Biomass Energy Use Research Articles

Atlas of Microscopic Images of Raw Biomass Used in Fuel Production

As nations strive toward achieving sustainability and reducing reliance on fossil fuels, biomass has emerged as an indispensable component of worldwide energy portfolios. Biomass, derived from organic materials such as plants, agricultural residues, forestry byproducts, and organic waste, is a renewable energy source and abundant resource with significant potential across various sectors. Responsible biomass energy production can aid in waste management, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and mitigate environmental pollution by utilizing organic materials that would otherwise be discarded. With the anticipated growth in biomass use for energy, it is essential to establish analytical techniques for assessing the quality of the fuel feedstock materials. This will enable to better comprehend the implications of using biomass fuels on public health and our ecosystem. One such technique is reflected light microscopy, which has the potential to significantly enhance the conventional (physical and chemical) quality assessment of biomass-derived fuels. This technique enables rapid observations of material constituents and identification of impurities, and it can be applied not only to fuels but also to biomass-based pellets used in animal feed and bedding. Given the scarcity of publicly accessible microscopic images of biomass materials, the “Atlas of Microscopic Images of Raw Biomass” fills this gap by offering a comprehensive collection of 553 images. These photomicrographs capture the optical characteristics of a diverse array of biomass feedstock, demonstrating unique morphological and structural features. This visual documentation can serve as a valuable resource for researchers, industry professionals, educators, and enthusiasts interested in investigating the complexities of biomass forms.

Household residential energy choices in green transition: insights from a household survey in rural China.

It has been widely recognized that accelerating green residential energy transition from traditional solid fuels (biomass and coal) to clean and high-efficient energy sources is critical for rural sustainable development. However, little attention has been paid to estimate panel data discrete choice models to analyze the dynamic behavior information of individual households in the process of energy transition. Hence, this paper investigates green residential energy transition using a panel dataset from 3308 rural households in eight provinces of China in 2015 and 2018. The results show that although traditional solid biomass still plays a dominating role in rural residential energy choice, fuel switching from solid fuels to modern clean energy alternatives is taking place. Off-farm employment plays an important role in the transition towards more sustainable energy sources, as households with off-farm employed heads and higher off-farm income level are highly likely to choose superior energy alternatives other than traditional biomass. Besides, the educational level of the household head and household location are also important influencing factors of household residential energy choices. Based on these findings, this paper suggests that job creation in non-farm sectors should be given a priority in future policy design to promote rural green energy transition in residential sector. North-south differences should be taken into account, whereas more policy options for optimizing biomass energy use should be explored.

Biomass Accumulation, Soil Fertility and Energy Use in Seed Crop Systems of Velvet Bean (Mucuna Pruriens L.)

ABSTRACT Seed crop production systems of velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens L.) were assessed in two field studies for ecosystem services. At flowering stage, long duration genotype Arka Shubra was significantly superior in biomass accumulation (14.61 t ha−1), while 100% recommended NPK + 15 t FYM ha−1 registered significantly higher biomass production (11.74 t ha−1). Biomass availability at harvest was higher in long duration genotypes (7.48–7.75 t ha−1) and the average biomass availability of 6.45 t ha−1 at harvest gives scope for including velvet bean as component crop in cropping systems/fallows. The average soil carbon stocks were estimated at 22.8 t ha−1 at the end of 2 yrs and 12.4 t ha−1 at the end of one crop season. Soil nutrient availability was optimum except for soil test P in pre-, standing and post crop growth periods. Highly significant relations (R 2 = 0.949) were observed between nodule number and available N at harvest. The N availability was more in long duration genotypes (209–215 kg N ha−1) over pre-experimental status. Nutrient addition improved the available N status by 40–185 kg ha−1 over pre-experimental status and control. The nutrient uptake was 4–10% higher in Arka Shubra over other long duration genotypes and 100–200% higher over medium/short duration genotypes at flowering. The recyclable biomass and uptake of NPK are more in long duration genotypes implying huge nutrient recycling potential of the system. Overall, seed crop systems of velvet bean are efficient in resource use and energy use (>2.5 EUE) and ideal components for sustainable land management.

Cropping Systems Diversification as an Approach to Enhancing Crop Productivity: A Review

Agricultural intensification increased crop productivity but simplified production with lower diversity of cropping systems, higher genetic uniformity, and a higher uniformity of agricultural landscapes. Associated detrimental effects on the environment and biodiversity as well as the resilience and adaptability of cropping systems to climate change are of growing concern. Crop diversification may stabilize productivity of cropping systems and reduce negative environmental impacts and loss of biodiversity, but a shared understanding of crop diversification including approaches towards a more systematic research is lacking. The current review highlights the use of Cropping Systems Diversification as an Approach to Enhancing Crop Productivity. Crop diversification can be considered as an attempt to increase the diversity of crops through, e.g. crop rotation, multiple cropping or intercropping, compared to specialized farming with the aim to improve the productivity, stability and delivery of ecosystem services. It can be one measure to develop more sustainable production systems, develop value-chains for minor crops. Crop diversification practices can include higher crop diversity, more diverse crop, mixed cropping; cultivation of grain legumes in otherwise cereal dominated systems, perennial leys or grassland and regionally adapted varieties or variety mixtures. Crop diversification and/or additional diversification measures like variation of seeding time or changing cropping patterns have the potential to lead to higher and more stable yields, increase profitability and lead to greater resilience of agro-ecosystems in the long term. These practices have the potential to make cropping systems more diverse in space, time and genetics. Through a balanced portfolio approach to agricultural sustainability, cropping system performance can be optimized in multiple dimensions, including food and biomass production, profit, energy use, pest management, and environmental impacts.

Does the Daily Light Integral Influence the Sowing Density of Tomato Plug Seedlings in a Controlled Environment?

To achieve high-density tomato seedlings in a plant factory with artificial lighting, tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum Mill. cv. “Zhongza NO.9”) were used as the experimental material. This study expected to analyze the effects of light intensity (150, 200, 250, and 300 μmol·m−2·s−1) and light time (12 and 14 h), as well as daily light integral (DLI, 10.80, 12.60, and 12.96 mol·m−2·d−1) and sowing density (50, 72, and 105 holes per tray), on seedling quality. The results indicated that biomass accumulation, seedling quality, and energy use efficiency of seedlings significantly improved with an increase in DLI. At a DLI of 12.96 mol·m−2·d−1, seedlings sown at a density of 72 holes per tray exhibited comparable growth characteristics and biomass accumulation to those sown at 50 holes per tray. However, under lower DLIs, seedlings at 50 holes per tray displayed superior growth morphology and seedling quality compared to those at 72 holes per tray. This indicates that increasing the DLI can partially mitigate the negative effects of higher sowing density on seedling quality. Light use efficiency (LUE) and energy use efficiency (EUE) were not significantly different between seedlings at 72 and 105 holes per tray but were higher than those at 50 holes per tray. Therefore, optimizing parameters such as DLI and sowing density can effectively enhance the seedling quality, spatial use efficiency, and light use efficiency in industrial seedling production. Based on the results of this study, a DLI of 12.96 mol·m−2·d−1 (achieved with a light intensity of 300 μmol·m−2·s−1 and a light time of 12 h) and sowing density of 72 holes per tray are recommended for cultivating high-quality tomato seedlings while reducing energy consumption.

Carbon Cycle Models Quantify for a Green and Low-Carbon Economy

CO2 emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels represent the largest anthropogenic disruption of the natural global carbon cycle and lead to an undesirable increase in atmospheric CO2 levels. The so-called "carbon-neutral" renewable energy source biomass appears to be a promising replacement for fossil fuels. The "Combined Energy and Biosphere Model" (CEBM), was developed as a method for calculating the atmospheric CO2 content after intensive use of biomass. It includes (i) a biosphere part computing the annual cycle of carbon in the biosphere on 2,433 grid elements covering the continents’ plant mass and soil, as well as (ii) an energy economic part for calculating the fossil CO2 emissions of 119 countries. As the history of understanding the carbon cycle (including quantification of plant growth and decay by formulae, inclusion of deforestation, fossil fuel use and the fertilizer effect) shows, such a global carbon cycle model (as the CEBM) provides the needed methodology to assess the net effects of large-scale biomass energy use on the plant’s atmosphere. Results show that biomass (in a systemic view) is “only half as carbon neutral” as previously thought, even on a principal level. The conclusions indicate that (even if biomass is a valuable mitigation strategy) its global potential is limited. When interpreting CEBM scenarios, as a very first priority, reducing the current annual increase in energy demand is most highly needed for preserving climate.

Cooking Energy Systems and their Effect on Environmental Sustainability in Dodoma, Tanzania: A Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) Synthesis

Consumption of energy for various uses including cooking, has various effects on the welfare of the environment. In developing countries where the majority rely on traditional biomass, cooking energy systems entail multiple disruptions to environmental sustainability. The objective of this paper is to integrate the prevailing cooking energy use systems of Dodoma region and environmental sustainability. The study uses the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework to synthesize the two circumstances. Two sites, one rural and one urban were selected for data collection. The study adopted a case study design. Mixed methods were used to gather and analyze the data. Probability and non-probability sampling techniques were employed in the selection of the respondents. The target population was the households. The sample size constitutes 210 households. Methods of data collection included survey, in-depth interview, focus group discussion and non-participant observation. Semi structure questionnaires, interview guides and focus group discussion Results reveal a significant proportion of the population (72.4%) using biomass energy for cooking. Disaggregated data expose the rural setting to have relatively higher proportions (89. %) as opposed to the urban (53.1%). The study further noted that persistent use of biomass energy is influenced by availability, accessibility, and affordability. Moreover, many households have been using inefficient stoves which lead to the consumption of large quantities of energy. A transition from firewood to charcoal in the rural area, and a thriving charcoal business in the urban have contributed to the clearance of forests and chopping off huge trees in the rural (the source area). These have led to the gradual disappearance of certain tree species. The study found no deliberate efforts at the individual or community level to restore environmental sustainability despite all the alarming indicators. Even though there are institutional frameworks, it was very hard to establish the duties and responsibilities of the institutions regarding the responses. The study concludes that there is a long way to go before biomass energy is abandoned, therefore individuals, communities and the government to take action to safeguard the environment for the benefit of the current and future generations.

Assessment of Biomass Energy Potential for Biogas Technology Adoption and Its Determinant Factors in Rural District of Limmu Kossa, Jimma, Ethiopia

Increasing clean energy access for the rural population of developing countries is a priority to meet the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals-Zero hunger and affordable modern/clean energy for all. Similarly, to meet this goal, Ethiopia moved towards the development of renewable energy. However, there is a limited knowledge on the biomass energy potential for biogas technology adoption at the local/district level. Thus, this study aimed at assessing the biomass energy potential for biogas technology adoption and its determinant factors among rural households in Limmu Kossa district, Ethiopia. Data was collected from 411 households from 13–24 June 2021. The quantitative data was analyzed using Statistical software Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23 and Microsoft Word-Excel. The qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis. The study showed that over 96% of households rely on the traditional use of biomass energy for cooking. Nevertheless, on average, about 1 m3 of biogas energy can be potentially available from livestock dung and human excreta per household per day. However, the huge potential of biomass energy did not contribute to improved energy technologies such as biogas. The adoption of biogas is hampered by the non-functionality of the installed biogas, a lack of awareness, the availability of firewood, and the socio-economic characteristics of the households. Thus, improving the awareness of the community, arranging financial access, and training biogas technicians, especially from the local community, would increase the adoption of the technology. However, meeting the digester water demand with the water collected from the walking distances of 15–20 min can be challenging. Community-based biogas digesters or biogas involving income generation with a water supply around the digester would be a better and more sustainable option for biogas energy adoption and use.

Evaluation of the Energy Use of Pruning Dipteryx alata Trees

Pruning is equivalent to the removal of whole branches or parts, living or dead, of a plant, to promote balance in the development of the species, therefore, the generation of waste portrays an indispensable and ever-present consequence. The residues derived from pruning come from silvicultural treatments and evidently have great potential to be used in energy generation. Briquetting, in addition to its energy advantage and practicality, collaborates with the mitigation of environmental impacts from encouraging the use of renewable energies to reducing the emission of greenhouse gases, as they are strongly recommended for replacing fossil coal. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the possibility, related to quality and productivity, of the energy use of residual biomass from urban pruning of Dipteryx alata, focusing on the production of briquettes, thus encouraging further studies related to native species of the Cerrado and the use of renewable energy. The contents of volatile materials, ash and fixed carbon, higher calorific value, basic and energetic density were determined, and briquettes were produced in a laboratory briquetting machine. The quality of the briquettes was determined through physical-mechanical analyses: apparent density, durability, tensile strength by diametral compression and expansion. The energy density of the biomass had a considerable increase after briquetting, confirming the increase in energy concentration per unit volume in densified materials. Therefore, it was concluded that the use of urban pruning residues of Dipteryx alata proved to be suitable for making briquettes to produce renewable and sustainable energy.

Исследование параметров производства гранулированного топлива из торфа

Granulation technology is becoming an increasingly attractive one for the energy use of biomass. The problem to find a suitable method of compaction of various types of biomasses has existed for decades. The purpose of this study is to select the optimal mode to produce pellets from peat fuel. Peat samples collected in the Mezen district of the Arkhangelsk region have been selected as the data for study. Elemental analysis of the studied samples of peat and peat pellets has been carried out using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy on an EDX-8000 spectrometer. Experiments on peat granulation have been carried out in a press granulator of the German company Amandus Kahl. The authors describe the procedure of selection of the operating mode of a press granulator to produce pellets from peat fuel. Optimal regime of pellets production has been selected corresponding to the national standard. An elemental analysis of the studied samples of peat and peat pellets has been carried out using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The results have shown that the ash content of peat fuel from the Arkhangelsk region is no more than 2 %. Production of environmentally friendly high-calorific pellets from peat corresponding to the National Russian standards allows increasing the energy potential of the Arkhangelsk region. When converting peat into the pellets, the content of carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen (C+N+H) increases, and the content of sulfur and oxygen (O+S) decreases, which leads to the increase of the heat of fuel combustion. Advantages of the use of peat to produce energy are low sulfur content, low ash content and high softening ash temperature.

Determinants of Household Energy Use for Cooking in Tanzania

Abstract This article aims to examine determinants that influence the choice of energy fuel for cooking among households in Tanzania mainland. The study employed descriptive and inferential statistics to analyse data from the 2017/18 Tanzania Household Budget Survey. Regarding the main source of energy used for cooking descriptive statistics revealed that the majority (66.5%) of the households use firewood for cooking and 24.6% use charcoal while only 8.8% use other (non-biomass fuels). This indicates that the majority (91.1%) relies on traditional fuel(biomass) for Cooking in Tanzania. Based on Inferential statistics, the chi-square test found that all independent variables except Marital status and income variables were statistically significant predictors of the study dependent variable in Tanzania at a 5 per cent significant level. On the other hand, multinomial logistic model results showed that households with few members, younger heads, male-headed, not employed heads, heads having a higher level of education, located in urban and married heads were less likely to use firewood and charcoal as the main fuel type for cooking than the other types of energy such as electricity, kerosene, industrial gas, coal, generator, and solar. The researcher recommends the use of these findings in formulating appropriate policies to improve access to affordable modern energy to lessen the environmental and health impact of biomass energy use. Keywords: Households Traditional energy, Modern Energy fuel, Multinomial Logistic Model

Performance of greenhouse effect-hybrid type tray dryer in drying cloves

The open sun drying method needs to be improved. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the greenhouse effect hybrid (GHE-hybrid) type tray dryer using solar and biomass energy in drying cloves as a sustainable dryer for future. The dryer has 10 series of thin layers at gap of 10cm and each layer contains of 4 separated trays by 0.80m x 0.75m cross-section. We had run 2 experiments at capacity of 72 and 244kg, respectively. Results showed that increasing the drying capacity will prolong the drying time. The low solar irradiation will also increase the use of biomass energy and the input energy in the system was dominated by biomass energy at level of 75%. The drying temperature ranged from 37 to 46°C. The humidity was relatively high while the air velocity in drying chamber was lower than 0.68m/s and non-uniformly distributed. The moisture of cloves was reduced below 14% in both experiment after 3 and 6 days drying, respectively. The thermal efficiency was about 14 to 15% and the drying efficiency was 17%. The use of GHE-hybrid dryer is promising to be used by farmers sustainably. However, the dryer needs some improvement on air circulation system.

Biomass for power and energy generation

Biomass is a scientific term for living matter, more specifically any organic matter that has been derived from plants as a result of the photosynthetic conversion process. The word biomass is also used to denote the products derived from living organisms – wood from trees, harvested grasses, plant parts, and residues such as stems and leaves, as well as aquatic plants. The solid biomass processing facility may also generate process heat and electric power. As more efficient bioenergy technologies are developed, fossil fuel inputs will be reduced; biomass and its by-products can also be used as sources for fuelling many energy needs. The energy value of biomass from plant matter originally comes from solar energy through the process known as photosynthesis. In nature, all biomass ultimately decomposes to its elementary molecules with the release of heat. During conversion processes such as combustion, biomass releases its energy, often in the form of heat, and the carbon is re-oxidised to carbon dioxide to replace that which was absorbed while the plant was growing. Essentially the use of biomass for energy is the reversal of photosynthesis.

The asymmetric effect of biomass energy use on environmental quality: empirical evidence from the Congo Basin

The asymmetric effect of biomass energy use on environmental quality: empirical evidence from the Congo Basin

Household energy systems based on biomass: Tracing material flows from source to service in rural Ethiopia

Biomass remains the most important energy carrier of rural households in low- and middle-income countries, but its indoor combustion has grave impacts on human health and its extraction is associated with negative effects on ecosystems. Currently, robust and comprehensive data are lacking to trace biomass flows from ecosystems to consumption in households and quantify the related services. This impedes analyses of the social and environmental impacts of biomass use.By developing a source-to-service approach, this paper analyses the provision of domestic energy services in three villages in rural Ethiopia using a socio-metabolic perspective. We combine quantitative and qualitative methods to study the dynamics of domestic biomass use for energy and examine social and environmental implications. We find that the average household consumes 84 GJ/year of biomass (15 GJ per capita/year). Space heating, food and drinking water preparation combined require 86% of domestic energy. Improved cookstoves can reduce domestic energy use by 12%.Our results open new avenues for advancing the scientific understanding of rural energy systems dependent on biomass. These insights are essential to enhance research on sustainable energy systems in rural, bioenergy-dependent areas and may also prove useful in designing policies and innovations to improve provisioning of energy services.

Temporal changes in the individual size distribution modulate the long‐term trends of biomass and energy use of North American breeding bird communities

AbstractAimThe frequency of different body sizes in an ecological community (the individual size distribution, or ISD) is a key link between the number of individual organisms present in a community and community function—total biomass or total energy use. If the ISD changes over time, the dynamics of community function may become decoupled from trends in abundance. Understanding how, and how often, the ISD modulates the relationship between abundance, biomass and energy use is of critical importance to understand biodiversity trends in the Anthropocene. Here, we conduct the first macroecological‐scale analysis of this type for avian communities.LocationNorth America, north of Mexico.Time Period1989–2018.Major Taxa StudiedBreeding birds.MethodsWe used species' traits to generate annual ISDs for bird communities in the North American Breeding Bird Survey. We compared the long‐term trends in total biomass and energy use to the trends generated from a null model of an unchanging ISD.ResultsTrends in biomass have been evenly split between increases and decreases, but the trends predicted by the null model were dominated by decreases. A substantial number of communities have undergone a shift in the ISD favouring larger bodied species, resulting in a less negative trend in biomass than would be expected had the ISD remained static. Trends in energy use more closely paralleled the null model.Main ConclusionsTaking changes in the ISD into account qualitatively changes the continental‐scale picture of how biomass and energy use have changed over the past 30 years. For North American breeding birds, shifts in species composition favouring larger bodied species may have partially offset declines in standing biomass driven by losses of individuals over the past 30 years.

Forest Supply Chain for Bioenergy: An Approach for Biomass Study in the Framework of a Circular Bioeconomy

To ensure the long-term viability of a circular bioeconomy based on native forests, it is crucial to enhance our understanding and overcome existing disparities in knowledge and application throughout the entire value chain of forest products. The objective of this article is to contribute towards this goal and facilitate the proper management of forest biomass. Firstly, a methodology is proposed for the study of biomass throughout the native forest value chain, identifying the main steps, criteria, and variables to consider. This approach is evaluated through a case study in Argentina, where over 2370 tons of biomass are wasted annually. A series of strategies for analyzing the most suitable uses and applications for this biomass are examined. Finally, some key approaches for the promotion of a circular and sustainable forest bioeconomy are identified. While it is true that there is still a long way to go before small rural economies can make a more efficient and comprehensive use of their resources (potentially including small biorefineries) with appropriate cascade use schemes, moving towards biomass energy use constitutes a practical and concrete alternative today. This proposal provides tools for accelerating this necessary ecological and energy transition.

ANALYSIS OF BRIQUETTE QUALITY FROM OIL PALM FROND AND SHELL WASTE (Case Study of PT. Perkebunan Nusantara VII Unit Bekri)

Along with population growth in Indonesia which continues to increase, natural resources (SDA) experience a decrease in availability (energy crisis). Steps that can be taken to overcome e the energy crisis is to optimize the use of biomass energy as an alternative fuel. One of them is to take advantage of palm fronds and shell waste produced by PT. Perkebunan Nusantara VII Unit Bekri as charcoal briquettes. The process of making briquettes includes drying, carbonization, grinding, screening, and printing. The composition of the briquette raw material mixture consists of five variations, namely V1, V2, V3, V4, and V5. The purpose of this study was to analyze the quality of the briquettes based on testing the proximate value (moisture content, volatile matter content, ash content, and bound carbon content), calorific value, and the burning rate briquettes. The best results for the quality of briquettes from the use of waste palm fronds and shells were obtained in the V5 variation (50% fronds, 40% shells, and 1% adhesive), with a moisture content of 3,65% (SNI 8), volatile matter content of 25,30% (SNI 15), ash content of 6,68% (SNI 8), bound carbon content of 68,03%, calorific value of 6.281 (SNI 5.000), and burning rate of 0,00117 gr/s.

Thermochemical Technologies for the Optimization of Olive Wood Biomass Energy Exploitation: A Review

The use of biomass can be a strategic way to realize a carbon-neutral energy plan, ensuring a fuel feedstock. Residual biomass arising from pruning is demonstrated to be an important energy resource in terms of quantity and quality. In the Salento peninsula, Apulia Region, in the south of Italy, a dramatic outbreak of Xylella fastidiosa has decimated olive trees since 2013, gaining a considerable amount of wood biomass. This paper, starting from the need to find a way to optimize the use of this available stock, reviews the main technologies on the utilization of olive wood for energy purposes. In particular, processes and products are here described, and an energy analysis compares lower heating value (LHV), higher heating value (HHV), mass yield, process operating conditions, and energy generated and spent by the process in order to find the most effective technology in order to optimize the energy use of olive biomass. The conclusions show the advantages and disadvantages of each technology. Pyrolysis performs well, showing the best results for both char HHV and syngas yield under different operating conditions. Gasification seems to be the most appropriate among conversion technologies to optimize olive tree pruning for energy purposes, as it can be used to produce both electrical and thermal energy. In terms of economic valorization, char is the most promising material representing a value-added product, the quality and versatility of which ranges from fuel to soil improvers and additives for the construction of supercapacitors. Conversely, its disadvantages are mainly represented by high ash content, which can slightly decrease the boiler efficiency. Finally, the amount of alkali metals can produce several problems, such as fouling, slagging, corrosion, etc., posing a challenge for combustion control and pollutant minimization.

Suitable municipalities for biomass energy use in Colombia based on a multicriteria analysis from a sustainable development perspective

Using renewable energies is a global strategy to mitigate the acceleration of global warming generated by industrial processes and is a sustainable way to diversify the energy matrix in all countries. Biomass is a renewable energy source that produces biofuels and generates electricity and heat. The primary purpose of this work is to identify the municipalities in Colombia where agricultural, livestock, and urban residual biomass could be suitable for energy generation in a sustainable and renewable way. To that end, we carried out a Geostatistical Multi-Criteria Decision Methodology using Analytical Hierarchy Processes such as Rank-Sum and Weighted Linear Combination, as well as considering a set of sustainable development indicators applied to official Colombian data. Two scenarios are considered for comparison purposes. The first one is according to expert criteria, and the second one considers The Sustainable Development Goals proposed by the United Nations. Under both proposed scenarios, 127 municipalities were found to be suitable for agricultural-urban residual biomass and 162 for livestock-urban residual biomass for energy generation. One of the main limitations for the use of urban biomass is that municipalities need to have sufficient production potential to fulfill their own energy needs. An additional comparison with previous works to evaluate the performance of the Multi-Criteria Decision Methodologies MCDM is also proposed.