Use Of Telecommunication Networks Research Articles

Criminal Business of Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Property: Features and Counteraction in Modern Conditions

The author analyzes the criminal business of illicit trafficking of cultural property in Russia, describes its features, determinants and counteraction to it in modern conditions. The analysis was conducted on the basis of statistical data of different governmental organizations that monitor the condition of counteracting the criminal business in this sphere, as well as the expert assessments of leading Russian companies and specialists who study the situation with illicit trade in cultural property. As this criminal business is of transnational character, foreign sources, both statistical and analytical, were used for a comparative analysis. In addition to the analysis of criminal business, which is immediately connected with the trade in cultural property, the author also assessed the situation in the related criminal market of art forgeries. As a results, the author concludes that illicit trade in cultural property both in Russia and in the world is, on average, about 10 % of the legal trade. Statistical indicators determining the ranges of registered crimes that regulate criminal liability for activities in this sphere demonstrate a decrease in the number of thefts of objects of cultural value, and, simultaneously, an increase in illegal search and appropriation of archeological artifacts from their resting places. At the same time, trafficking of cultural property is decreasing, and only isolated cases of such crimes are registered. The analysis of the features of stolen objects showed that their Russian and global structures differ: while numismatic property and other small objects are the dominant type of goods in the world, Russian trafficking is dominated by icons (60 %). The market of forgeries of cultural property is growing, it is closely connected with the legal market of original cultural property and the market of corrupt service. The key factors determining the development of this segment of criminal market are the following: an increasing demand for objects of cultural value; the appearance of special places for their storage (freeports) with an offshore status; transnational character of criminal activities; use of telecommunication networks for finding and trading goods without identifying the participants of such trade. Counteraction is quite effective due to its well-developed mechanism of legal regulation, as well as the formation of international databases of stolen objects of cultural value, which hinders their legalization, and the use of these data for the creation of digital clones of such objects with the involvement of artificial intelligence in their identification.

Social media use and protection of children’s rights

Similar to traditional media, such as television and radio, new social media are becoming more influential and attractive every day. The goal of the present study was to expand the scope of previous reviews on child protection issues to focus on primary and secondary school students, ages when research indicates that children begin to use mobile phones and social media. The actual issue of legal regulation of the Kazakhstan Internet space raises in the article. The author examines the issues of combining the methods of legal regulation and self-regulation on the Internet. In particular, we are talking about the fact that the threat from the Internet for children is growing every day. Prospects of soft law in the international regulation of the Internet, in countries such as the United States, Great Britain and Russia are assessed from different points of view. Especially the author draws attention to such topics as cyberbullying, hate speech, pornography and encroachment on the honor and dignity of citizens. This can be considered as the main results of the researches.       The relevance of this topic is expressed in the fact that, the Internet is still not sufficiently regulated from the legal point of view. The constant increase in the number of subscribers and the growing importance of information exchange through the network attract the public's attention to the problems of regulation, the development of rules for the fair, legitimate functioning of the Internet by the state.       The author uses methods of collecting statistical data and necessary facts, their analysis, ranking, comparison, as well as infographic methods.      The main problems of legal regulation are related to the order and conditions of the use of telecommunications networks and protection of the rights and legitimate interests of various entities during the transfer of information in global computer networks. There is a need to develop an adequate national legislation with all modern requirements.      At present, the information legislation of Kazakhstan and other neighboring countries are very extensive. However, it is still far from perfect and requires working out and adoption of new acts. This is the value of this study.   Keywords: Internet, social media, legal regulation, children's rights, blocking of information, access to information, security.

Analysis of the criminal legislation of France, England and Spain about responsibility for lecherous actions

The purpose of this article is to analyse the existing legal regulation of acts that are part of the crime under Art. 135 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, in the criminal legislation of foreign countries. This analysis is aimed at improving Russian legislation in terms of counteracting the commission of these crimes. The author outlines the problem of qualifying lecherous actions both in Russian and foreign legislation. The category of “lecherous acts” in the understanding of Russian legislation and its correlation with similar acts in foreign countries has been investigated. The legislative and practical experience of England, Spain and France in this area is analysed, the advantages and disadvantages of the legal regulation of lecherous actions are highlighted. Positive experience is presented as proposals for optimising Russian legislation providing for liability for lecherous acts, it is proposed to give a legal assessment of the acts provided for Art. 135 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, committed with the use of telecommunication networks by persons who are legal representatives of minors, as well as persons whose job responsibilities include providing care, upbringing and rendering educational services, since the commission of a crime under Art. 135 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in these conditions is a greater public danger.

Информативный признак определения категории передаваемых данных в высокоскоростных сетях передачи информации.

Difficulties arise with the recognition of the traffic category in the conditions of widespread use in telecommunication networks of many different non-standardized data transmission protocols. The article discusses the features of data transmission for the category of real-time data and data not critical to delays. As an informative feature for recognizing a data category, it is proposed to use an estimate of the bit rate of a single subscriber. The paper presents the results of an experiment to estimate the bit rate of a single subscriber of the assessment, substantiate the distribution laws of estimates, and determine the threshold value of a feature for recognizing a traffic category.

Trainings for consulting using telecommunication networks

The hybrid training format and the development of consulting with the use of telecommunication networks determine the relevance of training in this area. Training in a hybrid format allows you to assess the technical and non-technical skills of students and significantly expand the possibilities of the educational process, involving in the training of persons who are on distance learning. At the same time, it is possible to analyze systemic inconsistencies and to correct educational measures to eliminate them. The format of the implemented trainings allows students, working in a team, to improve the skills of analytical thinking, decision-making and communication when conducting diagnostic and treatment activities at various levels.

METHODS OF FORMING THE LEGAL COMPETENCE OF FUTURE DOCTORS IN THE PROCESS OF TEACHING MEDICAL LAW

Based on the analysis of scientific sources, the definition of the concept of “legal competence of future physicians in medical law”as an integral formation of personality, which is manifested in its ability and willingness to extrapolate acquired legal knowledge and skills to solve practical professional problems of legal nature. significant personal qualities such as responsibility, sociability, empathy, tolerance. Realization of the purpose and tasks of a technique of formation of legal competence of future doctors in medical law was carried out in stages. There are three main stages: wholemotivational, procedural-activity, control-evaluation. In accordance with each stage, we have determined the purpose, content, forms, methods, means of forming the legal competence of future doctors in the process of teaching medical law. At the goal-motivational stage, future doctors formed ideas about their own level of development of legal knowledge and skills, motivated them to realize the importance of legal competence in medical law for their future professional activity. The tools for the implementation of the goalmotivational stage are defined: the creation of personal portfolios, interactive lectures, webinars, workshops, meetings with leading doctors, lawyers, the method of projects, etc.). At the procedural and activity stage, the following goals were realized: development of legal skills in future doctors; ability to apply the results of legal activities in specific practical situations. The main tools of implementation were: problem lectures, lectures-press conferences, lectures-discussions, lectures with previously planned mistakes, seminars, workshops, webinars, legal case analysis, case method, project method, use of telecommunication networks, webquests, role-playing, situational games, etc. The control and evaluation stage led to the use of effective forms and methods of analysis and evaluation of the levels of legal competence of future doctors in medical law and was implemented in the course of lectures with previously planned mistakes, seminars, webinars, legal case analysis, project method, consultations, research students, performing exercises of legal content, situational games, etc.

Estimate of the Internet banking user security

The paper deals with security threats in the popular Internet banking service, the spread of which is becoming more common. Threats to the Internet banking users related to the use of telecommunication networks and means of communication are summarized and analyzed. Four main vulnerabilities have been identified: phone theft, social engineering methods, interception of data transmitted or stored on a mobile device, theft of SIM card data. Methods for numerically assessing the vulnerability of an Internet banking user due to these threats have been proposed. They are based on expert assessment method. The obtained numerical estimates will make it possible to use the existing methods for calculating risk. It is shown that currently the greatest threat is posed by methods of social engineering. A set of measures is proposed for users to counter the considered threats and a methodology for assessing their effectiveness, based on the expert assessment method too. It is shown that the most effective measure is the use of a separate telephone for Internet banking without an operating system. The proposed methods can be used to assess the effectiveness of any other measures to improve the security level of Internet banking users from threats associated with the use of telecommunication networks and communications. This method can be refined and adjusted to other information security objects or temporary changes in the field of information protection.

LEGISLATIVE REGULATION OF INTERNET SPACE IN KAZAKHSTAN: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS

In the article raises the actual issue of legal regulation of the Kazakhstan Internet space. The author examines the issues of combining the methods of legal regulation and self-regulation on the Internet.Prospects of soft law in the international regulation of the Internet, in countries such as the United States, Britain and Russia are assessed from different points of view. Especially the author draws attention to such topics as terrorism, pornography and encroachment on the honor and dignity of citizens.The relevance of this topic is expressed in the fact that, the Internet is still not sufficiently regulated from the legal point of view. The constant increase in the number of subscribers and the growing importance of information exchange through the Network attract the public's attention to the problems of regulation, the development of rules for the fair, legitimate functioning of the Internet by the state. Internet legislation is a set of laws, other normative acts (national and foreign states) which are regulating relations in the virtual space of the Internet. As an Internet relationship is considered only those relations that are connected with the social and legal regulation of the virtual space that is with the regulation of this space on the basis of the norms of law, morals, ethics and other means.The main problems of legal regulation are related to the order and conditions of the use of telecommunications networks and protection of the rights and legitimate interests of various entities during the transfer of information in global computer networks. There is a need to develop an adequate national legislation with all modern requirements, moreover in existing laws on the legal regulation of the Internet space in Kazakhstan prescribed severe penalties, and they haven’t an alternative solutions. This issue causes criticism of both among professional journalists and among the public.At present, the domestic information legislation of Kazakhstan and other countries are very extensive. However, it is still far from perfect and requires working out and adoption of new acts.

A COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE PROVISIONS CRIMINALIZING SEXUAL CRIMES IN RUSSIA AND SOME EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

The article is devoted to a comparative legal study of the norms providing for criminal liability for sexualcrimes in the Russian Federation and some European countries. Some features of criminal liability for thisgroup of crimes in Spain, France, Israel, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland are investigated. It is noted that theapproach to differentiation for violent sexual crimes in different countries is different. Several qualifyingcircumstances were noted that could be borrowed to improve our legislation. These include: the commissionof the alleged assault, by a relative, relative or relative by virtue of adoption, or by any other person havingauthority over the victim; if the victim has come into contact with the perpetrator of criminal acts throughthe use of telecommunication networks; if the act is committed by several persons acting as performersor accomplices; using his official position. The rule that if two or more of the qualifying circumstances arepresent is assessed, the penalty is imposed closer to the upper limit of the sanction. It is proposed to carry out an additional analysis of the ban on disclosing the person’s name or any other data that may indicatethe person as a victim or as having lodged a complaint that he is a victim of a crime against sexual freedomor sexual integrity. Attention is also drawn to sanctions for the group of crimes under consideration. In theRussian criminal law they are more humane than in foreign countrie

Problems and Ways to take Objectives with the Control and Management by the Transmission of Ethnic Time and Frequency Signals in the Armed Forces of Ukraine

Within the limits of the functioning of the military segment of the single time service and reference frequencies, the problems and ways of solving the tasks of controlling and controlling the transmission of reference signals used by the Armed Forces of Ukraine are outlined. The experimental research on the determination of the accuracy characteristics of the time synchronization system (using the PTP protocol IEEE 1588v2) was implemented for its use in telecommunication networks. As a communication channel, an optical fiber network is specially built to create a synchronization system. Experimental studies confirmed the possibility of transmitting reference signals of time and frequency synchronization with the use of modern digital and fiber-optic technologies from the National Standard of Time and Frequency units to the source standard of the Armed Forces of Ukraine units of time and frequency (VEZSU) with an error that is not exceeds 1 цs And also from VESZU to consumers with an error of less than 10 microseconds at a distance of 600 km via fiber-optic communication channel L2. The creation of a corresponding complex of equipment for monitoring and control of the transmission of reference signals used by the Armed Forces of Ukraine remains relevant.

On Concretization of Law in Conditions of Digitalization of Public Practice

The article analyzes the phenomenon of concretization of law in the conditions of digitalization.An example of the problem of countering terrorism with the use of telecommunicationsnetworks shows the significance of concretization in modern conditions. Theauthor considers concretization as a tool for improving legal regulation in conditions ofdigitalization. Attention is drawn to the fact that the need for concretization of legal normsin modern conditions is conditioned by their specialization, which takes into account thetechnological features of digitalization, and the level and nature of the theoretical comprehensionof this phenomenon lags behind the existing needs of legal practice, the processesof updating legal matter. The article points out that the problem of specifying thelaw with regard to the sphere of digitalization of networks and technologies related tocounteracting terrorism has not been adequately studied at either the theoretical or thepractical level, although the transition to electronic management of technological processesin production, according to Russian and foreign experts, are a prerequisite forthe implementation of terrorist activities using information and telecommunications networks.At the same time, a significant part of Internet services are now interdependent,because “cloud” technologies allow the availability of distributed computing powers betweendifferent jurisdictions, i.e. the modern Internet service represents the system of legalrelations, architecturally distributed across several jurisdictions, within the frameworkof which the users of such Internet service belong to different jurisdictions. Regulatoryprogramming is considered as a promising tool for specifying. It is noted that the specificationis intended to give the law maximum certainty in the process of law enforcementactivities on the basis of the methodology of the concept of “minimum contacts” and arisk-oriented approach and monitoring of legislation using artificial intelligence.

A Review of Risk Management and its Relationship with Information Systems

The new era of information technology and information systems, our environment has become a challenging environment. In this context, every day and so we witnessed the arrival of new technologies and the ability to tackle new challenges. Information technology and information systems in all areas of human life have intruded and although it facilitate lives of human communication and encourage but like any other new technology also bring risks. For example, the organization that use of telecommunications networks and the Internet For increase their effectiveness and efficiency in communication should accept or manage Risk caused by accessing unauthorized persons or competitors to information. Considering the points mentioned above, in the decision for the implementation of information systems and enjoying the benefits of information technology, like any other decision in life, should assess the potential risks and with managing risks, promote the effectiveness of the system. In this article , after the introduction of risk management , it means types of risks and ways to promote and implement information systems to introduce how to use the risk management process IT and implementation of information systems using any of the SDLC, one of the most comprehensive and complete system approach is be addressed. Finally has been attempting to introduce some of the key roles in the success of the risk management process.

The Impact Of Interorganizational Networks On Buyer-Seller Relationships

During the past decade, organizational theorists, business consultants, and telecommunications managers and vendors have directed our attention to the strategic role that information can play in the competitive strategy of firms (see, for example, Bradley, Hausman and Nolan, 1993; Keen, 1988; Porter and Millar 1985). Throughout the 1980s, widely discussed case examples demonstrated how the use of telecommunications networks to link firms to their suppliers and distribution chains conveyed important first mover advantages to such firms as American Hospital Supply and McKesson. The reported benefits to the firms deploying such interorganizational networks included: increased efficiency of order processing; reduced costs due to just-in-time inventory management; locking in trading partners because of the difficulties competitors faced once a network was in place; and greater ability to customize products and services based upon information arising from the transactions carried by the network (Cash and Konsynski, 1985; Johnson and Vitale, 1988).

생존성을 갖는 메쉬기반 광전송망에서의 효율적인 예비용량 설계방안에 관한 연구

Due to the development of information technology and widespread use of telecommunications networks, the design of mesh-survivable net works has received considerable attention in recent years. This paper deals with spare capacity planning scheme in mesh-based fiber-optic networks. In this study, a new spare capacity planning scheme is proposed utilizing path restoration with maximal sharing of share capacity that is traced by the spare capacity incremental factor (after this, we called SCIF). We compare it with three other spare capacity planning scheme : link capacity of IP (Integer Programming), SLPA(Spare Link Placement Algorithm) and GA(Genetic Algorithm). The approach shows better performance with heuristics algorithm for determining the spare capacity assignment and the computational time is easily controlled allowing the approach to scale to large networks. The major advantages of the new approach are reduction of spare capacity and a polynomial time complexity.omplexity.

Acousto-optic deflector-based optical packet synchronization

We propose a novel optical packet synchronizer for use in telecommunication networks at a 1.5 μm wavelength. An experimental setup shows the feasibility of the system using an acousto-optic deflector and a single-mode fiber delay line array. The proposed system achieves an optical transparency to the data bit rate, and is suitable for nonregenerative application within an optical network. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 26: 209–211, 2000.

Acousto-optic deflector-based optical packet synchronization

We propose a novel optical packet synchronizer for use in telecommunication networks at a 1.5 μm wavelength. An experimental setup shows the feasibility of the system using an acousto-optic deflector and a single-mode fiber delay line array. The proposed system achieves an optical transparency to the data bit rate, and is suitable for nonregenerative application within an optical network. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 26: 209–211, 2000.

The impact of Rayleigh backscatter induced noise on QPSK transmission with Fabry-Perot lasers

The use of uncooled Fabry-Perot (FP) lasers for upstream data in cable television (CATV) networks has recently been proposed. The merits of this choice, from use in telecommunications networks, include low cost and proven reliability. Indeed, it has been shown that these devices can transmit multiple quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) signals in an error-free manner. However, there is a bit-error-rate (BER) penalty associated with these lasers, that impacts the useable error free range. We show this degradation is caused by laser sporadic noise generated by Rayleigh backscatter into the laser from the fiber plant. In addition, we show the noise to be impulsive and that a 14 dB CNR penalty, at 1/spl times/10/sup -8/ BER, versus theoretical performance is possible.

Telecommunications: A Strategy for Teacher Preparation and Professional Development

This study examined the use of telecommunication networks as a mechanism for professional development. Results indicated that most teachers of children who are deaf/hard-of-hearing are not prepared to use this technology. The problems associated with telecommunication networks and the training to use this technology are presented. The study also outlines the basic design of an Internet based, deaf education telecommunication network that is currently being developed.

Analysis of quality factors in synthetic speech produced by rules

This paper investigates how various factors affect the quality of synthetic speech produced by rules. Using rules to synthesize speech will be an important technique for providing various telecommunication services in future intelligent networks. The quality of synthetic speech is generally measured by subjectively evaluating the speech from the viewpoint of intelligibility, or by comparing it with the quality of other types of synthetic speech. However, the development of a practical speech synthesis method for use in telecommunication networks requires an overall quality evaluation, including intelligibility and naturalness. The quality should be compared with that of natural telephone speech. To establish an overall quality evaluation method, the effects of several factors on the overall quality (expressed by MOS) of speech synthesized by several Japanese text-to-speech systems are quantitatively compared with the effects of using additive speech-correlated white noise as a natural speech material. Experimental results show that such factors as subject, listening experience, average pitch frequency, and text affect synthetic speech more than natural speech. Quality evaluation characteristics due to these factors are discussed and an overall quality evaluation method for synthetic speech is proposed.

Privacy in Electronic Public Space: Emerging Issues

Telecommunications networks (including the National Information Infrastructure being promoted by the Clinton Administration in the U.S.) are increasingly being perceived as important to the well-being of the economy and the polity. Use of telecommunication networks is increasing dramatically. Telecommunication networks are no longer limited to the conveyance of voice messages from one point to another. The kinds of information that can be transmitted over telecommunication networks now include voice, data, and images. No longer are these networks limited to point-to-point communication. Conferencing capabilities enable many-to-many communication. Automatic dialers combined with taped human or voice-synthesized messages “broadcast” to many points. Interactive or recorded mass announcement services allow simultaneous access to identical messages by multiple users. Along with these developments, telecommunication and privacy—two terms that were hardly if ever mentioned in the same sentence—have become strongly linked in the past two to three years, owing to a number of reasons.