The excessive use of nitro compounds and antibiotics has made them the main pollutants in the water environment. It is necessary and challenging to find an effective method to monitor them. Herein, a novel Cd(II) metal–organic complex (MOC) with one‐dimensional structure [Cd(L)2(H2O)2]·8H2O [HL = 2,4‐bis (triazol‐1‐yl) benzoic acid] has been synthesized and characterized. The complex can be used as a fluorescence sensor to detect nitroimidazole antibiotics and p‐nitrophenol in aqueous solutions. The limit of detection (LOD) of p‐nitrophenol and nitroimidazole antibiotics (metronidazole, ornidazole, dimethylimidazole) are 0.04, 0.02, 0.07, and 0.08 μM, respectively. The complex still maintains high reproducibility after five cycles. In summary, due to the strong stability, high sensitivity, and excellent selectivity of the synthesized complex, it provides a convenient method for the development of analytical platforms for detecting water pollutants.