Use Of Contraceptive Implants Research Articles

Hubungan Lamanya Pemakaian KB Implant dengan Kenaikan Berat Badan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Taniwel

Background: Implant is a contraceptive method that only contains progestin with a long working period. The effect of the hormone progesterone facilitates the conversion of carbohydrates and sugars into fat, so that fat under the skin increases, in addition, the hormone progesterone also causes increased appetite and decreases physical activity, as a result, the use of implants can cause weight gain. Continuous weight gain can cause obesity. Objective: to determine the relationship between the duration of use of contraceptive implants and weight gain. Method: quantitative research with a cross-sectional approach. This study was conducted in June 2024. The population of Implant acceptors amounted to 56 people, the sampling technique used total sampling. the analysis test used chi square. Results: Respondents with a duration of use <2 years as many as 17 respondents, the majority did not experience weight gain, namely 13 respondents (23.2%). Respondents with a duration of use of implants ≥ 2 years as many as 39 respondents, the majority experienced weight gain, namely 24 respondents (42.9%). Data analysis obtained 0.009 <0.05 Conclusion: There is a relationship between the length of implant use and weight gain in the Taniwel Health Center work area

Tool Use Contraception Implants on Knowledge of Couples of Childbearing Age in the Mamuju Community Health Center Work Area

The high rate of female deaths due to complications during or after pregnancy and childbirth indicates global inequalities in quality health services. The contraceptive needs of 214 million women of childbearing age in 2017 in developing countries have not been met due to several reasons, including limited access to services, limited choice of methods, side effects, culture, religion and limited information. This research uses an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional study design, which is research to study the dynamics of the correlation between risk factors and effects, using an approach, observational method, or data collection, where the sample is taken using a multistage sampling technique because it is easier to do. This type of multistage sampling is carried out at the regional level in stages. The results of this study show that there is a relationship between the level of knowledge of reproductive age couples and the use of contraceptive implants. From the results of this research, it can be concluded that the level of knowledge influences the attitudes of couples of childbearing age in choosing and determining which contraceptive implants to use currently.

Hubungan Pemakaian Kontrasepsi Implant Dengan Gangguan Haid di Puskesmas Sebangar Riau Tahun 2023

Contraception is an effort to prevent pregnancy. It can be temporary, it can be permanent. Contraceptive use is one of the variables that affect fertility (Wikjosastro, 2012). This study is a descriptive study to see the relationship between the use of contraceptive implants and menstrual disorders at the Sebangar Riau Health Center in 2023. The population in this study is women of childbearing age who use implantable birth control at the Sebangar Riau Health Center in 2023, which is 265 people with a sample of 72 people. The results of the study showed. There is a relationship between the use of birth control implants with menstrual disorders with a chi squre test value of 0.002. It is hoped that health agencies can provide more counseling to implant birth control users so as not to worry if menstrual disorders occur because they are not dangerous.

Use of contraceptive implants at 12 months in women who intended to undergo immediate versus delayed postpartum insertion following high-risk pregnancy.

To assess the correlation between the intention to undergo immediate versus delayed postpartum contraceptive implant insertion following high-risk pregnancy, and the proportion of utilization and adverse effects. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of women who gave birth after a high-risk pregnancy (according to the criteria defined by the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine) and intended to use contraceptive implants. The participants were classified into two groups based on whether they underwent immediate or delayed insertion. The primary outcome was the proportion of utilization of contraceptive implants at 12 months postpartum. We performed multivariate analyses to determine the relationships between the timing of insertion, characteristics, and methods used. Of the 482 women classified as having high-risk pregnancies, 103 intended to use contraceptive implants (54 immediate and 49 delayed insertions). Women in the immediate group were more likely to use contraceptive implants than those in the delayed group at 6 (95.2% vs. 26.2%, P<0.01) and 12 months (92.7% vs. 26.2, P<0.01). A higher proportion of participants in the immediate group reported spotting and prolonged bleeding at 12 months (51.1% vs. 23.8%, P=0.01 and 26.8% vs. 7.1%, P=0.01; respectively). However, satisfaction at 12 months was higher in the immediate group than in the delayed group. Intention to undergo implant insertion during the immediate postpartum period appears to improve the utilization of highly effective contraception. Patients who underwent immediate implantation experienced more spotting, prolonged bleeding, and dysmenorrhea. This study supports the recommendation to provide immediate postpartum contraceptive implants to women following high-risk pregnancies.

Pediatric Resident Perspectives on Long-Acting Reversible Contraception Training: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Trainees

PurposeAlthough pediatricians are primary care providers for most adolescents, pediatric residents receive limited training on long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods. This study aimed to characterize pediatric resident comfort with placing contraceptive implants and intrauterine devices (IUDs) and assess pediatric resident interest in obtaining this training. MethodsPediatric residents in the United States were invited to participate in a survey assessing comfort with LARC methods and interest in LARC training during pediatric residency. Bivariate comparisons used Chi-square and Wilcoxon rank sum testing. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess associations between primary outcomes and covariates including geographic region, training level, and career plans. ResultsSix hundred twenty seven pediatric residents across the United States completed the survey. Participants were predominantly female (68.4%, n = 429), self-identified their race as White (66.1%, n = 412), and anticipated a career in a subspecialty other than Adolescent Medicine (53.0%, n = 326). Most residents were confident counseling patients on the risks and benefits, side effects, and effective use of contraceptive implants (55.6%, n = 344) and both hormonal and nonhormonal IUDs (53.0%, n = 324). Few residents reported comfort with inserting contraceptive implants (13.6%, n = 84) or IUDs (6.3%, n = 39), with most of these respondents having learned these skills as a medical student. Most participants believed that residents should receive training on insertion of contraceptive implants (72.3%, n = 447) and IUDs (62.5%, n = 374). DiscussionAlthough most pediatric residents believe LARC training should be a component of pediatric residency training, few pediatric residents are comfortable with provision of this care.

Factors Predicting Intention to Use Contraceptive Implants Among Pregnant Adolescents in Lower Southern Thailand: A Cross-sectional Study

Repeat pregnancy among adolescents is a major problem which affects maternal health, families, and the country. The repeated pregnant adolescent rate in Thailand is still higher than 10%, the goal of the Ministry of Public Health. It has been found that the occurrence of repeat pregnancies among adolescents is higher in lower southern Thailand than in any other region of the country. This cross-sectional study examined the level of intention to use contraceptive implants and its influencing factors among pregnant adolescents. Participants were 319 pregnant adolescents who received antenatal care at three secondary care hospitals and one tertiary care hospital in lower southern Thailand. The instruments used to collect data included eight questionnaires: (1) Demographic and Obstetric Data Form, (2) Attitude Toward Contraceptive Implants Questionnaire, (3) Subjective Norm Toward Contraceptive Implants Questionnaire, (4) Perceived Behavioral Control Toward Contraceptive Implants Questionnaire, (5) Knowledge about Contraceptive Implants Questionnaire, (6) Life Goal Setting Scale, (7) Fear of Side Effects of Contraceptive Implants Questionnaire, and (8) Intention to Use Contraceptive Implants Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation test, and simultaneous multiple regression analysis.The result showed that intention to use contraceptive implants was at a moderate level. Perceived behavioral control toward contraceptive implants was the strongest predictor overall, which together with attitude toward contraceptive implants and subjective norm toward contraceptive implants, significantly explained 34.4% of the variance in intention to usecontraceptive implants. The results of this study could serve as a basis for developing nursing programs to promote intention to use contraceptive implants in pregnant adolescents in lower southern Thailand by providing them with positive attitudes and perceived behavioral control regarding intention to use contraceptive implants, along with coordination with family members who support the use of contraceptive implants.

Socio-economic drivers and effects of contraceptive usage on breast cancer among women in Nigeria.

Certain types of contraceptives might have adverse effects on women's health including the possibility of causing breast cancer (BC). Furthermore, the types of contraceptives used might depend on the socioeconomic status of women. The triangular linkage of socioeconomic factors, contraceptives, and some factors causing BC among women are scarce in the literature, especially in developing countries. Consequently, the objectives of the study are to investigate the socio-economic drivers of BC and assess effects of contraceptive on BC among women in Nigeria. Cross-sectional data were collected on a one-off participant at a particular point in time using questionnaires on 200 women with confirmed cases of BC in Southwest, Nigeria, on a continuous visitation to the hospitals over six months. Structural equation modeling (SEM) with strong evidence from path analysis was adopted to achieve the objectives. Exploratory factors analysis was adopted to identify the socio-economic factors. The study analysed certain socioeconomic pre-determinants of BC through the use of contraceptives among women in Southwest Nigeria. The study provided evidence that some tested socioeconomic factors influence women in the use of contraceptive implants (C2) and oral contraceptives (C3), at a 1% level of significance. While about 76.8% of variations in socio-economic factors cause women to adopt a contraceptive implant, 81.1% of socioeconomic factors cause women to adopt oral contraceptives. Again, the result further provided evidence that socioeconomic factors (CCT) are strong determinants of BC at a 1% level of significance. Given the women-specific peculiarities, implanted contraceptives and oral contraceptives should be carefully administered by medical scientists.

Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Pemakaian Kontrasepsi Implant Di Puskesmas Dana Mulya Kabupaten Banyuasin Tahun 2021

Contraception is an effort to prevent or block fertilization or the meeting between egg and sperm so that a temporary or permanent pregnancy does not occur by using a device, Implant is an effective method of hormonal contraception, not permanent and can prevent pregnancy between three to five year. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between Fear of Side Effects, Sources of Information, Husband's Support and Knowledge simultaneously with the use of Contraceptive Implants in Nunggal Sari Village, Dana Mulya Health Center, Banyuasin Regency in 2021. The research design that will be used in this study is descriptive analytic. with a cross sectional approach. This research was carried out in Nunggal Sari Village, Dana Mulya Public Health Center, Banyuasin Regency. The sample in this study amounted to 70 respondents. The results of Univariate analysis showed that of the 70 respondents who used implant contraceptives, 29 respondents (41.4%) and 41 respondents (58.6%) did not use implant contraceptives. From the results of the Chi-Square test, p.value is 0.026 &lt; = 0.05 on the variable fear of side effects, the husband's support variable p.value 0.000 &lt; = 0.05, the source of information variable p.value 0.000 &lt; = 0, 05 dab knowledge variable p.value 0.000 &lt; = 0.05 states that there is a statistically proven relationship between the fear of side effects, family support, sources of information and knowledge with the use of implant contraceptives. The suggestions in this study are intended for the leadership of the Puskesmas. This research can be used as input in order to increase the coverage of implant contraceptive participants, especially in the Dana Mulya Health Center Work Area, Banyuasin Regency.

Persepsi Mempengaruhi Rendahnya Pemakaian Kontrasepsi Implan

Indonesia, there are relatively few users of contraceptive implant methods compared to other types of contraception, although implants have a higher level of effectiveness than other contraceptives. The government has made various efforts but to no avail. The purpose of the study was to determine the factors that influence the low use of contraceptive implants at the Minasa Upa Health Center in Makassar City. The research method is an analytic survey with a "cross-sectional study" method and sampling using a simple random sampling technique of 67 people. The study was conducted in MarchMay 2021 using a questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chisquare test = 0.05. The results showed that the phi value of perceived significance was p=0.001(p&gt;0.05), socioeconomic p=0.756 (p&gt;0.05), and the anxiety factor was p=0.369 (p&gt;0.05). So it is known that perception has a significant relationship with the low use of contraceptive implants methods, while socioeconomic and anxiety factors do not have a significant relation. Therefore, it is recommended for health workers to conduct regular counseling about contraception, especially contraceptive implant methods, to increase mothers' knowledge so that negative perceptions of contraceptive implant methods can be reduced.

Practical training of health care providers in insertion of contraceptive implants: findings from two Brazilian centres

Background and objectives Lack of information and myths or inadequate training of health care providers in the guidance and management of contraceptives could negatively affect choice and eventually continuation rates. Our objectives were to evaluate the impact of clinical and theoretical training of health care professionals on insertion and removal of etonogestrel (ENG)-implant regarding this contraceptive, including pre- and post-training knowledge about insertion and removal techniques, clinical characteristics, side effects and outcomes. Material and methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in which a questionnaire was sent to health care providers after they received clinical training in the management of ENG-implant. Results After training, 78.2% of the 139 participants initiated to offer and inserted up to 5 implants/month and 17.6% between 6 to 10/month. None of the interviewees reported having difficulty with insertions after training, and 87.9% reported feeling very confident for removal. Conclusion Theoretical and practical training appeared important to prepare health care professionals, clarify doubts and promote higher rates of use of contraceptive implants in Brazil, contributing to reduce the rates of unintended pregnancies.

The Use of Contraceptive Implant Method for Family Planning in East Java (Data Analysis of 2015 SUSENAS)

One of the problems being faced by Indonesia is the population explosion. The increasing population is a result of the increasing birth rate. To lower thebirth rate the use of long acting contraceptive methods is being promoted. Based on data from SDKI 2012, the percentage of the the use of contraceptives in East Java is still dominated by the use of short acting contraceptive methods (80.99 percent). Meanwhile the long acting contraceptive methods are still lacking in use. One type of long acting contraceptive methods is implant. This study is aimed at exploring the factors that influence the use of implants in the East Java Province based on data from SUSENAS 2015. This is a non-reactive study which used a secondary data analysis with a cross-sectional design. The sample was taken from the data of female respondents of SUSENAS 2015 who were 15–49 years old, used implant methods and lived in East Java. Chi square test and logistic regression were used to analyze the data.The results showed that women who were 30 years of age or older (OR = 3.653), had at least three children (OR = 2.563) and had previous experinces with modern contraceptives (OR = 0.109) affected the use of contraceptive implant methods in East Java. It is expected that by conducting education and socialization on the use of contraceptive implants for family planning to couples at reproductive ages, the use of contraceptive implants can be more optimized.

The Use of Contraceptive Implant Method for Family Planning in East Java (Data Analysis of 2015 SUSENAS)

One of the problems being faced by Indonesia is the population explosion. The increasing population is a result of the increasing birth rate. To lower thebirth rate the use of long acting contraceptive methods is being promoted. Based on data from SDKI 2012, the percentage of the the use of contraceptives in East Java is still dominated by the use of short acting contraceptive methods (80.99 percent). Meanwhile the long acting contraceptive methods are still lacking in use. One type of long acting contraceptive methods is implant. This study is aimed at exploring the factors that influence the use of implants in the East Java Province based on data from SUSENAS 2015. This is a non-reactive study which used a secondary data analysis with a cross-sectional design. The sample was taken from the data of female respondents of SUSENAS 2015 who were 15–49 years old, used implant methods and lived in East Java. Chi square test and logistic regression were used to analyze the data.The results showed that women who were 30 years of age or older (OR = 3.653), had at least three children (OR = 2.563) and had previous experinces with modern contraceptives (OR = 0.109) affected the use of contraceptive implant methods in East Java. It is expected that by conducting education and socialization on the use of contraceptive implants for family planning to couples at reproductive ages, the use of contraceptive implants can be more optimized.

Hubungan Pengetahuan Akseptor Kb terhadap Pemakaian Kontrasepsi Implan di Kota Palembang Tahun 2017

Data of Health Office of Palembang City Year 2014, from 16 sub districts in Palembang city, there are 4 districts which proportion of new KB 0% implant participants, ie District Ilir Barat II, Plaju, Kalidoni and Sematang Borang where from 4 Subdistricts have 6 Puskesmas with each of the proportion of participants of new KB Implants also 0% Sie Makrayu Health Center, Plaju, Bukit Sangkal, Kalidoni, Sei Selincah and Sematang Borang. This study aims to know the relation of knowledge of acceptor of KB to implant contraception usage in Palembang city year 2017. This research design is analytic survey with Cross sectional approach. The population used by the researcher is the family planning acceptors who are in the working area of ​​Makrayu Health Center, Plaju, Sarang Hill, Kalidoni, Sei Selincah and Sematang Borang City of Palembang in 2017 and the sample number is 30 respondents. Sampling technique using Simple Random Sampling approach. Bivariate analysis using chi square statistical test (α = 0,05). The instrument used for data collection is a questionnaire conducted at 6 health centers in Palembang city. The results obtained p value 0.002 &lt;α (0.05), it shows that there is a relationship between the knowledge of respondents with the use of contraceptive implants in Palembang City Year 2017. Test results also obtained OR = 3,143. The conclusion of this research is that there is a correlation between the knowledge of respondents with the use of contraceptive implants in Palembang City in 2017. It is expected to build positive information about KB Implant by involving the role of health cadres through extension activities and dissemination of information about the success of Implant use.

Integration of contraceptive services into anticoagulation management services improves access to long-acting reversible contraception

ObjectiveIntegration of services is a promising way to improve access to contraception in sub-Saharan Africa, but few studies have evaluated this strategy to increase access to contraception among women requiring anticoagulation. Our objective was to evaluate a model of care integrating contraceptive counseling and provision within an anticoagulation management clinic in Eldoret, Kenya, to determine the impact on long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) use. Study designWe performed a prospective observational study of reproductive-age women referred for integrated services from the anticoagulation management clinic at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital from March 2015 to March 2016. All participants received disease-specific contraceptive counseling and provision, free reversible methods (excluding hormonal intrauterine devices [IUDs]) and follow-up care. We compared LARC use 3 months postintervention to preintervention using the proportions test. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors related to use of contraceptive implants and copper IUDs. ResultsOf 190 participants, 171 (90%) completed 3-month follow-up. There was a significant increase in contraceptive implant use from 10% to 19%, p=.02, and injectable contraceptive use from 14% to 24%, p=.013. There was a concomitant decrease in the use of no method/abstinence from 57% to 39% (33% decrease, p<.001). Younger age, having at least one child and discussing family planning with a partner were predictive of LARC use. ConclusionIntegrating contraceptive services into an anticoagulation management clinic increases the use of highly effective contraception for women with cardiovascular disease. Implementation of similar models of care should be evaluated within other sites for chronic disease management. ImplicationsA model of care integrating contraceptive counseling and provision into anticoagulation management services is an effective strategy to improve LARC and overall highly effective contraceptive use among women with cardiovascular disease requiring anticoagulation. This model of care may be utilized to prevent maternal morbidity and mortality among this high-risk population.

Time-to-Pregnancy and Associated Factors among Couples with Natural Planned Conception in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Waiting time-to-pregnancy (TTP) of couples is closely related to fecundability. Knowledge on TTP helps clinicians to individualize care for sub-fertility/infertility. Published studies on TTP are very limited in African setting. This cross-sectional study assessed TTP and associated factors among couples with natural planned conception in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Data was collected interviewing a representative sample of 1150 pregnant women. The mean and median TTPs were 6.4 (±9.4) and 3.0 months respectively. Only 11.8% (136/1,150) achieved pregnancy in the first month of attempt. Majority, 81.7% (938/1,150), achieved pregnancy by 12 months. The odds of sub-fecundity (TTP more than 12 months) was lowest in age group of 25-29 years (AOR 0.37; 95% CI 0.20-0.70). Women working more than 60 hours/week (AOR 1.87; 95% CI 1.02-3.42), who drink more than 3 cups of coffee/day (AOR 1.87; 95% CI 1.02-3.42), and whose partners chew khat (AOR 1.66; 95% CI 1.06-2.60) had significantly higher odds of sub-fecundity. Use of contraceptive implants (AOR 0.28; 95% CI 0.15-0.51) and pills (AOR 0.53; 95% CI 0.32-0.89) before the index pregnancy had significantly lower odds of sub-fecundity. This study did not consider amount, duration and frequency of khat chewing, hence its dose dependent effect on fecundability/TTP needs further investigation.

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Intensive Group Learning and On-Site Services to Improve Sexual and Reproductive Health Among Young Adults in Liberia: A Randomized Evaluation of HealthyActions.

Young Liberians, particularly undereducated young adults, face substantial sexual and reproductive health (SRH) challenges, with low uptake of contraceptive methods, high rates of unintended pregnancy, and low levels of knowledge about HIV status. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of a 6-day intensive group learning intervention combined with on-site SRH services (called HealthyActions) among out-of-school young adults, implemented through an existing alternative education program, on uptake of contraception and HIV testing and counseling (HTC). The intervention was implemented among young women and men ages 15-35 who were enrolled in alternative basic education learning sites in 5 counties of Liberia. We conducted a randomized evaluation to assess program impact. Baseline data were collected in January-March 2014, and endline data in June-July 2014. Key outcomes of condom use, contraceptive use, and HTC were estimated with difference-in-difference models using fixed effects. All analyses were conducted in Stata 13. We assessed outcomes for 1,157 learners at baseline and 1,052 learners at endline, across 29 treatment and 26 control sites. After adjusting for potential confounders, learners in the HealthyActions intervention group were 12% less likely to report never using a condom with a regular partner over the last month compared with the control group (P = .02). Female learners who received HealthyActions were 13% more likely to use any form of modern contraception compared with learners in control sites (P<.001), with the greatest increase in the use of contraceptive implants. Learners in HealthyActions sites were 45% more likely to have received HTC (P<.001). Providing intensive group learning in a supportive environment coupled with on-site health services improved SRH outcomes among participating learners. The focus of HealthyActions on participatory learning for low-literacy populations presents an adaptable solution for health programming across Liberia and the region.

Six-month and 1-year continuation rates following postpartum insertion of implants and intrauterine devices

ObjectiveStudies show immediate postpartum (PP) insertion increases use of contraceptive implants and intrauterine devices (IUDs). Our objective was to compare the satisfaction and continuation rates of the two types of devices at 6 months and 1 year following PP insertion. Study DesignWe enrolled 133 women in a prospective cohort study following immediate PP insertion of an implant or IUD at two academic hospitals during 8 months of 2011. Subjects completed an enrollment survey during hospital admission and a follow-up phone survey 6 months and 1 year PP. ResultsAt 6 months PP, 72% of subjects provided follow-up information. Implant users were more likely to be using the originally-placed device (40/41, 98% vs. 45/55, 82%, p=0.02); nine women reported IUD expulsions. When accounting for replacement of expelled IUDs, IUD continuation at 6 months was 89% yielding similar continuation rates between groups (p=0.12). At 1 year PP, 51% provided follow-up. Of those, 82% still had a LARC method in place with similar continuation by device type (84% for implants, 81% for IUDs, p=0.96). Overall, satisfaction was similarly high in both groups. ConclusionDue to IUD expulsion, implants had a higher continuation rate than IUDs six months following immediate PP insertion. After replacement of expelled IUDs, continuation and satisfaction were similar for both devices at 6 months and 1 year. ImplicationsPlacement of implants and IUDs immediately PP can lead to high satisfaction. Despite early IUD expulsions, continuation rates were similar to those placed outside of the immediate PP period.

Does same-day initiation of subdermal implants increase the risk of luteal phase pregnancies?

We would like to thank the amazing staff of the BC4U clinic and the Colorado Initiative to Reduce Unintended Pregnancy for providing funds to support the BC4U clinic. 1. Committee opinion no 450: Increasing use of contraceptive implants and intrauterine devices to reduce unintended pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Oct;124(4):863-6. References Study flow and pregnancies Contraceptive implants are one of the most effective contraceptives and are recommended as a first-line method because they require a single act of motivation for long-term use, eliminating adherence and user-dependence from the effectiveness equation. 1 Same-day contraceptive initiation at any time in the cycle (QuickStart; QS) is effective at overcoming many barriers which delays starting a new method but, there is a small risk of luteal phase pregnancy.

Effect of concurrent use of anti-retroviral therapy and levonorgestrel sub-dermal implant for contraception on CD4 counts: a prospective cohort study in Kenya.

IntroductionSimultaneous use of contraceptive hormones and anti-retroviral therapy (ART) may theoretically lessen the effectiveness of both. Women on ART need assurance that hormonal contraception is safe and effective. The sub-dermal implant is an ideal product to study: low and steady progestin release and no adherence uncertainties. We sought to determine if the medications’ effectiveness is compromised.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study among women on first line ART (stavudine or zidovudine and lamivudine+nevirapine). We recruited new implant users and matched them to women not using hormonal contraception, based on age and baseline CD4. Participants were followed prospectively for up to two years, recording serial CD4 measures and medical histories. We used generalized growth curve models and Wald chi-square tests to compare changes in CD4 counts across study groups. Prospective CD4 measures were censored (excluded) if any of the following events occurred: change in ART, implant removal or use of any hormonal contraception among controls. We examined incidence of opportunistic infection and pregnancy.ResultsWe matched 48 implant users to 33 non-hormonal controls. Over time, CD4 counts for both groups rose slightly but did not deviate significantly from each other (p=0.44). Opportunistic infection rates did not differ between the groups. None of the implant users and one of the non-hormonal controls became pregnant during follow-up.ConclusionsThis small study found concurrent use of contraceptive implants and ART to be safe and effective. Although other hormonal contraceptive products and ART regimens may interact in unknown ways, the results of this study are reassuring.