Use Of Solar Energy Research Articles

Comparison of MPP methods for photovoltaic system

Solar electricity is usually a ubiquitous photovoltaic (PV) power source that converts sunlight into electricity. This makes solar energy a key factor in meeting the growing global demand. However, solar energy production from photovoltaic cells can be limited by many factors, so the power source needs to be optimized to reach the maximum level. One of the crucial technologies to enhance the power production of photovoltaic structures is maximum power point tracking (MPPT) measurement. This technology increases energy production by providing many advantages such as security, freedom, maximum energy efficiency, and environmental protection. MPPT continuously monitors the maximum power point of the photovoltaic structure to ensure the system operates at peak efficiency. This technology is indispensable in today’s solar systems, enabling the use of solar energy and reducing dependence on fossil fuels. By optimizing solar energy production, MPPT technology plays a crucial role in supporting the future of energy. It helps reduce climate change and promotes environmentally friendly practices through the use of renewable energy. MPPT technology also increases solar reliability, reduces maintenance costs, and improves overall performance. This makes MPPT an essential part of the modern solar system, ensuring they are efficient and effective.

A Corrosion Suppression Coatings for Molten Nitrate Salt

The use of solar energy for power generation provides an efficient sustainable energy solution. Among a number of technologies developed for power generation using solar energy, concentrating solar power (CSP) is encouraging because it makes use of mature technology in the power block. Thermal energy storage (TES) is added to CSP, making it competitive with other power generation technologies and delivering dispatchable energy. Molten salts are one of the materials of choice for the TES. Although the use of molten salts as heat transfer fluid and thermal storage in CSP has various advantages, storage tanks and pipework can be highly susceptible to corrosion. Different approaches have been adopted to suppress corrosion including the use of specialised alloys and high purity molten salts; however, both contribute to a substantial increase in construction and operating costs. In this study, a literature review is provided on coatings to suppress the hot corrosion of the storage vessels and pipework containing molten salts. There has been widespread use of anticorrosion coatings for numerous applications, providing guidelines to develop anticorrosion coatings for TES. Various important factors to be considered for choosing coating material are described herein. To date, several published studies discuss the corrosion resistance of different alloys and coatings for different applications. This study reports on corrosion tests and oxidation tests, while making comparison between different alloys with use of data extracted from literature. Among other materials studied the nickel aluminium alloys exhibit very promising properties as protective coating.

Solar Panel and Battery Maintenance Using IOT

Abstract The use of solar energy has increased significantly over the world.They are well-liked due to their endlessness and purity.It also stands out for being low maintenance.Yet,if a little issue with the panel or circuit is not identified promptly, it could cost a lot to maintain.Another challenging task is finding the flaw inside the vast solar field.This study examines the viability of employing IOT for real-time fault detection. Reducing the maintenance expense and detection time,panel temperature,light intensity,and current are monitored and maintained continuously,respectively, using temperature,light,and current sensors.In the proposed study to maintain the standard level of voltage,battery voltage is constantly monitored to meet the industrial need and to increase the life span.The study also aims to measure efficiency concerning the increase and decrease in power levels.

Impact of Solar Energy Usage on Socio-Economic Development in Ngoma District

The study evaluated the impact of solar energy usage on socio-economic development in Ngoma District. The specific objectives were to assess the effectiveness of solar energy usage in Ngoma District, the socio-economic development indicators in Ngoma District, and the relationship between solar energy usage and socio-economic development in Ngoma District. The target population was 271 households that used solar energy in Ngoma District, while the sample size was 162 respondents. The questionnaire, interview guide, and Documentary technique were used to obtain the necessary information for the study. Descriptive statistics method, correlation coefficient matrix and multiple linear regression analysis methods were used in this study. Findings indicated that with a Pearson's correlation coefficient (R) of 0.989, showing a strong linear relationship between predictors such as generating electricity, heating water, and socio-economic development, and an R-square value of 0.978, suggesting that approximately 97.8% of the variability in socio-economic development can be explained by these predictors, the model demonstrates robust explanatory power. Furthermore, the adjusted R-squared value of 0.978 remains consistent, suggesting stability in explanatory capability even with additional predictors. The low standard error of the estimate (2.60592) and the Durbin-Watson statistic (1.017) close to 2 indicate minimal residual autocorrelation, validating the model's effectiveness in capturing socio-economic dynamics. The analysis of variance underscores the significance of the model, with predictors collectively exerting a significant effect on socio-economic development, as evidenced by a large F-statistic (1168.641) and a very low p-value (Sig. = .000). The substantial sum of squares for regression (47616.150) further emphasizes the explained variability in socio-economic development by the predictors. Recommendations stemming from these findings advocate for targeted interventions such as investment in renewable energy infrastructure, improvement of basic services, and community empowerment to foster sustainable development. Moreover, suggestions for further research encourage longitudinal studies, complementing quantitative analyses with qualitative methods, and undertaking comparative analyses across diverse regions to deepen understanding and inform evidence-based policies for addressing energy poverty and fostering inclusive growth in rural communities. This study contributes to understanding the role of solar energy in rural socio-economic development, providing insights for policymakers, stakeholders, and researchers to promote sustainable development initiatives.

КОМПЛЕКСНА ОЦІНКА ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ФОТОЕЛЕКТРИЧНИХ СТАНЦІЙ ДЛЯ ЖИВЛЕННЯ НАСОСІВ У БАГАТОПОВЕРХОВИХ БУДІВЛЯХ

In modern conditions, characterized by the destruction of critical infrastructure and instability of energy supply, ensuring a reliable water supply in multi-storey buildings is becoming especially relevant. This article is devoted to the study of the possibilities and problems of using photovoltaic power plants (PV) to power water supply pumps as an alternative energy source. The main goal of the study is to identify key factors that affect the efficiency and reliability of the PV power supply system for water supply pumps, as well as to develop recommendations for their optimization. The influence of weather conditions, in particular solar insolation and air temperature, on the performance of PV plants is analyzed in detail. Seasonal and daily fluctuations in insolation are considered, as well as their dependence on geographical location and atmospheric conditions. The influence of cloudiness, precipitation and fog on the intensity of solar radiation reaching the surface of PV panels is assessed. To analyze the efficiency of the system, a mathematical model has been developed that considers the dependence of the PV output power on solar insolation and panel temperature, the pump power on the required head and volume of water, as well as the operation of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm and energy storage. The role of MPPT algorithms in increasing the efficiency of solar energy use is assessed. Ishikawa diagram is used to systematize key constraints. The developed mathematical model allows for a multiple assessment of the impact of various factors on system performance and the development of optimal control strategies. Keywords: photovoltaic station, pump power supply, renewable energy sources, optimization.

Climate change impacts on Egyptian aquaculture: challenges, opportunities, and research gaps

The Egyptian aquaculture sector is subjected to several threats caused by climate change, including a considerable decline in Nile River flow, the sea level rise with the risk of inundation, salty-water intrusion, and the loss of productive farms besides increases in temperatures and decreased water supplies. Due to other urgent issues in Egypt, such as rising food and living expenses and decreased land productivity along the coast, climate change has recently risen to the top of the priority list for national decision-makers. This study aims to highlight climate change impacts on Egyptian aquaculture food systems considering the three sustainability pillars: environmental, economic, and social. We also highlighted the related challenges, opportunities, and research gaps to suggest future needs for further studies. National efforts to improve the local aquaculture sector were presented, as well as potential opportunities for climate change adaptation strategies. The results of this study are intended to assist researchers, policy, and decision-makers in developing strategies that would help in mitigating climate change impacts on the aquaculture sector, to assist sustainably expanding aquaculture food systems, and to enhance local food security. The study reveals that the most productive fish farms in the coastal lakes, mainly brackish, are vulnerable to sea level rise with expectations of salty-water intrusion and disturbance of the cultivated species and loss of aquaculture farms with the consequent environmental and socio-economic impacts. Data availability is one of the main challenges that face academics interested in the aquaculture field. Research fields such as hydrodynamics, remote sensing, geographical information systems and life cycle assessment are promising fields that can contribute to the prediction of climate change impacts on aquaculture systems which helps in developing proper mitigation strategies. Socioeconomic aspects that need to be considered include climate change impacts on living conditions and the physical well-being of small-scale aquaculture farmers, the vulnerability of small-scale farms related to their location, circumstances, disadvantages, and labor challenges. Solar energy usage expansion, development of hatcheries for fry production, expansion in integrated fish farming in reclaimed lands, water-return maximizing and usage of intensive and semi-intensive systems are all some of the strategies adapted by national authorities to mitigate the climate change impacts on local aquaculture sector. Furthermore, the involvement of investors, policy and decision makers is a must to expand the Egyptian aquaculture sector in a sustainable way. Regulations must be set to encourage investments in sustainable technologies as aquaponics, desalination and water recycling. Funds can be provided to stimulate the research and development in in this sector. A national awareness campaign among farmers to explain the potential impacts of climate change on local aquaculture farms and how to adapt is highly recommended, and enhancing collaboration and communication between local stakeholders “researchers, investments, policy makers and farmers” is a must.

Efficient Near‐Infrared‐Light‐Driven H2 Production with Salts of a Diprotonated Saddle‐Distorted Porphyrin as Photosensitizers

Development of near‐infrared (NIR)‐light‐driven photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) production is indispensable for an efficient use of solar energy in a sustainable society. Herein, a strategy is reported for achieving higher quantum yields of NIR‐light‐driven photocatalytic H2 production using salts of diprotonated dodecaphenylporphyrin (H4DPP2+(X−)2), showing large saddle distortion as organic photosensitizers and platinum nanoparticles as catalysts. When a perchlorate ion (ClO4−) is employed as a counter ion (X−) of H4DPP2+(X−)2, the quantum yield of the photocatalytic H2 production reaches to 36% by excitation at 750 nm, which is the highest value among those of NIR‐light‐driven H2 production reported so far. Such a drastic enhancement of the quantum yield is achieved by selection of X− as an appropriate counter anion of H4DPP2+, judging from second‐order rate constants of photoinduced electron transfer (ET) from electron donors to 3(H4DPP2+(X−)2)* and the reorganization energy of ET for H4DPP2+(X−)2.

Thermodynamic modelling of a power generation plant using solar concentrators assisted by organic Rankine cycle for João Pessoa city, Brazil

The potential for generating electricity through solar energy makes Brazil a very promising country in this segment, with several possibilities for the use of solar energy, whether in the thermal or photovoltaic part, due to the high incidence of solar radiation throughout much of the country, especially in the Northeast region. In this study, an analysis of the perfor-mance of the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) that produces electricity using solar concentrators was performed. The fluids used in the system were classified as dry type  toluene, isobutane, isopentane, R227ea, R113, R114, R245fa and R600. During the study, the energy and exergy analysis of the system was conducted for different evaporator pressures (500−2500 kPa), and two types of solar collectors were tested (parabolic trough collector and parabolic compound collec-tor). In addition, a system case study was simulated for radiation and temperature conditions in the city of João Pessoa, Brazil. Based on this analysis, the performance of the cycle components was examined, and the first and second law effi-ciencies of the system were compared for different configurations. The solar collector (parabolic trough collector) proved to be the most suitable for the studied cycle. With the adequate selection of the refrigerant, collector and evaporation pressure, the first and second law efficiencies of the cycle improve up to 41% and 44%, respectively. For the city of João Pessoa, the highest exergy efficiency occurs in the month of January, the hottest month of the year when the sun shines brightly, and the lowest exergy efficiency occurs in the month of June.

Life Cycle Assessment of Edge Data Centers: Case Study in Presence of Renewable Energy and Refurbished Servers

As the demand for computing power increases, the ecological footprint of data centers becomes a critical concern. Evaluating and mitigating this trend is essential to ensure a sustainable future for digital technologies. This article addresses the issue by comparing the environmental impacts of a solar-powered edge data center (SDC) with refurbished servers and a conventional edge data center (CDC). The comparison is conducted using a multicriteria life cycle assessment for both data center types, focusing on indicators such as climate change, depletion of abiotic resources, acidification, ionizing radiation, and particle emissions. Our results indicate that, under a reference data center design scenario, SDC achieves a reduction in environmental impact ranging from 11% to 60% compared to CDC. This advantage is maintained when scaling up both data centers. Further reductions, up to 92% for some indicators, are possible by leveraging SDC characteristics such as increased solar energy use, grid energy integration, and extended compute node lifetimes. Our analysis shows that the environmental overhead of replacing components during server refurbishment in SDC is minimal, ranging from 1% to 6%, thereby reinforcing the sustainability and reliability of SDC. This comparative study illustrates the potential for edge data centers to yield positive environmental outcomes. Finally, we discuss the limitations and potential improvements of this study, as well as the challenges associated with deploying SDC and CDC in specific environments and for particular tasks.

Ranking of Mitigation Measures in Decarbonisation of International Shipping of Turkish Ports: A Fuzzy-Analytic Hierarchy Process Approach

Decarbonisation of shipping is very crucial to achieve the International Maritime Organization (IMO)’s zero-carbon target by 2035 especially in middle-income economies with relatively limited budget constraints. This paper purposes to demonstrate the importance of mitigation measures in decarbonisation of international shipping using a fuzzy- Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach. For this purpose, both main and sub-measures proposed by International Transport Forum in decarbonisation of international shipping are ranked in terms of their importance based on eight expert opinions working at an international port in Türkiye using survey data. The empirical evidence of the present paper reveals that alternative fuel and energy sources are the most important main mitigation measure of decarbonisation of international shipping. The results also put forward that more efficient use of ammonia is the most important sub-measure of decarbonisation of international shipping followed by light materials, slender design and solar energy use, respectively. More attention on the deployment of alternative fuel and energy sources including ammonia and solar energy is recommended for future decarbonisation policies of international shipping. The importance of combination of mitigation measures for decarbonisation of international shipping is also highlighted to achieve zero-carbon target by 2035.

Sustainable 6.6kW PV Solar Home System Energy with HomeAssistant for Household Case

Abstract Global warming is a threat for our next generation and the sustainability of our planet’s ecosystem. Therefore, this research on building a small Solar Home System (SHS) for household consumption is an attempt to increase the use of renewable solar energy and thereby decrease the carbon footprint. This solar home system experimental research is conducted on a house’s rooftop, and it has proven to be self-sufficient for the daily energy consumption for the house. The installed solar capacity is 6600Wp and the energy consumption daily is on average around 20kWh. The system is also connected to Home Assistant software to increase connectivity with the users. The carbon footprint is calculated based on the kWh solar energy produced by SHS, i.e. 20kWh/day. The carbon footprint saving is 4485.6 CO2e [Kg] per year.

Optimization of Photovoltaic Water Pumping Systems: Progress, Limits, and Prospects for a Healthy Energy Future

Today, water pumping plays a crucial role throughout the world, due to its many uses, such as irrigation, watering livestock and supplying water for domestic needs in isolated areas not served by traditional distribution networks (of water and/or electricity in general). The use of photovoltaic solar energy offers promising, environmentally friendly prospects for pumping water in these regions. However, several factors limit the performance of these pumping systems. To achieve this goal, a significant amount of work is underway to optimize the efficiency of these photovoltaic water pumping systems. In this study, various methods for enhancing pumping system efficiency are analyzed, such as the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods used, highlighting their respective advantages and limitations, as well as hydraulic system architectures. The aim is therefore to suggest research proposals for improving the energy efficiency of photovoltaic water pumping systems, with a view to promoting the transition to a more environmentally friendly and sustainable energy future.

Enhancing Aquaculture Efficiency through IoT-Based Monitoring of Solar PV Systems

This research presents the design and implementation of an IoT-based monitoring system for solar photovoltaic (PV) performance in shrimp aquaculture ponds. The system aims to optimize the use of solar energy for powering critical operations such as water pumps and aerators in off-grid environments. It integrates sensors, a microcontroller, and cloud-based data visualization to track parameters including panel voltage, current, temperature, and power output. A prototype was deployed in a shrimp farm over a two-week period, with continuous data logging and real-time monitoring. The results indicate improved energy management and system reliability, supporting operational efficiency and sustainability in aquaculture. This study contributes to smart aquaculture practices by introducing a scalable and low-cost renewable energy monitoring solution

Determination of Carbon Footprint: Düzce University Konuralp Campus

Climate change, one of the most important problems of our age, is a problem that needs an urgent solution as soon as possible. Mathematical models of climate support this idea. With the results of mathematical models related to climate change, it is aimed to predict effects such as increase in the average surface temperature of the planet, rise in sea level, more frequent and intense natural disasters, decrease in water resources, and imbalances in ecosystems. This study was carried out with the aim to emphasize the possible effects of climate change with mathematical models and encouraging people to take action on this issue and to take appropriate measures to minimize the negative consequences. For this reason, this study was presented to calculate the carbon footprint of Düzce University Konuralp Campus with the IPCC methodology Tier1 approach. The amount of carbon footprint was found to be 4.781.841 tons of CO2. As a result of this analysis, the investment cost of solar energy usage has been calculated since the solar energy availability in the region is appropriate. This study was conducted to draw attention to sustainable campuses and to lead the transition from sustainable campuses to sustainable cities.

Light-driven propane dehydrogenation by a single-atom catalyst under near-ambient conditions.

Propane dehydrogenation is an energy-intensive industrial reaction that requires high temperatures (550-750 °C) to overcome thermodynamic barriers. Here we overcome these limits and demonstrate that near-ambient propane dehydrogenation can be achieved through photo-thermo-catalysis in a water-vapour environment. We reduce the reaction temperature to 50-80 °C using a single-atom catalyst of copper supported on TiO2 and a continuous-flow fixed-bed reactor. The mechanism differs from conventional propane dehydrogenation in that hydrogen is produced from the photocatalytic splitting of water vapour, surface-bound hydroxyl radicals extract propane hydrogen atoms to form propylene without over-oxidation, and water serves as a catalyst. This route also works for the dehydrogenation of other small alkanes. Moreover, we demonstrate sunlight-driven water-catalysed propane dehydrogenation operating at reaction temperatures as low as 10 °C. We anticipate that this work will be a starting point for integrating solar energy usage into a wide range of high-temperature industrial reactions.

Smart Farming Technologies: Exploring the Factors of Adoption Among Smallholder Farmers in Peninsular Malaysia

The impact of climate change on global agriculture has increased the need for sustainable and resource-efficient farming practices to ensure food security. Smart farming, which incorporates the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT), allows farmers to monitor changes in climatic factors and soil conditions, optimize farming operations and increase crop yields. This study aimed to identify the factors influencing the adoption of smart farming among smallholders in Peninsular Malaysia. Twelve participants were recruited using the snowball sampling method and thematic analysis was used to identify patterns and themes in the qualitative data obtained from interviews. The analysis revealed that participants desired to use smart farming technologies due to the lack of foreign labour, cost savings, time flexibility, awareness and education campaigns and government support. Utilizing smart farming technologies can result in cost savings through efficient use of inputs, reduction of waste and automation of tedious tasks. The use of solar energy can provide a dependable and affordable energy source to increase sustainability, while precision planting and seeding techniques can improve the efficient use of resources. The government's provision of information and funding has helped participants establish smart farming in their farms, with some receiving grants and collaborating with universities to develop new technologies. Overall, smart farming technologies can help farmers manage their crops and resources more effectively, increase yields and optimize farm operations

Analysis of Factors Influencing Harnessing Opportunities in Climate Change for Livelihoods in Niger North Senatorial District, Niger State, Nigeria

This study examined the opportunities in climate change that can be harnessed for livelihood sustainability in Niger North Senatorial District, Niger State, Nigeria. It identified the types of threats posed by climate change in the study area and assessed the climate change opportunities that can be harnessed for the sustainability of livelihood activities in the study area. Multi-stage sampling technique was adopted, and 384 respondents were randomly sampled. A structured questionnaire and KII were used to gather the data. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as percentages, means, frequency and multiple linear regression models. The findings of the study indicated that livelihood activities in the study area are threatened by climate-induced hazards such as increased flooding and soil erosion (48.18%,) increased temperatures and water stress (33.59%). These climatic changes lead to heat stress on crops and livestock, reduce water availability, and exacerbate drought conditions, thus reducing agricultural yields. The finding of the study identifies weak financial support for adopting climate change opportunities as a major issue highlighted by the pooled results across all LGAs with a significant negative coefficient of -0.50 at the 10% level, technical complexity nature is another constraint with pooled results across all LGAs with a significant negative coefficient of -0.64 at the 5% level. The study concludes that climate change poses significant threats to livelihood sustainability in the study area. To harness climate change opportunities for the sustainability of livelihoods, it is imperative to promote sustainable agricultural practices and enhance water management strategies and to enable the people to harness the climate change opportunities, key challenges highlighted need to be tackled. The study recommends that Government and climate changerelated NGOs should support the people with adequate knowledge and funding to utilize technologies that optimize the opportunities in climate change such as rainwater harvest, dumping rain run offwater and use of solar energy for sustainability of their livelihoods.

Using Graphene Materials to Enhance the Multi-Effects Solar Still Performance

The exponential growth of living and the growth of the population in the world have led to a large demand for potable water. The shortage of fresh water in the desert countries, such as rivers, lakes, and drinkable water wells needs sustainable solutions. The use of solar energy which is abundant in KSA throughout the year to convert the salty water of seas and oceans to freshwater is the most promising solution to meet the increasing potable water needs. Many studies investigated the applications of the direct solar still which is a promising desalination technique since it costs very little to construct and operate, has low maintenance requirements, and can be constructed using local material, but most of the previous studies concluded that the solar still has low performance and it cannot be used to produce a huge amount of desalinated water. Therefore, in this study a mathematical model was developed to study the enhancement of the solar still using a multi-effects design with a graphene-coated material. This type of design was implemented to enhance the water evaporation and solar absorption rate of the still. Consequently, the water productivity and the temperature distribution of water were enhanced and the performance of the solar still increased by around 21%.

Prospects of Solar Energy in the Context of Greening Maritime Transport

The aim of this article is to examine existing technologies for the use of electrical energy and to develop proposals for their improvement on maritime vessels. As a criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of alternative energy sources on ships, factors such as greenhouse gas emissions levels, production and transportation characteristics, onboard storage conditions, and technoeconomic indicators have been proposed. The analysis of fuel types reveals that hydrogen has zero greenhouse gas emissions. However, transportation and storage issues, along with the high investment required for implementation, pose barriers to the widespread use of hydrogen as fuel for maritime vessels. This article demonstrates that solar energy can serve as an alternative to gases and liquid fuels in maritime transport. The technologies and challenges in utilizing solar energy for shipping are analyzed, trends in solar energy for maritime transport are discussed, and future research directions for the use of solar energy in the maritime sector are proposed. The most significant findings include the identification of future research directions in the application of solar energy in the maritime sector, including the adaptation of concentrated solar power (CSP) systems for maritime applications; the development of materials and designs for solar panels specifically tailored to marine conditions; the development of methods for assessing the long-term economic benefits of using solar energy on vessels; and the creation of regulatory frameworks and international standards for the use of solar energy on ships. Furthermore, for hybrid photovoltaic and diesel power systems, promising research directions could include efforts to implement direct torque control systems instead of field-orientated control systems, as well as working on compensating higher harmonics in the phase current spectra of asynchronous motors.

Identifying Challenges, Benefits, and Recommendations for Utilizing Solar Panels in Sport Stadiums: A Thematic Analysis

Identifying Challenges, Benefits, and Recommendations for Utilizing Solar Panels in Sport Stadiums: A Thematic Analysis