Use Of Traffic Lights Research Articles

‘Horn Please’: The evolution and regulation of traffic in twentieth-century India

The article explores the changes in behaviours and norms that followed the arrival of modern transport: trams, motor cars, buses and motor lorries. The article examines how new forms of behaviours such as the regulation of speed of motor cars, use of traffic lights, or newer methods of using streets such as walking on footpaths impacted the interaction between the authorities and people living within cities. The article shows that ideas of modern behaviour, centred on maintaining discipline and order on the streets were endorsed by the government but were contested and reluctantly adapted by the people. It also highlights the existence of social biases in administrative decisions connected to street use. This is evident in the analysis of accidents when the Indian driver and his lack of physical strength is equated with his incapability to drive a tram. This essentialisation takes place at both ends. Such debates occurred on the lines of race and class. For instance, the industrial workforce which migrated from rural areas had to learn new skills to navigate different spaces in the city. Apart from the factory, their activities on the streets were also scrutinised, such as when their inability to understand traffic rules was attributed to their rural background. Thus, in certain cases, transport mobility is incompatible with social mobility.

Analysis and Development of A Self-Dimming Module for Road Traffic Signals

Nowadays, we often see more and more of the various types of lights in urban areas, especially in road areas, either regarding the use of traffic lights or streetlights that serve as guides and signals to maintain road safety. Typically, the lamps use LED-based lamps as they can increase the rate of high savings. This LED conceptual light helps reduce energy wastage by using less power and reducing the consumption of heat and is suitable for day-to-day operation. The addition of ordinary LEDs to self-dimming systems based on the intensity of light around is more likely to increase the savings rate and is more environment-friendly. The scope of this research includes analytics data from the use of standard traffic lights and LED signal lights that are self-concept in dimmer systems. This research uses the IoT concept that is applied to the traffic system and uses solar energy which is indeed renewable natural energy and can affect the green earth concept to the traffic control system on the road.

ПРАВО- И ЛЕВОСТОРОННЕЕ ДВИЖЕНИЕ НА ЖЕЛЕЗНЫХ ДОРОГАХ МИРА: ИСТОРИЯ И БУДУЩЕЕ

Starting with historical references on traffic direction choice and how railway transport has become the reason for the predomination of righthand traffic on transport other kinds, the authors dwelled on the examples of traffic directions on automotive and partially air and sea transport and then went to forecasting the future in the definition of motion directions on railway transport, technical limitations of the systems with floor traffic lights and approached to the analysis of signalless systems of traffic control with fixed block-plots and then with mobile ones. It was shown that modern solutions for high-speed lines should exclude fixed signals. The main domestic and foreign examples for the design and exploitation of such systems at the world railways and subways as well as advantages and disadvantages in terms of traffic capacity and safety were demonstrated. The comparison of domestic and foreign systems of interval regulation of train traffic was made in the article final part. The fundamental similarity of Russia signalless automatic blocking system “ALSO” with all-European system ETCS L2, preserving block-plot fixed lengths but excluding the use of checkpoint traffic lights, was demonstrated. In addition, the common principles for “ABTC-M” system, used on Russia railways, and ETCS L3 system with mobile block-plots, which rules out the use of traffic lights as well as the devices for track section vacancy control, are indicated. Both systems exclude fixed signals and fixed block sections. Then the example of the systems at railways and subways with mobile block-plots was demonstrated – the systems work on the difference in braking distances of trains, running in the same direction. These systems ensure the shortest headway thanks to data on speed and braking curve of a leading train. But such systems have a lot of limitations in terms of railway operation and safety.

EFEKTIVITAS KEBIJAKAN PENGGUNAAN LAMPU LALU LINTAS DALAM MENGATASI KEMACETAN DI KOTA CIMAHI

The number of vehicles continues to increase in line with economic growth, while on the other hand the growth of traffic infrastructure is not as high as the growth in the number of vehicles and community mobility. The existence of traffic lights that do not work is one of the causes of congestion at several Cimahi intersection points, it is very unfortunate when public facilities do not function optimally and are used by certain people who want to take advantage. The author in this study used a qualitative approach with a case study method. This qualitative approach was chosen by the researcher because by using a qualitative approach with the case study method, the researcher could describe in more depth the study of the effectiveness of the traffic light policy that actually happened in the field. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of the use of traffic lights that did not work at several points in Cimahi City. The results of this study indicate that the policy regarding the use of traffic lights in Cimahi City is quite appropriate considering the use of traffic lights is vital for the regularity of traffic flow in Cimahi City, but unfortunately there are several points where traffic lights do not function to make traffic flow. uncontrollable and experiencing traffic jams because there is no budget to repair the dead traffic lights.
 Keywords: Effectiveness, Traffic, Community Mobility

Spatial data acquisition for traffic lights intersections as a basis for GIS development in Timisoara, Romania

The continuous development and the rapid economic growth of Timisoara municipality (western Romania) have contributed to the increase in transport needs. The number of motor vehicles registered by natural persons (125195), and the number of motor vehicles registered by legal entities (35303), results in one motor vehicle per two persons. To these figures are added the commuters, students and tourists who come by car to the city. Thus, the main cause of road traffic is the increasing number of vehicles, day by day. In order to maximize road capacity and speed up the pedestrians’ flow, traffic lights are used at approximately every intersection. As such, the proper use of traffic signals can lead to more efficient traffic management. Due to the evolution in time, technology comes to aid precisely to solve such problems and especially to streamline road traffic issues. Thus, the article presents the workflow that includes identifying the elements of a traffic light intersection, measuring, and processing them, in order to realize a layout plan that can be introduced into a GIS system to manage traffic lights in an intelligent manner. Using GIS (Geographical Information System) technology, the problem of road traffic can be solved appropriately and efficiently. Based on the main characteristics of urban traffic and the efficient, appropriate use of traffic lights, approaching, and treating the information according to the area, its spatial and geographical location through coordinates, GIS technology can be used to solve problems given by the zonal agglomeration of heavy traffic centres, or areas with peak hours. The fluidization of the traffic can ensure better circulation and aeration of the crowded areas and the avoidance of the congestion of some central arteries, especially during rush hours.

Overview of Road Traffic Management Solutions based on IoT and AI

In recent decades the number of vehicles on the world’s roads has continued to increase. However, road capacity does not develop at the same rate, which generates a considerably increased congestion rate. To minimize this difficult problem, the researchers opted for intelligent and efficient use of existing infrastructure through adaptive traffic management. The various recent proposed approaches have been based on new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), and Big Data. In this paper a global vision on various road traffic management solutions proposed in the literature is introduced, a classification and an evaluation of these road traffic management solutions are proposed. In particular, we start by presenting routing mechanisms, then solutions that are based on the use of traffic lights, then approaches that aim to manage network traffic. We discuss these solutions thereafter. Finally, we present new directions for future research on urban road traffic management.

Multi-Agent System for Intelligent Urban Traffic Management Using Wireless Sensor Networks Data.

Intelligent traffic management is an important issue for smart cities. City councils try to implement the newest techniques and performant technologies in order to avoid traffic congestion, to optimize the use of traffic lights, to efficiently use car parking, etc. To find the best solution to this problem, Birmingham City Council decided to allow open-source predictive traffic forecasting by making the real-time datasets available. This paper proposes a multi-agent system (MAS) approach for intelligent urban traffic management in Birmingham using forecasting and classification techniques. The designed agents have the following tasks: forecast the occupancy rates for traffic flow, road junctions and car parking; classify the faults; control and monitor the entire process. The experimental results show that k-nearest neighbor forecasts with high accuracy rates for the traffic data and decision trees build the most accurate model for classifying the faults for their detection and repair in the shortest possible time. The whole learning process is coordinated by a monitoring agent in order to automate Birmingham city’s traffic management.

Melhoria no fluxo de veículos e segurança de pedestres: estudo com usuários na viabilização de semáforos próximos à rotatória

O tráfego é um conjunto de variáveis complexas como fluxo de veículos e o comportamento dos motoristas, o qual uma variável depende da outra e ambas dependem do cenário envolvido. O objetivo do estudo é analisar a implantação de semáforos próximos à uma rotatória localizada na cidade de Campina Grande-PB, a fim de aperfeiçoar o fluxo e a segurança dos motoristas e pedestres que ali circundam. Fez-se um estudo através de um questionário com motoristas e pedestres que utilizam a rotatória diariamente avaliando o uso de semáforos próximos a rotatória como solução para melhoria do fluxo no dispositivo, assim como a segurança dos pedestres que fazem travessias na sua proximidade. Os resultados do questionário intensificam a necessidade que a população tem em aumentar a segurança e eficácia da rotatória em horários de pico, local de passagem de estudantes, trabalhadores, professores da UFCG, professores da UEPB, moradores de cidades circunvizinhas que viajam diariamente para trabalhar em Campina Grande, entre outros. Portanto, é aconselhada a implantação de um semáforo parcial que opere normalmente em determinados períodos do dia e permaneça com todos os grupos focais piscando em forma de alerta nos demais horários, regularizando as passagens dos veículos de forma mais segura. O semáforo seria ativado logo cedo pela manhã, em horário de almoço e no fim da tarde, que são horários de pico, de movimentação da população para suas casas e locais de alimentação.

INVESTIGATION OF AVERAGE DELAYS OF ROAD USERS AT SIGNALIZED PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS

Problem. The adoption of informed decisions on the providing pedestrian crossings with traffic lights with push buttons is an urgent problem, which is mainly caused by the lack of sufficient substantiation of the boundary conditions for their use. First of all, this concerns stand-alone pedestrian crossings on the streets and roads, since most of the scientific work in this field is devoted to the study of the interaction of traffic and pedestrian flows at intersections. The current regulatory documents in our country describe the requirements for the introduction of traffic lights, but they do not contain any conditions for the introduction of push buttons at regulated pedestrian crossings. Existing models for pedestrian and vehicle delays are characterized by errors and significant simplifications in the formulas. Therefore, the problem of determining the boundary conditions for the use of traffic lights at stand-alone pedestrian crossings remains open. Goal. The aim of the work is to create analytical formulas for the delay time of pedestrians and vehicles when overcoming places of intersection of traffic and pedestrian flowsat stand-alone regulated pedestrian crossings, depending on the flow intensity. Methodology. To determine the delays of road users overcoming the regulated stand-alone pedestrian crossing with push button the analytical methods of research were used. It was taken as a basis that the movement of vehicles and pedestrians on streets and roads outside the influence zone of intersections can be considered as the simplest flow. Results. The obtained analytical dependences allow us to calculate the total time spent by pedestrians and vehicles for overcoming the intersection of traffic and pedestrian flows, depending on their intensity. The formed models are the basis for creating a general dependence of the total time expenditure of all participants of the movement. Originality. For the first time, a comprehensive analytical approach to determining roads users’ delays when they overcome regulated stand-alone pedestrian crossings with push button is fully built. It is based on correct assumptions for the selected object of study and allows an objective estimation of the time delays by road users. Practical value. The dependencies obtained in the work are aimed at improving the normative documents of Ukraine concerning the usage of regulated pedestrian crossings with push buttons on the streets and roads.

Pengaturan Lampu Lalu Lintas di Persimpangan Jalan Ahmad Yani Giant dengan Aplikasi Pewarnaan Teori Graf

Traffic jam is problems faced by many cities in Indonesia. The density of highways has caused the congestion. One solution is to use a traffic light. The existence of traffic lights help to curb road users, but in many cases, the use of traffic lights is less than optimal. It is about the determination of flow which should be red or green and how long it takes for each stream. To overcome these problems, the coloring application used graph approach is as a point of scheduling problem resolution. The algorithm used is Welch-Powell. The case of a traffic light that occurs from several points in the city of Surabaya, one of which, is at the crossroads of Jalan Ahmad Yani Giant. Secondary data is from the Transportation Department of Surabaya including the results of the analysis of two-way road speeds using the Moving Car Observation of 2014, the average speed of vehicles in the city of Surabaya in 2010-2014, and the volume of vehicles on Jalan Ahmad Yani Surabaya. Congestion in Surabaya is caused by the increasing number or volume of vehicles in each year that is not balanced with the capacity of the road. Public awareness for the use of public transportation is also lacking. This is because the public transportation in the city of Surabaya has not fully met the standards and many are not fit for use so that people prefer to use private transport. Congestion is also caused by the lack of regulation of traffic police at the point of congestion during rush hour. From the above discussion, the result shows that the use of coloring application Graph Theory with Welch-Powell algorithm has improved the effectiveness of traffic lights which is seen from the total duration of the green and red light.

Visual modes of governmentality: Traffic lights in a housing association

This study focuses on the use of traffic lights by a Registered Social Landlord (RSL) as a visual representation of self conduct that reflects a way of thinking, acting and constituting a ‘well governed, well managed and viable’ housing association. We show that the visible representation of traffic lights introduced by the regulator as indicators of performance has been used widely by the RSL to reflect two self-imposed principles of continuous improvement and self assessment. In this context the different accounts of governmentality within the RSLs board reports are studied and some significant insights suggested.

Reasoning about recurrence

This dissertation examines the issue of representing knowledge about recurring states and events, and develops mechanisms for reasoning about recurrence. A first-order axiomatization is developed based on the interval calculus that allows entities (events, properties, processes, etc.) to be associated, incidentally or repeatedly, with temporal intervals. We describe the implementation of a self-organizing interval database manager and inference engine, as well as a system which intergrates the interval reasoner with a general purpose theorem prover and provides a restricted version of the recurrence logic. The recurrence formalism is applied to the domain of planning in a world with traffic control lights. An extensive example is developed, showing how the use of recurrence can enable a planner to determine that a plan to travel from a source to a destination is feasible, even if an intervening traffic light is red at the time it is encountered. In order to develop this example, a novel application of the interval logic to the spatial domain is presented, which allows us to reason about trajectories and their traversal over time. The combination of paths and temporal intervals, together with the recurrence axioms and actions such as traverse, allow us to prove several theorems about the use of traffic lights, and to show how an agent can validate plans to get past them.