Use Of Metaphors Research Articles

Navigating the climate change minefield: the influence of metaphor on climate doomism

Climate doomism is an increasing concern for climate change communication. In the United States, this opinion regarding anthropogenic climate change is now more prevalent than climate skepticism, and is the primary reason cited for opposition to climate action. Doomism is the belief that catastrophic warming of the planet is now inevitable, and that effective mitigation is impossible. The behaviors resulting from this view are comparable to the result of climate skepticism: doomism produces paralyzing eco-anxiety and subsequently inaction. Prior work has hypothesized that the rise in climate doomism and eco-anxiety is linked to climate change risk communication. This study investigates the possibility that the metaphoric language used to communicate the severity and urgency of climate change could inadvertently promote doomism. We employ a survey model to test the influence of metaphoric language on perception of urgency, feasibility, and individual agency in relation to the climate crisis. American English-speaking participants (N = 1,542) read a paragraph describing climate change either as a “cliff edge” or “minefield,” with human agency manipulated to be present or absent. Responses were considered to be doomist if they reported a high sense of urgency, paired with a low sense of feasibility and/or agency; this indicates they have a high awareness of the risks associated with the climate crisis, but a low belief that it will be addressed, and/or that their actions can produce meaningful change. Use of either metaphor improved perceived feasibility without a reduction in urgency, indicating that metaphor is an effective climate communication strategy for conveying risk without promoting doomism. However, metaphoric presentation is only effective when paired with human agency, suggesting that agency is a necessary component for successful metaphoric climate communication strategies.

Mind-enlightenment and observation: Analysis of ancient and modern weird pulse diagrams in " Guidelines for Disease Detection "

<p>脈診，是中醫重要的診斷方法。醫者手觸脈動引發主觀的判讀，因抽象體會難以言說，故歷來做了許多努力。早期以文字譬喻為主描述脈象，至宋代施發《察病指南》增見具象的脈象圖示。文章以七怪脈為主，比對古脈圖與現代脈儀圖，尋其特點與限制，或能為新世代的診斷尋找更合宜的時代範式。研究發現，古脈圖是傳統脈診心象運思的表徵，有輔助文字的重要作用。科技脈儀圖，則以心臟或血液動力學為基礎，如實記錄脈搏的波動訊號，從時域到高低頻譜以揭露生理病理的訊息。比較兩者，可各見特點與限制：古圖提供他人藉以揣摩，難以盡言的脈覺體會，其譬喻文圖的運用所載意義更為豐富固是優勢所在；然也因非邏輯性的傳訊而形成多樣的表達，這非客觀化的限制，正是當代醫家的修正努力與科診儀器強調的優處。另一方面，儀器診察雖有客觀、標準化的特點，但其測值是否能涵蓋生命的整體現象亦有質疑聲音。故兩者該並行析究：在傳統理論與現代儀器之間，嘗試建構一套能銜接古今的替代理論，或許能為新世代的脈診量測，提供一個較為周全的診斷依據。而中醫的脈圖分析能進入當代，參與W.J.T.Mitchell圖像轉向中，生物圖像研究的子題是無疑的。</p> <p> </p><p>This article mainly focuses on the seven weird pulses, compares ancient pulse diagrams and modern pulse diagrams, and seeks out their characteristics and limitations, hoping to find a more suitable paradigm for the diagnosis of the new generation. Research has found that ancient pulse diagrams are representations of mental images and thoughts in traditional pulse diagnosis, and play an important role in supporting text. The technological pulse chart is based on heart or hemodynamics and faithfully records pulse fluctuation signals from time domain to high and low frequency spectrum to reveal physiological and pathological information. Comparing the two, we can see the characteristics and limitations of each: the ancient pictures provide others with an indescribable pulse-sensing experience, and the use of metaphors and pictures contains richer meanings, which is an advantage; however, it is also illogical Forming diverse expressions through communication, this non-objectification limitation is exactly the advantage emphasized by the revision efforts of contemporary doctors and medical diagnostic equipment. On the other hand, although instrumental diagnosis has the characteristics of being objective and standardized, there are also doubts about whether its measured values can cover the overall phenomenon of life. Therefore, the two should be analyzed in parallel: between traditional theory and modern instruments, trying to construct an alternative theory that can connect ancient and modern times may provide a more comprehensive diagnostic basis for pulse diagnosis and measurement in the new generation. The pulse diagram analysis of TCM can enter the contemporary era and participate in W.J.T. Mitchell’s pictorial turn. There is no doubt that it is a sub-topic of biological image research.</p> <p> </p>

Metaphor and Theatre

This paper aims to analyze how metaphor operates in the theatrical realm. Metaphor viewed from a linguistic point of view has a certain impact on theatre and is a consequence of looking at theatre as language. But viewed from a pragmatic point of view, beyond the linguistic aspect, as a model of thinking, metaphor becomes a cognitive tool. Between these two perspectives lies a wide range of ways in which theatrical metaphor intervenes in the scenic creation. At the same time, seen as a metaphor of life, theatre assumes, through a series of successive metaphors, a creative freedom which, however, can become anarchic and end up in what is called dead metaphor. For this reason, metaphor, from the point of view of theatre creators, must be assumed insofar as it is a conceptual tool, which has the ability to penetrate the various levels of reality in order to achieve a meaning concomitant with a sense of the scenic action. This may be the real freedom that the use of metaphor offers in theatre: the ability to achieve a meaning concomitant with a sense of the scenic action in the absence of the chain of cause and effect. Only in this way can metaphor remain an element of vitality in a living theatre.

Fading into Death through Pātañjalayoga: On the Apparent Dead-like State of the Yoga Practitioner Absorbed into Contentless Samādhi

This article was inspired by a reading of Nāgeśa Bhaṭta’s commentary, Pātañjalayogasūtravṛtti (PYV), on Pātañjalayogaśāstra I.18. In explaining contentless absorption (asamprajñātasamādhi), Nāgeśa Bhaṭṭa depicts the yoga practitioner as being “like a cadaver” (mṛtavat). The article investigates the use of metaphors of death in the Pātañjalayoga commentarial literature and aims to make sense of them in the context of asamprajñātasamādhi. This literature indicates that the yoga practitioner becomes deeply absorbed in contentless samādhi through the practice of cessation (nirodha), namely the progressive shutting down of psycho-physical drives, up to the point of their total annihilation. Thus, one might say that the practitioner attains a quasi- death-like condition. Once the practitioner has reached this advanced phase of absorption, metaphors of death are used to depict his condition. This raises the question of how these metaphors relate to the practice of yoga. I argue that these expressions were intended to convey the stillness of the yoga practitioner's mind and body, once he or she has reached asamprajñātasamādhi, which makes the yoga adept fit either for liberation-in-life (jīvanmukti) or at the time of death (videhamukti).

Metaphorical translation strategies of the white paper "China's Green Development in the New Era"

In recent years, the use of metaphor in white papers has proliferated as it plays a significant role in cognitive processing. In order to shed light on the intricate relationship between humans and the natural environment, this study focuses on the analysis of metaphor usage in a particular white paper titled "China's Green Development in the New Era" within the field of ecopolitics. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, namely the utilization of a self-built corpus and case studies, is employed to categorize the translation strategies of metaphors. The findings of this study demonstrate that the metaphors utilized in the white paper effectively capture elements of social cognition and ideology. Moreover, with the assistance of part-of-speech tagging tools, it is observed that most translated metaphors strive to maintain the salient features of the source text, aiming to achieve equivalence in both form and meaning.

A critical discourse analysis of Jayland Walker's demise in digital journalism

This research investigates the shooting incident involving Jayland Walker, an African American citizen, on June 27, 2022, resulting from a traffic violation in Akron, United States, and its subsequent coverage across major online media outlets such as CNN News, NBC News, and The Washington Post. Utilizing qualitative methods and drawing on Van Dijk's (1985) Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) model, the study focuses on analysing the ideologies embedded in ten online news stories from June 2022 to August 2022. The findings highlight a discernible trend in the representation of Jayland Walker by CNN News and The Washington Post, where he is predominantly portrayed as a victim, with the police depicted negatively through strategic use of lexical elements and metaphors, underscoring the influence of media ownership ideologies in shaping news content. In contrast, NBC News maintains a more neutral stance, attributed to frequent changes in ownership. The research contributes theoretically to CDA, providing a conceptual framework for students engaged in critical discourse analysis studies, and offers insights into the complexities of media representation in incidents involving discrimination and police violence.

The Relationship between Metaphors of Addiction and Character Development in 19th Century British Novels

The 19th century marked an unprecedented period of prosperity in British literature, giving rise to numerous distinguished authors and works. During this era, the metaphor of addiction, as a unique narrative technique, established a close connection with character development. This metaphor not only deepened the portrayal of characters but also enriched the thematic content of the works, allowing readers to understand more profoundly the inner worlds and complex personalities of the characters. The use of addiction metaphors in 19th century British novels was not accidental; it reflected the societal attention to drug issues and the profound exploration of human nature. Through the symbolic element of addiction, authors could reveal the inner conflicts, struggles, and pursuits of their characters, thereby creating more dimensional and vivid character portrayals. Moreover, the development of character personalities also influenced the representation of addiction metaphors in novels. Different character personalities led to varied attitudes and responses to addiction, further enriching the connotation and expression of the addiction metaphor. Therefore, the relationship between addiction metaphors and character development is intertwined and mutually reinforcing.

RETRACTION NOTICE: Earthquakes and epidemics: the use of metaphors in the Spanish economic press

Retraction note: Ramos Ruiz, I. (2023). Earthquakes and epidemics: the use of metaphors in the Spanish economic press. TECHNO REVIEW. International Technology, Science and Society Review Revista Internacional De Tecnología, Ciencia Y Sociedad, 15(1), 2–10. https://doi.org/10.37467/revtechno.v14.4830 The Editorial Office of Eurasia Academic Publishing Group has retracted this article. An investigation carried out by our Research Integrity Department has found a group of articles, among which this one is found, that are not within the thematic scope of the journal. We believe that the editorial process was manipulated and, furthermore, acceptance decisions were made under possibly inappropriate peer review.

Unlikely Friends in Patriarchal Lands: An Ecofeminist Reading of Rajasthani Folktale “Sonal Bai”

"Sonal Bai" is a popular folktale about a girl told by women in Rajasthani-speaking areas of north India to initiate young girls into adulthood. This paper investigates the metaphorical representation of a girl’s coming of age through her relationship with a Sandalwood tree analysing, "Sonal Bai" as an ecofeminist text. The story renders voice to socially prohibited themes of menstruation and women’s sensual desire as embodied in silent friendship between a sandalwood tree and Sonal (girl with golden hair). The paper highlights how the outwardly simple tale of “Sonal Bai” is in fact an encoded lesson for teenage girls, inverted as a relationship between two highly treasured “belongings”/ “commodities”—sandalwood and a unmarried girl—in a patriarchal society economically dependent on agriculture. The sandalwood tree is highly valuable for farmers; different parts of the tree are used to produce furniture, oil, fragrance and food items. It is also a part of religious rituals where its essence is used as tilak on idols in Hindu traditions. Rajasthani Language is spoken prominently in the desert regions of India (Thar Desert) and the existence of such a tree in a desert is as precious and rare as a girl with golden hair. The paper draws reference from recurrent invocation of olfactory senses of the listeners captured by the images of the sandalwood tree in the story. It also explores use of growth metaphors using ‘rhizome’ like imagery of sandalwood branches reaching the sky which become an escape route for a teenage girl hiding from her family. The temporal and spatial indicators are infused together in the story of Sonal Bai leading to an unlikely friendship between two prized possessions that eventually breaks with the arrival of a patriarchal archetype: a handsome young prince. This study discusses the prevalent katha culture in India where women exercise freedom of voice through singing and narrating tales within all-female groups. This site of independent feminine interaction in a highly patriarchal society is investigated using Bakhtin’s “Chronotope” to highlight culturally encoded lessons in folktales meant for young girls in Indian society as a means of informal education.

Positions of metaphors in a literary text

In order to identify the parallels and contrasts between the two texts, this article compares the pragmatic use of English metaphor in literature. Moreover, it aims to incorporate the three most popular perspectives on metaphor, namely the pragmatic, semantic, and cognitive perspectives.

Exploiting metaphor in disagreement

Abstract The use of metaphors is a common strategy in argumentative discourse to resolve disagreements and create common ground. Nonetheless, metaphor use could also backfire. An opponent could, for example, hijack a metaphor to oppose the proponent’s standpoint. The current study focuses on this type of resistance, which we have dubbed ‘metaphor exploitation’. Such exploitation is of particular interest because proponents are pragmatically committed to the metaphor which is subsequently exploited to attack their ideas. This paper introduces a model to distinguish metaphor exploitation from other types of reusing metaphor (extension and recontextualisation) and contrasts it with the neighbouring phenomenon of metaphor reframing. Subsequently, the model is applied by analysing the strategic use of metaphor exploitation in a corpus of 196 replies on Twitter (now ‘X’) to a violence metaphor employed by former UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson (his so-called ‘mugger metaphor’). As such, this paper offers the tools for systematically analysing the reuse of metaphors in disagreement.

Aspect-based sentiment analysis with metaphorical information

Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA) has been the focus of increasing study in recent years. Previous research has demonstrated that incorporating syntactic information, such as dependency trees, can enhance ABSA performance. Despite the widespread use of metaphors in daily life to express emotions more vividly, few studies have integrated this literary device into ABSA. In this paper, we propose a novel ABSA model that utilizes Metaphor Identification Procedure (MIP) to encode both the sentence and aspect word as a single unit, thereby overcoming these limitations. Our experimental results demonstrate that our model achieves competitive performance in ABSA.

Możliwości wykorzystania metafor konwencjonalnych w nauczaniu słownictwa i frazeologii języków obcych na przykładzie języka polskiego jako obcego

The article discusses the use of conventional metaphors, proposed by G. Lakoff and M. Johnson, as a tool for teaching vocabulary and phraseology at advanced levels of language proficiency in the context of learning Polish as a foreign language. As this methodology is insufficiently represented in teaching materials, the article highlights the advantages of a systematic and long-term approach to teaching metaphors. Such advantages include deepening knowledge of vocabulary by a consideration of metaphorical meanings, understanding the role of metaphors in mental processes; providing insights into Polish culture and mentality as well as into the students’ own cultures, as expressed through their native languages; and stimulating students’ mediation skills. The article also provides examples of exercises to aid the discovery of different types of conventional metaphors and establish an understanding of their function. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of developing collections of exercises and projects – in both printed and interactive forms — to support language learners. Overall, the article promotes the use of conventional metaphors as an effective method for improving linguistic and communicative competence in foreign language learning.

Drew a map on your bedroom ceiling: fandoms, nostalgic girlhood and digital bedroom cultures in the Swiftie-sphere

ABSTRACT This paper explores the role of escapism in Taylor Swift’s music and her fandom, referred to as ‘Swiftie’ culture or ‘Swifties’. Swift has always been known for her personal lyrics set to catchy melodies, and in recent years, she has leaned further into leaving ‘Easter eggs’ for her fans to piece together through her lyrics, music videos and social media presence. Drawing upon Jenkins’ (2006) work on ‘prosuming’ and McRobbie and Garber’s (1975) ‘bedroom cultures’, I explore the storytelling in Swift’s craft, and argue that online engagement with her work enables a productive fandom built upon nostalgic escapism. This paper interrogates the role of the Swiftie fandom in cultivating digital bedroom cultures; utilising a feminist discourse analysis of Swiftie Reddit and YouTube, I suggest that Swift’s evolving view of girlhood, as well as her use of metaphor and colour, has built an alternative world of nostalgia that predominantly exists online. As such, fans are offered a community to escape into the mythology of Swift in a way that speaks to and celebrates ‘girlish’ emotions, cultivating digital spaces that emulate the ‘real life’ bedroom.

Unconventional Metaphor Use in the Writing of Chinese Learners of English

Metaphors are known to present both opportunities and challenges for second language learners, but relatively little is known about learners’ awareness of them. To investigate this, we analyzed 72 argumentative essays written in English by a group of 37 intermediate Chinese university students of English. We identified metaphors using an established identification procedure, and then used dictionary descriptions and corpus procedures to identify unconventional uses. Seeking to understand students’ thoughts about their uses of metaphor, we interviewed them within 2 days of the writing task. In this article, we explore the boundary between unconscious use of non-nativelike metaphors and deliberate choices. We argue that in many cases, our learners made conscious, careful language choices which they were able to articulate fluently and thoughtfully. Interview data show that sometimes they consciously decided to use a metaphor from their L1, fully aware that it was not a nativelike use in English, for one of various communicative functions. Our study extends thinking on deliberate metaphor, suggesting implications for its use in reframing research into second language metaphor use. Pedagogical implications are presented for developing learners’ metaphoric competence in L2 writing classrooms.

Metaphor of Shame in Chinese and Russian

The article presents a comparative analysis of metaphors reflecting the emotion of shame in Russian and Chinese. The methods of conceptual analysis, comparative analysis, metaphorical modeling and corpus research of metaphorical units are used on the material of the Chinese BCC and CCL buildings and the Russian NKRJ corps. The aim of the work is to study the emotional metaphors of shame in Russian and Chinese and to identify similarities and differences in the conceptualization of shame in the two linguistic cultures. The methodological basis of the research is the theory of cognitive metaphors by J. Lakoff. According to this theory, the metaphors of shame in Russian and Chinese were divided into five types: physical, natural, ontological, behavioral and sensory. As a result of the study, it turned out that in different cultures there are similarities in the use of metaphors to express shame, which may indicate a universal biological basis for this emotion. However, trends and differences in cognitive processes lead to significant differences between Russians and Chinese in how metaphors are used to express shame. The study of shame metaphors in Russian and Chinese is an important topic for comparative analysis of linguistic features, which contributes to a deeper understanding of cultural characteristics and emotional manifestations in various cultural contexts. As a result of the study, it turned out that in different cultures there are similarities in the use of metaphors to express shame, which may indicate a universal biological basis for this emotion. However, trends and differences in cognitive processes lead to significant differences between Russians and Chinese in how metaphors are used to express shame. The study of shame metaphors in Russian and Chinese is an important topic for comparative analysis of linguistic features, which contributes to a deeper understanding of cultural characteristics and emotional manifestations in various cultural contexts.

Research Front and Future Prospect: A Bibliometric Study of Metaphor Comprehension

Metaphor comprehension is an important component in the process of constructing metaphorical thinking. Therefore, the topic of “metaphor comprehension” should be a crucial part of metaphor studies. This study uses Bibliometrix to conduct a bibliometric study of research on metaphor comprehension from 2013 to 2023, focusing on the knowledge structure, the hot spots, and the research fronts. The co-citation analysis shows that the Contemporary Theory of Metaphor (CTM) in Cognitive Linguistics has provided the dominant knowledge foundation for the research of metaphor comprehension. A large number of hypotheses from CTM not only provide theoretical guidance for the current understanding of metaphor but also provide a reference for experimental paradigms. The coupling analysis shows that most of the influential studies in the time span have conducted empirical studies, demonstrating the explanatory power of empirical results and the interdisciplinary trend of metaphor in psychology and neuroscience. In the past decade, theoretical approaches to metaphor comprehension have been divided into linguistic and interdisciplinary categories, in which different experimental paradigms and conditions were used to reveal the comprehension mechanism. However, while providing insights for metaphor comprehension study through the existing research results, the bibliometric analysis reflects that researchers should fully consider the gap between metaphor in use and metaphor in experiments. This may be mediated through the progress of metaphor comprehension models in different contexts. This study suggests that future research on metaphor comprehension should enrich their theoretical models, properly use or combine research methods and designs, and look into different types of research objects.

Beauty with an Explanation and the Poetics of Acculturation: How, and Why, Michael Ondaatje’s Poetic Novels Work

Abstract Michael Ondaatje’s first three novels, those which cemented his international fiction career, each use a pattern in which metaphors which begin as isolated comparisons of A to B are also sequentially repackaged into the lesser known (but equally substitutive) trope of metonymy. In sequence, this metonymic use of metaphor fuses the self-evident comparison of metaphor with the more acculturated substitution of metonymy – a substitution taught within a culture, not self-evident like a metaphor – ultimately enacting a poetics of acculturation. Loading a novel’s metaphorical terms with sequential meaning was crucial to an Ondaatje who was not only transitioning from poet to novelist, but doing so in an aesthetic fusion of the postmodern and the postcolonial also found in other late-twentieth-century postcolonial novels.

COGNITIVE STYLISTICS ISSUES

Cognitive stylistics stands out for its unique methodology, in which linguistic analyses in a systemic context are based on theories that link linguistic choices to cognitive structures and processes. Cognitive stylistics is a subsection of linguistics that studies the relationship between language and cognitive processes such as perception, comprehension, remembering and thinking. It aims to identify how cognitive mechanisms influence linguistic phenomena such as text structure, choice of linguistic devices, use of metaphors, metonymy and other linguistic techniques.

Persepsi Guru terhadap Model Pembelajaran Sinektik untuk Mengembangkan Keterampilan Menulis Bahasa Asing

The synectic learning model can enhance students' creativity, especially in writing skills, involving the use of analogies, metaphors, and creative thinking techniques such as brainstorming. Researchers tried to examine teachers' perceptions of synectic learning for writing skills in foreign languages through open interviews. The interview results and discussions will be presented in this article.