This study explored the lived experiences of Junior High School teachers in Lucena City in integrating cultural mapping outputs and media-based cultural documentation into contextualized instruction. Grounded in the principles of culture-based education and guided by Republic Acts 10533 and 11961, the study sought to address the gap between policy and classroom practice, particularly the limited accessibility and use of local cultural resources in lesson design. Using a qualitative phenomenological design, the research captured teachers’ authentic perspectives, teaching strategies, and reflections as they utilized media-based cultural resources to create culturally responsive lessons. Data were collected through structured in-person and online interviews, supplemented with optional visual documentation, following a systematic and ethical process including institutional clearances and participant consent. Findings revealed that teachers accessed cultural materials through various sources such as online platforms, community narratives, and personal research, although formally documented resources specific to Lucena City remained limited. Teachers utilized these materials by integrating local examples, storytelling, multimedia resources, and culturally relevant discussions to contextualize lessons and enhance students’ understanding of academic content. However, participants also reported challenges including limited documentation of local cultural resources, difficulty validating information from digital sources, and the additional time required to locate and adapt cultural materials for classroom use. Despite these challenges, teachers observed positive outcomes, including increased student engagement, active participation, enhanced creativity in learning tasks, and improved awareness and appreciation of local culture. The findings highlight the potential of media-based cultural documentation and cultural mapping outputs as valuable resources for promoting contextualized and culturally responsive teaching practices in public secondary schools.

Can fiscal autonomy affect per capita income levels? We empirically investigate the impact of fiscal autonomy on per capita income through the proper use of local financial resources. Exploiting a natural experiment in Italy, we compare municipalities in the Autonomous Provinces of Trento and Bolzano, which retain and manage almost all their tax revenues, with neighbouring municipalities in Lombardy and Veneto, where only a small fraction of revenues is autonomously managed. Using a spatial fuzzy regression discontinuity design, we estimate the effect of financial fiscal autonomy on per capita income. We address the potential endogeneity of financial fiscal autonomy with a dummy variable identifying municipalities that manage almost all their tax revenues. Our findings show that higher levels of local financial fiscal autonomy increase per capita income: a one percentage point rise in the financial fiscal autonomy raises per capita income by 0.2–0.7%. This effect is largely driven by higher municipal-level administrative quality in municipalities with stronger fiscal autonomy. The results highlight that granting fiscal autonomy can enhance local economic performance.

Limited availability of high-quality organic resources, inconsistent nutrient content, and unestablished nutrient-release patterns hinder the effective utilization of organic materials for soil fertility management. To address this, the present study characterizes the total nutrient content of fourteen organic materials and analysed their NPK fertilizer value following standards established by the Tanzanian Bureau of Standards (TBS) and African Standards for Organic Fertilizers (ARS). Four high-potential materials: comfrey, azolla, fish meal, wild sunflower and their mixtures were further tested in a fermentation experiment to examine nutrient release dynamics and their potential for direct-soil incorporation. The experiment was conducted at Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), in Morogoro region, Tanzania. In a screenhouse experiment, 150 g of the powdered material was fermented in 1.8 litres of water in pots for 84 days, in a Completely Randomized Design. Fermented samples were collected at 14-day intervals and analysed for available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium. Results showed that fish meal had the highest NPK fertilizer value (21.23%), while rabbit urine had the lowest (0.3%). Peak nitrogen release reached 849.2 mg/L at 28 days in fish meal, and potassium 143.32 mg/L at 28 days in comfrey. Phosphorus release peaked (7.1 mg/L) at 42 days in fish meal, and calcium (29.8 mg/L) at 84 days in wild sunflower. Fish meal demonstrated its potential as a high-quality organic material for direct application or inclusion in liquid fertilizer formulations. Its combined formulation with azolla and comfrey could result in a balanced liquid NPK organic fertilizer suitable for a wide range of crops. These findings provide empirical evidence to guide the direct use of local organic resources for sustainable soil fertility management and the formulation of liquid organic fertilizers.

Aim This study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab as first-line systemic therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) in Malaysia, compared with the current standard treatments in the Malaysian Ministry of Health (MOH) to inform public healthcare decision‑making. Materials and Methods A cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted from the MOH perspective, following the national pharmacoeconomic guidelines (2019). The study compared atezolizumab plus bevacizumab with sorafenib and lenvatinib, respectively, using a partitioned survival model to project health outcomes and costs over a lifetime horizon. Clinical efficacy data were sourced from published trials and network meta-analyses. Cost inputs reflected local healthcare resource use and prices, using 2024 Malaysian Ringgit values inflated via the Consumer Price Index for Health. Costs and outcomes were discounted at 3% annually. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the impact of key parameter uncertainties on the results. Results Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab provided the highest quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and life years compared to sorafenib and lenvatinib. Sorafenib was dominated by lenvatinib due to lower QALYs and higher costs and excluded from further analysis. Compared to lenvatinib, atezolizumab plus bevacizumab yielded 0.873 additional QALYs and RM 44,863 additional cost, resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of RM 51,399 per QALY gained (∼0.906 GDP/capita at Malaysia’s 2024 GDP/capita RM 56,734). Conclusions Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab is cost-effective compared to lenvatinib and sorafenib across willingness-to-pay (WTP) values of one to three times Malaysia’s GDP per capita. These findings provide evidence to inform public health policy that expanding funding and adoption of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab is likely to improve health outcomes cost-effectively.

This study examined the relationship between learners’ cookery skills and the implementation of contextualized instruction using locally available resources in Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE). Grounded in the concept of contextualized learning, the research emphasized aligning instruction with students’ local environment, culture, and available materials to enhance practical competencies. A descriptive-correlational research design was employed, involving Grade 10 cookery students as respondents. Data were gathered using structured instruments assessing cookery skills, the level of contextualization in instruction, and challenges encountered, and were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson r correlation. Findings revealed that students demonstrated a satisfactory level of mastery in cookery skills, particularly in basic food preparation, sanitation, and safety practices, although improvement is needed in advanced techniques and presentation. Learners also exhibited a satisfactory level of contextualization, especially in integrating local ingredients and adapting recipes to cultural practices, though the use of indigenous tools and broader community engagement remained limited. The study further identified moderate challenges, including seasonal availability of ingredients, limited budget, restricted access to traditional tools, and difficulty adapting foreign recipes to local contexts. Importantly, results showed a statistically significant moderate positive relationship (r = 0.687) between learners’ cookery skills and the implementation of contextualized instruction, indicating that the use of locally available resources enhances skill development. The study concludes that contextualized instruction is an effective approach for improving cookery competencies and recommends increased integration of local resources, hands-on training, and support for traditional culinary practices. This research aligns with Sustainable Development Goal 4 (Quality Education) by promoting relevant and inclusive learning, and SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) through the use of local and sustainable food resources. The sustainability impact of the study lies in strengthening culturally responsive education, promoting local food systems, and supporting community-based and resource-efficient learning practices.

Local economic development (LED) is a development process, in which sustainable policies and strategies are developed by local actors in accordance with the principle of governance, efforts are made to enhance human, social, and institutional capital to achieve local economic growth, and cooperation relationships and networking activities are established among local actors. Certain principles, concepts, and activities utilized within this process are given particular emphasis within the theoretical framework of LED and are crucial for its implementation and success. LED envisions relationships established among local actors based on the principle of governance, and sustainable LED policies, strategies, and tools are developed with the participation of all actors. The principle of sustainability is important for the self-continuity of LED by making use of local resources. LED policies and strategies involve activities aiming to improve social, human, and institutional capital to achieve economic development. The present study investigates and brings together the principles and activities that are frequently emphasized in the LED literature and considered important for the success of LED, within the scope of a review study. This study adopts the characteristics of a review article. By systematically examining these principles and activities within the theoretical framework of LED, the study is expected to provide a conceptual foundation for future research and serve as a reference for both researchers and policymakers.

This study aimed to develop and evaluate cassava (Manihot esculenta) chips fortified with Sagip Nutri Powder as a nutrient-enhanced snack alternative for college students. Anchored on principles of food fortification, sensory evaluation, and product development, the study employed an experimental research design involving four formulations, including one control and three fortified treatments. Seventy-five randomly selected college students served as respondents, and a 9-point hedonic scale was used to assess sensory attributes such as color/appearance, odor/aroma, taste/flavor, crispiness, and general acceptability. Proximate analysis, shelf-life evaluation, and cost analysis were also conducted. Results showed that all formulations were generally acceptable, with Formulation 1 obtaining the highest sensory ratings. Nutritional analysis revealed improvements in energy, protein, fiber, moisture, and ash content, particularly in higher fortification levels, while carbohydrate content decreased. All formulations maintained acceptable sensory quality for seven days, indicating good shelf stability. Economic analysis demonstrated that while production costs increased with fortification, all treatments remained profitable, with the control and Formulation 1 yielding the highest returns. The study concludes that cassava chips fortified with Sagip Nutri Powder are nutritionally enhanced, acceptable, and economically viable, and recommends their development for commercialization, further research on shelf life and packaging, and wider consumer testing. This study supports SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) and SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) by promoting nutrient-dense food alternatives, as well as SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) through the use of local resources. It contributes to socio-economic, nutritional, and environmental sustainability by enhancing food value, supporting local agriculture, and encouraging sustainable food production practices.

The paper focuses on the possibilities for developing a model for adaptive control of electricity flows in urban microgrids using AI support into the Internet of Things networks. The goal is the requirement for smarter, more adaptive and sustainable methods in controlling local energy systems. This is critical for distributed generation and the growing incorporation of renewable energy resources. The study is conceptual in nature and aims to develop an integrated model that combines physical energy infrastructure, IoT-based data acquisition, the analytical capabilities of artificial intelligence, and a logic for adaptive real-time decision-making. It is analyzed the theoretical foundations of adaptive management in microgrids, the design of model development of multilayered architecture, and the interaction between physical and information flows. Particular attention is given to the role of intelligent monitoring devices, forecasting and optimization algorithms, as well as the coordination between local generation, storage, consumption, and exchange with the main grid. The proposed model is analyzed through comparison with traditional, optimization-based, and AI-driven models discussed in the scientific literature, and it is argued that the integration of AI and IoT enables higher adaptability, improved load balancing, more efficient use of local energy resources, and better integration of renewable energy sources in the urban energy environment. The proposed model provides a conceptual framework for the intelligent management of electricity flows in urban microgrids, emphasizing its potential for further development and application in sustainable energy systems.

In the context of the implementation of advanced regionalisation in Morocco, particularly in the southern provinces, and the adoption of new territorial development measures tailored to regional specificities, the analysis of Regional Development Programmes (RDPs) is essential. These programmes constitute strategic instruments aimed at enhancing the economic attractiveness of territories, whilst addressing the challenges of competitiveness, equity and sustainability. In this context, territorial economic intelligence (TEI) emerges as a key lever for supporting and optimising regional development policies. Applied to the Dakhla Oued Eddahab region, it helps to strengthen territorial competitiveness by promoting better use of local resources and facilitating the identification of investment opportunities. TEI is based on structured processes for the collection, analysis and dissemination of strategic information, enabling informed decision-making and the coordination of actions by various public and private stakeholders. By integrating this approach into the RDP, the Dakhla Oued Eddahab region benefits from a more coherent regional governance framework, based on synergy between institutions, businesses and local stakeholders. This approach promotes investment, stimulates innovation and supports the development of productive activities, thereby contributing to sustainable and inclusive economic growth, as well as to the reduction of territorial disparities. The aim of this research is to highlight the role of territorial economic intelligence (TEI) in the strategic positioning and promotion of the attractiveness of the Dakhla Oued Eddahab region. To this end, a forward-looking approach is employed to analyse the region’s socio-economic characteristics and evaluate the RDP as a tool for strategic territorial planning. By 2030, territorial economic intelligence will be at the heart of economic diplomacy and territorial development policies, with an enhanced role for investment support institutions, notably the Regional Investment Centres. Keywords: Territorial economic intelligence (TEI); regional development; territorial attractiveness; investment promotion; territorial governance. Received Date: February 22, 2026 Accepted Date: March 14, 2026 Published Date: April 02, 2026 Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/633

Most agricultural landscapes are composed of a variety of habitats. A landscape perspective is needed to understand biodiversity decline, but many studies focus on single habitat types. In addition, the use of local resources by species within and across habitats implies that species and their habitats are linked in species‐habitat networks. However, studies on these networks are scarce. Here, we used grid‐based sampling to assess wild bees at 224 sampling locations across all major habitat types, that is, arable land, grassland, forest and orchard, in 14 differently composed agricultural landscapes of Southern Germany. We assigned wild bees to habitat types based on the dominant habitat cover surrounding their sampling location to establish species‐habitat networks and assessed how these networks differed in modularity and robustness to habitat loss. Orchards harbored more wild bees than expected based on their proportional cover in the landscape, indicating a preference for this extensively managed but threatened habitat by wild bees. Orchards also supported the highest species richness and proportion of oligolectic wild bees, while forests harbored the lowest richness and more social species. Landscape diversity affected both structure and robustness of bee‐habitat networks in response to the simulated loss of habitats. Networks in more diverse landscapes had higher modularity but tended to be less robust, showing that greater landscape diversity and modularity do not necessarily buffer against the effects of habitat loss. However, this effect appeared to be mainly driven by increases in network size, as standardized modularity and robustness (z‐scores) were not affected by landscape diversity. We could show that species‐habitat networks are a powerful tool to inform ecologists and policy makers about the importance of key habitats and landscape diversity for species conservation. Key habitats for wild bee conservation include extensively managed habitats like traditional orchards. Nevertheless, all habitat types support a similar proportion of endangered species, emphasizing the importance of a diverse landscape. Conserving wild bees requires a variety of complementary habitats at the landscape scale and must consider the management of traditional and intensively managed habitats alike. Policy measures targeting landscape diversity are urgently needed.

The article examines the essence of innovative management in tourism, its role in modern economic conditions and application mechanisms. The importance of digital technologies, information systems, new management models and customer-oriented approaches in the sustainable development of the tourism sector has been analyzed on a scientific basis. Structural problems in the management system, uneven service quality, weak personnel training, infrastructure and marketing deficiencies are the main reasons for reducing customer satisfaction. Although the number of new hotels, recreation centers, museums and health tourism facilities in Nakhchivan has increased in recent years, the main condition is the quality of service and the introduction of innovations in the management system. Systematic resolution of these problems will increase the competitiveness of the tourism sector in the region and create conditions for the formation of Nakhchivan as a long-term tourism brand. The results obtained show that innovative management will increase the efficiency of tourism enterprises. The article also analyzes the main directions of application of innovations in tourism management - digital reservation systems, online marketing platforms, electronic services and the implementation of the concept of smart tourism. As a result of the research, it was determined that the application of innovative management methods increases the management efficiency of tourism enterprises, improves service quality and increases the level of satisfaction of tourists. At the same time, the efficient use of local tourism resources, the application of modern management mechanisms and the strengthening of public-private sector cooperation are of great importance for the development of tourism in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. The results of the study show that the application of innovative approaches creates conditions for more effective use of the region's tourism potential, increasing the competitiveness of tourism products and strengthening integration into the international tourism market. Keywords: tourism, innovation, management, digitalization, service quality, development strategy.

The Community Service Program (KKN) organized bythe National University of Education carried the theme "EcoSmart Community" and took place from January 12 to February27 in Pemecutan Village, West Denpasar District, Bali. One of theimplemented work programs was "Health Education throughSocialization and Planting of Family Medicinal Plants (TOGA) atSD No. 3 Pemecutan," which was conducted on January 23, 2026.This program aimed to foster understanding and awareness ofhealth among elementary school students through an educationaland participatory approach with an environmental perspectiveTheactivity consisted of several stages: interactive socialization on theimportance of maintaining health, introduction to the varioustypes and benefits of Family Medicinal Plants (TOGA), and handson practice planting medicinal plants such as ginger, turmeric,aloe vera, and cocor bebek. School land that was previouslyunderutilized was optimized to support these activities. Theexperiential learning method was applied so that students couldlearn directly through real experiences.The results of this activityshowed an increase in students' knowledge about the benefits ofmedicinal plants as an environmentally friendly and easilyaccessible health alternative. Furthermore, the vacant school landwas successfully transformed into a simple TOGA garden, whichnot only holds educational value but also provides ecologicalbenefits. This program contributes to realizing the concept of aneco-smart community through the sustainable use of localresources while instilling healthy living habits from an early age.

The use of conventional plastics, which are difficult to degrade, has caused serious environmental problems, necessitating alternatives in the form of biodegradable plastics (bioplastics). Biofilms are anticipated to address social issues in line with the 12th SDG goal, namely the management and reduction of packaging waste generated daily. By utilizing abundant local cassava starch, the produced biofilms are anticipated to possess good mechanical properties and low water absorption, making them a potential eco-friendly alternative for food packaging while supporting the use of local resources. This study aims to develop cassava starch-based biofilms as environmentally friendly packaging by optimizing the formulation of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and glycerol. The research employs cassava starch as the primary matrix, CMC as a filler to enhance mechanical properties, and glycerol as a plasticizer to improve the flexibility of the biofilm. The research methods include cassava starch extraction, mixing of materials with stirring and heating, and drying the gel into a biofilm. The biofilm's characteristics were analyzed through tensile strength and elongation tests. The results showed that the formula with a cassava starch concentration of 15 grams, 1% CMC, and 6% glycerol yielded the highest tensile strength value of 1.56 MPa, meeting the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) for edible films (≥ 0.392 MPa). The best elongation value reached 199.6%, demonstrating excellent flexibility according to JIS and Indonesian National Standards (SNI). This study indicates that the appropriate combination and concentration of materials can produce biofilms with the potential to replace conventional plastics, support environmental sustainability, and optimally utilize local resources

Impact of a community-based multisectoral intervention on the health of individuals with parkinson's disease and their family caregivers

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of Thai enterprises that implement the green industry concept and to examine appropriate strategic approaches for entrepreneurs who adopt these principles. This study uses documentary research and analyzes secondary data through descriptive analysis, content analysis, SWOT analysis, and the TOWS matrix. The findings indicate that Thai entrepreneurs have integrated green industry practices into their businesses, supported by government policies and incentives. However, they still face challenges, including strong market competition and high investment costs for green technologies. Therefore, strategic planning should focus on the effective use of local natural resources, responding to the increasing demand for sustainable products, building cooperation with governmental and private organizations, and applying cost-efficient green operations to reduce economic pressures on traditional industries. Furthermore, the Thai government should strengthen environmental regulations and provide tax incentives and financial support to businesses that adopt sustainable practices and green technologies.

The use of plants as natural dyes represents important traditional knowledge of the Acehnese people, closely linked to cultural practices, crafts, and the use of local natural resources. However, modernization and synthetic dyes threaten the continuity of these traditions. This study aimed to examine the diversity of natural dye plants and their utilization patterns within Acehnese communities. A qualitative ethnobotanical approach was applied through field observations, semi-structured interviews with key informants, and documentation of dye-producing plant species. Data were analyzed descriptively by grouping plants based on parts used, colors produced, and forms of utilization. The findings show that various local plant species are used as natural dye sources, with leaves, bark, and fruits being the most commonly utilized parts. Utilization patterns are strongly connected to cultural needs and local wisdom in maintaining environmental balance. The study concludes that ethnobotanical knowledge of natural dyes persists despite modernization, highlighting its importance for preserving local knowledge and promoting environmentally friendly dye alternatives in cultural and applied science contexts.

The introduction of livestock into tropical and subtropical forest areas has displaced the original forest vegetation. Posterior surges of secondary vegetation have served as a source of alternative forage to cattle during scarcity periods. The objective of this study was to determine the botanical composition of cows' diet (BCD) and the productive performance of lactating Brown Swiss cows during the dry season. The BCD was determined through microhistological analysis of faecal samples of grazing cows. Grazing areas were sampled to determine morphological and botanical composition (BCP). Forages were sampled to determine their chemical composition. Cows' productive variables were recorded during March, April, and May of 2012. The BCP and BCD consisted of Cynodon plectostachyus and the woody species included Vachellia farnesiana, with smaller proportions of Pithecellobium dulce, Guazuma ulmifolia, and Ficus sp. These forages contributed 63, 48, and 47% of the dry matter, metabolizable energy, and metabolizable protein requirements of the cows. Therefore, it is concluded that alternative forages contributed significantly to addressing nutritional requirements during periods of pasture scarcity. Understanding the botanical composition of the diet of grazing cows allows for the development of management strategies based on the efficient use of local resources.

ABSTRACT Background Adolescent sexual and reproductive health and rights (ASRHR) policy has strengthened globally over the last three decades, but country-level barriers to implementation perpetuate health inequities for adolescent girls. In Vietnam, implementation of ASRHR policy remains challenged by persisting structural and socio-cultural issues and has yet to reduce the high prevalence of adolescent pregnancy in ethnic minority communities. Objective(s) To explore the perspectives of policy makers and service providers in Vietnam regarding the factors influencing the delivery of ASRHR policy for ethnic minority adolescent girls. The research examined professional opinions related to: (1) socio-cultural factors influencing the lives of adolescent girls in Vietnam; (2) current implementation of ASRHR policy for ethnic minority girls; and (3) strengthening ASRHR policy and service delivery for this population. Methods Eleven key informant interviews were conducted across government and civil society, using semi-structured interviews via an online platform. Critical qualitative inquiry guided a reflexive approach to thematic analysis. Results Three themes were constructed. First, conservative patriarchal values, parenting, and particular vulnerabilities of ethnic minority girls underpin health inequities. Second, universal responses to ASRHR policy weaken delivery of services and education in ethnic minority communities and are not responsive to emerging complexities. Third, strengthening ASRHR policy in Vietnam includes provincial level enhancements and better use of civil society resources. Conclusion Key informants strongly supported ASRHR policy in Vietnam and called for improved policy level action to contextualize complexities and better use of available local resources. The recommendations could contribute to strengthening ASRHR policy in Vietnam.

Sustainable agriculture promotes the use of local resources for management and production without diminishing crop profitability. This represents a challenge in the search for new products with lower environmental impact and fertilizer alternatives that meet the nutritional needs of crops. The objective of this study was to develop a tailored amendment, formulated and produced from recovered waste, and to evaluate its effectiveness in meeting the specific needs of the soil and the Vitis vinifera var. Red Globe crop. The amendment was formulated from agro-industrial waste (asparagus residue, four different types of bagasse, cattle manure, and ash) sourced within a 150-km radius from the production facility. Its response in a vineyard —1 ha per treatment— was compared against a mix of cattle and sheep manure (conventional amendment). Quality assessment was performed based on the soil’s physicochemical characteristics during the 615 days after application, and its response to the crop during the first year, using growth and productivity variables. Economic performance was assessed through a cost–benefit comparison of the two amendments transportation, production, application and product sells. The soil fertilized with the designed amendment showed improved nutritional status, with increased organic matter, nitrogen, and cation exchange capacity compared to both the control and pre-fertilization conditions. Vine growth and productivity parameters showed a significant increase in branch length, yield, bunch count per plant, and bunch weight, resulting in an increase of more than 9 Mg of grapes/ha with the designed amendment compared to the conventional one. Economic evaluation revealed a net gain exceeding USD 18,500 per hectare when using the designed amendment instead of the conventional manure, therefore the financial analysis also showed the opportunity for scaling it up in the sector. The designed amendments based on the valorization of agro-industrial waste proved to be an appropriate solution for vineyard fertilization, contributing to improved its productivity and soil quality.

The growing intensity of socio-economic challenges in rural communities, such as limited employment opportunities, low-income levels, and inefficient use of local resources, underscores the need for innovative and multifunctional development strategies. In this context, agrotourism has emerged as an important avenue for diversifying rural economies and promoting sustainable development.