Use Of Videotape Research Articles

S45-01 Psychotherapy training. How can skills be assessed?

Aims:Psychotherapy training is a sensitive treatment based upon the confidence between therapist and patient. And a specific focus on ethical conduct is needed because of the dependencey relation which to a certain degree is a therapeutic tool.Different types of psychjotherapy requires different assement and evaluation techniques. from listenng to auditapes, the use of video tapes, and supervion based on process notes.The advantages and draw back of different techniqes will be discussed and the recommendations from UEMS on psychotheraoy training will be included in the presentation

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A question of precision

1 d erised by individuality, movement specificity and fficiency. Imbalances between training and cometitive games are emerging1 but definitive methds remain uncertain. The scientific contribution to est practice in sport requires dedicated research nd persuasive results. Advances in the technologies available for oneld sports performance analyses have increased xponentially in recent years. The use of motion nalysis technology to assess sports performance erves several purposes. Essentially, results from n-field training or game performances can proide biofeedback to participants, assist conditionng coaches to quantify and monitor individual volmes of physical loading and advance the knowldge of sports-specific physiological demands. But he underlying assumptions of validity in available echnology invite challenge from a sports specific erspective. yses. Precision of manufacturers’ claims have been confirmed for speed using cyclists in linear but not circular pathways,2 but evidence of instrument specificity for team sports is lacking in the literature. Performance can also be analysed using game-specific software either in real time or through the retrospective use of video tapes. In this issue of the journal, the relative validity of a GPS device and a separate tracking performance software system is compared for precision in distance against a well calibrated measurement of distance. It is the first peer-reviewed paper to present comparative results of these two measures commonly used in game analysis for team sports such as Australian football, rugby and soccer. The results show similar but acceptable errors in the two tracking devices for precision in measuring distances. However the precision differs from the The precision of motion analysis devices tareting sporting organisations is commercially mareted. A plethora of systems are available with commercially-marketed claims. This is not to suggest that manufactures’ claims are invalid. Rather, precision from these devices may be sport specific i m s f s

The Cancode interaction analysis system in the oncological setting: reliability and validity of video and audio tape coding

Cancode is a computerized interaction analysis system developed for cancer consultations. This paper assesses its reliability and validity, and compares the use of audio versus video tape; by assessing 30 consultations between an actor and 10 oncologists. Weighted Kappa inter- and intra-rater scores ranged from 0.5 to 1.0 and 0.58–1.0, respectively, and use of video tape did not alter verbal coding. Factor analysis of verbal codes revealed two factors, ‘verbal control’ and ‘verbal support’. Verbal and non-verbal doctor behavior differed by patient type (‘verbal support’ P=0.007, ‘verbal control’ P=0.004, ‘Responsiveness’ P=0.000, and ‘Immediacy’ P=0.000). Inter-doctor variation was noted for ‘verbal support’ ( P=0.000) and ‘Relaxation’ ( P=0.000). ‘Responsiveness’ was negatively correlated with ‘verbal support’ (−0.58) and ‘verbal control’ (−0.65). Cancode is reliable, valid and sensitive to doctors behavioral changes. For a more passive patient, the doctor may switch from a ‘cure’ to ‘care’ oriented consult, responding to psycho-social instead of informational needs.

Can transverse plane rotations be estimated from video tape gait analysis?

The use of video tape in gait analysis is widespread and is frequently used when more sophisticated 3-dimensional analysis systems are not available or cannot be used. Its major shortcoming however is that it does not readily yield information about rotations in the transverse plane which may be amongst the most diagnostically significant features of pathological gait. This paper describes an inexpensive device which may be used, in conjunction with video taping, to aid visual estimation of transverse plane rotations, and quantifies the accuracy with which this was done by experienced observers. Copyright 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.

The role of videotaped feedback in the instruction of public speaking: A quantitative synthesis of published empirical research

This article summarizes published experimental studies dealing with the use of video taping to provide feedback to students in public speaking courses. Meta‐analytic procedures were used to summarize twelve published studies. Results of the analysis indicate that the use of videotaping to provide feedback to students in public speaking courses results in better content of student speeches, greater acquisition of public speaking skills, better performance on objective tests, and more positive attitudes toward the course in public speaking. In addition to these positive effects, no statistically significant increase in anxiety is experienced by students when video technology is utilized in the classroom to provide feedback to students in public speaking courses.

Can transverse plane rotations be estimated from video tape gait analysis?

The use of video tape in gait analysis is widespread and is frequently used when more sophisticated 3-dimensional analysis systems are not available or cannot be used. Its major shortcoming however is that it does not readily yield information about rotations in the transverse plane which may be amongst the most diagnostically significant features of pathological gait. This paper describes an inexpensive device which may be used, in conjunction with video taping, to aid visual estimation of transverse plane rotations, and quantifies the accuracy with which this was done by experienced observers. Copyright 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.

Using Video to Communicate with Parents

Video tape is shown to be a convenient, low-cost, low-tech means to communicating with parents and to modeling skills and strategies for parents to use at home with their children who are enrolled in programs for the deaf and hard of hearing. Video tapes can help to make a child's education accessible to the rest of the family. In this article, applications for video tapes to be used to instruct and communicate with parents of deaf and hard of hearing students are presented. Positive outcomes from the use of video tapes in preschool and elementary classrooms in rural southeastern Louisiana and in an all-Hispanic high school program in Texas are reported.

Forensic Analysis Of A Grain Elevator Collapse

The Paper Will Discuss The Analysis Of A Grain Elevator Collapse In Which The Causes For Failure Of The Structure Were Determined Based Upon Inspection Data, Manufacturers Drawings And Specifications, Photographs, Witness Statements, And A Video-Taped Record Made By An Eye-Witness To The Incident. The Paper Was Prompted By The Presentation By Mr. Lew Zickel At The Nafe January, 1996 Meeting. The Title Of His Paper Was: Effective Use Of Video Taping In Forensic Investigations. Many Of His Suggestions, Such As Use Of A Tripod, A Low-Lux Camera, And Adequate Lighting; Having Prepared Notes For Commentary; And If Possible, Use Of A Professional Videographer, Were Not An Option. Nevertheless, The Video Tape Yielded Results Which Helped To Establish The Cause Of The Grain Elevator Collapse, And To Confirm The Analytical Results Arrived At By The Forensic Engineer.

Identifying Local Deformation Phenomena During Woven Fabric Uniaxial Tensile Loading

Experimental methods are presented for observing local fabric deformation during uniaxial tensile loading of a woven fabric. These experiments include the traditional ravel strip test as well as the use of video taping, encapsulation, and photographing fabrics varying in weave texture, yarn type (ring and rotor spun), and yarn size. Through these techniques, changes in yarn curvature and cross-sectional area ( shape ) are monitored along with the global stress-strain response of the fabric. Fabric response depends on both fabric structure and constituent yarn properties. By choosing fabrics in which single parameters, such as picks per inch, vary systematically, trends in fabric behavior can be tracked.

TRAINING OF SUPPORT STAFF AND FAMILY MEMBERS IN THE CARE OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS AND HEARING AIDS IN THE GERIATRIC POPULATION THROUGH THE MEDIUM OF VIDEO TAPE

The authors suggest a model for training of family members and support personnel meeting the needs of those elderly persons previously diagnosed with speech, language, or hearing disorders. This approach for training involves the use of video tape at three levels: direct training‐treatment of the patient; training of support staff within care facilities; and training of family members. The use of video tape as described in the discussion permits repetition as needed for both patient and providers.

The use of video tape in teaching how psychological factors influence nutritional status in chronic/terminal illness

The medical students of Louisiana State University Medical School in New Orleans are required to take a clinical nutrition course in their senior year. In 1989, audio-visual media were used to introduce the students to the ways that the psychological aspects of chronic/terminal illness can influence nutritional status. In order to illustrate this topic, a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was interviewed by a psychiatrist, internist, and a dietitian over several weeks. The interviews were videotaped and the videotape was edited to 25 minutes to address specific areas including psychiatric symptomatology, coping with illness, attitude towards treatment, diet and nutritional status, and results of the anthropometric and clinical exams. During the nutrition course, the videotape was presented to the students with subsequent discussion facilitated by the psychiatrist. The students agreed the subject was favorably presented and had increased their understanding of psychological factors in physical illness. The pre- and post-film examinations suggested the students were already aware of many of the psychological issues of chronic/terminal illness. The videotaped interview of a real person diagnosed with a chronic/terminal illness was found to be useful in introducing a difficult subject within a limited course schedule.

Are Media Needs Being Met for the Beginning Teacher?

Dual surveys were conducted in the Spring of 1989 to aid in answering the title question. Elementary school teachers in Kansas were surveyed to learn of the use they make of media in the classroom. The Kansas teacher education institutions were surveyed at the same time to learn of the media instruction provided for the pre-service teacher. A comparison of the two sets of data suggested the content of the instructional media component of the undergraduate degree in education matches the use the practicing teacher makes of the various media formats. What is taught about instructional media in the teacher education program is what is used by the classroom teacher is essentially a correct assessment. The only modifications necessary to align the media curriculum to better meet the needs of the beginning teacher seem to be 1) to enhance the instruction regarding the use of video-tape and maps as instructional media and 2) to discontinue instruction regarding the use of 35 mm slides because only 13.2 percent of the teachers use them even though the teachers that do judge them to be an effective instructional medium. The use of video tape and computers by the classroom teacher is rapidly increasing. Their use is being restrained only by the volume of equipment available to the teacher.

Defaecating video proctography.

Defaecating video proctography is a method of examining the physiology and function of the rectum and pelvic floor muscles during attempted defaecation. This paper describes a quantitive method of assessing rectal emptying and the approach to defining the ano-rectal angle. In particular, the effect of the surgical procedure of ano-rectal myectomy for patients with chronic constipation associated with outlet obstruction on the ano-rectal angle are described, employing the use of video tape and a microcomputer.

An experimental hypnotic approach to teaching the psychoanalytic theory of the neuroses: a brief communication.

Abstract A procedure for training clinical graduate students in the psychoanalytic theory of the neuroses is presented. The procedure makes use of video tapes of experiments in which hypnotically implanted unconscious conflicts were used to drive a wide variety of psychopathology in the laboratory. In the procedure, the graduate students were asked to predict and rate Ss' psychopathology with foreknowledge of certain personality traits of Ss as well as foreknowledge of the nature of the conflicts. The training appeared to be an effective means of teaching them psychoanalytic theory, as well as helpful in enhancing their assessment skills.

Communicating with a global aphasic

The author describes a functional approach to communication used very successfully with one global aphasic and the circumstances that led to that approach. Through the use of video tape of the subject during an occupational therapy session, the author identified the subject's spontaneous nonverbal behaviors that served as cues for the therapist and their ensuing interactions. The interactions observed on the video tape and a followup study led the author to conclude that much of what the global aphasic is trying to communicate may be ignored or overlooked because the message being sent is alien to our expectations.

Controller Evaluation of a Touch Input Air Traffic Data System: An II "Indelicate" Experiment

An evaluation of a system for data transfer and display for airport air traffic control (ATC) by practicing controllers is described. The system is computer based, handling the data normally used in airport ATC at Heathrow. The system displays the controller's data on a single screen. Data transfer and modification are enabled via a touch-sensitive surface on the display. Sinaiko's term "indelicate experiment" is used since the evaluation fell into middle ground of system design, between "expert knowledge" and "controlled and lengthy experimentation." The major objective was to judge the opinions and attitudes of controllers. The study used a simulation of normal operations. Fifteen controllers-five groups of three-participated in 5-h-long exercises over 3 days. The main source of information was a questionnaire completed after the exercises. There was also a limited use of video tape. The results and implications of the study are discussed.

The use of video tape in the training of speech therapy students--the development of an observation schedule.

This project, funded by the Scottish Education Department, was conducted at the School of Speech Therapy, Queen Margaret College, Edinburgh. The project aimed to explore the possibility of developing an observation schedule to be used firstly by therapists supervising speech therapy students and secondly by speech therapy students themselves in watching video-replay of their clinical work.

Problems in Recording Arthroscopy

Several good combinations of photographic equipment are available today for recording arthroscopies. Some of them are so simple to use that everyone can obtain good still pictures through the arthroscope. It is usually preferable to enlarge the arthroscopic pictures in order to get better slides for presentations during lectures and at scientific meetings. Movie film and video tape offer a more dynamic recording but are both fairly expensive. The use of video tape can cause problems during presentations to larger audiences. Video tape, however, can be transferred to 16 mm. movie film, which is the international standard in the teaching world. Color TV has three different standards in different parts of the world and there are at least four different video casette systems available today.

An individualized laboratory system

This paper describes an individualized laboratory system used in an introductory physics course for science and engineering students. The system makes extensive use of video tapes, primarily for prelab instructions. The design and operation of the system are described, and the observations of both the instructor and the students are presented.