and the SIM. Additionally, we have changed the activation function from GELU to SiLU to improve both training time and accuracy. SILP, along with several other models, has been tested on two public skin lesion datasets. The results demonstrate that our proposed system outperforms the state-of-the-art skin lesion classification model, not only in terms of accuracy but also in various other evaluation metrics.