Use Of Associated Petroleum Gas Research Articles

Перспективы использования попутного нефтяного газа в России и за рубежом

The article analyzes the current state and prospects of utilization of associated petroleum gas (APG), the main components of which are methane and other low molecular weight alkanes. When separated from crude oil, APG contains hydrocarbons such as ethane, propane, butane, and pentane, as well as water vapor, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen (N2) and other components. Associated petroleum gas containing such impurities cannot be used without purification. The authors noted that the shortage of APG processing capacities both in the Russian Federation and in the world is one of the reasons for the high level of gas flaring in oil fields. In 2022, oil production decreased by 8% (from 82 million barrels per day in 2021 to 76 million barrels per day), while global gas flaring decreased by 5% (from 150 billion cubic meters in 2021 to 142 billion cubic meters). Russia, Iraq, Iran, the United States of America, Algeria, Venezuela, and Nigeria have remained the top seven countries in gas flaring for nine consecutive years since the first of two satellites to monitor gas flares from space was launched in 2012. These seven countries produce 40% of the world's oil annually, but they account for about two-thirds (65%) of the world's gas flaring. Rational methods of utilization of associated petroleum gas were determined, which depend on the conditions of oil production, such as the characteristics of the field, the oil/gas ratio (gas-oil factor), as well as market opportunities for the extracted gas. An algorithm for choosing the technology of rational use of APG in oil and gas companies is proposed. An overview of all APG utilization methods is given, which focuses on unit costs, economic benefits, and the nature of the environmental impact. The innovative experience of the effective use of APG in the USA and Canada is analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the need to solve the problem of the effective use of APG in the world, especially to reduce the volume of flaring.

Assessment of the Economic Efficiency of the Use of Associated Petroleum Gas for GTL Technology

Assessment of the Economic Efficiency of the Use of Associated Petroleum Gas for GTL Technology

Environmental and Economic Rationale for the Use of Associated Petroleum Gas Using the Example of Fields in Eastern Siberia

The use of associated petroleum gas and the problem of its disposal and processing are being actively discussed, oil and gas companies are inventing new methods. The aim of our research is to consider the use of associated petroleum gas in fields in Eastern Siberia and to compare environmental and economic damage from the use of various methods for disposing of associated petroleum gas.In this article, we reviewed some of the most promising in our opinion methods for processing and disposing of associated petroleum gas, such as deep conversion into gas, flaring, injection into the gas transmission system, reverse injection of associated petroleum gas, and the economic effect of their use. We estimated the environmental damage caused by enterprises and the economic effect of the application for several mining fields. The problem of rational utilization of APG remains acute in a number of regions and companies, especially among small independent producers.

РОЛЬ ПЛАТЫ ЗА ВЫБРОСЫ ЗАГРЯЗНЯЮЩИХ ВЕЩЕСТВ ОТ СЖИГАНИЯ ПОПУТНОГО НЕФТЯНОГО ГАЗА КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТА РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ РАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ПРИРОДОПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ В НЕФТЕДОБЫВАЮЩИХ СУБЪЕКТАХ РФ

For a long time, Russia was the leader in associated petroleum gas (APG) flaring. This led to the destruction of useful raw materials and environmental pollution. Due to the tightening of the state policy in the field of the APG rational use and the introduction of fees for APG flaring in 2012, oil producing companies had an incentive to use APG efficiently. In addition, the level of air pollution began to decline. The budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the oil-producing regions began to receive significant revenues. Some experts expected that the APG efficiency target would be achieved in 2014 or 2016. Unfortunately, some oil producers were unable to achieve the target. Moreover, at present, there is a reduction in payments for APG flaring in many regions. This causes concern for certain market participants. The object of this research is the impact of APG flaring fees on the level of rational APG use and on incomes of the oil-producing regions. The aim of the work is to study the role of these payments as a tool for regulating the rational use of APG. The analysis shows that the introduction of fees for emissions of pollutants generated by APG flaring plays an important role in ensuring the sustainable development of the regions. Firstly, this fee helps to improve the environmental situation in the region because the volume of gas flared has decreased significantly. Secondly, the application of fees for APG flaring contributes to an increase in the level of energy efficiency, the development and implementation of innovative technologies. Thirdly, the increase in APG deep processing makes it possible to obtain products required in the domestic industry. This improves the efficiency of the oil sector and accelerates import substitution. Fourthly, payments for emissions of pollutants generated during APG flaring form additional funds that can be spent on the development of the region. Fifthly, all oil-producing regions can be divided into two groups. The first group is a group that has practically reached or is very close to reaching the established limits for APG flaring. The second group of regions is a group for which reaching this target is still a difficult task. Experts point out the following reasons that prevent some oil-producing companies from achieving targets for APG flaring: (1) commissioning of new fields, which are characterized by an insufficient level of infrastructure development required for APG utilization; (2) closure of gas processing plants for repair work, which forces some companies to temporarily flare APG; (3) establishment of new benefits and exemptions; (4) geographic fragmentation of fields and limited reserves, which does not allow making the project for the rational use of APG profitable; (5) remoteness of some gas pipelines from the main oil-producing regions, difficult access to the gas transportation system.

Problems of Rational Use of Associated Petroleum Gas in Russia

The geographical structure of associated gas production in Russian regions is considered. It is shown that the main volume of its production in Russia corresponds to Western Siberia, and the largest federal subject of Russia while the largest subject of the Russian Federation for the production of associated petroleum gas is Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug — Yugra is heads the list among the federal subjects of Russia in the output of associated petroleum gas. It is found that the main increase in associated gas production in Russia is due to the implementation of large mining projects in the east of the country and in the north of Western Siberia. We examine the major directions of rational use of associated petroleum gas: processing at the gas processing plant; cycling process, and energy (gas combustion in power plants for the production of electricity and heat). It is shown that the level of rational use over the past five years has increased by 10.4%, which is due to the introduction of a system of penalties for excess gas combustion (more than 5%). The aspects related to the need for integrated development of hydrocarbons produced and for rational use of associated petroleum gas in particular are analyzed. Some promising directions and conditions for improving the level of effective utilization of associated petroleum gas for the regions of Russia with due regard for are investigated. It is shown that in the absence of economic incentives for business, the State should play a significant role in improving the efficiency of natural resources and, more specifically, the promotion of the use of new advanced technologies and instruments of state regulation, including public-private partnership.

RUSSIAN GAS UTILIZATION: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

The article discusses the problem of efficient use of associated petroleum gas (APG) in oil companies, in particular to reduce volumes of its burning on torches that makes negative impact on ecological, social and economic sides of society. Authors studied properties, characteristics and component composition of associated petroleum gas. It is noted that the value of APGas raw materials for gas and petro chemistry or as energetic gas defines its component structure, which is changed from a field to a field – depending on geological features field. Also in article the main directions of use of APG, the current state policy and national interests in the field of its rational use are considered. Authors carried out the analysis of a current state of the oil and gas market at the international and regional level as a result of which the main range of problems of effective use of APG in Russia is revealed. It is noted that the most significant factors, which provides the high level of burning of APG in Russia are: deficiency of capacities on APG processing, restriction of access of the oil companies to Uniform system of gas supply, gaps in the operating standard and legal base, lack of the uniform mechanism at the choice of projects of use of APG on a field/group of fields and price system in the oil and gas market. Authors of article developed the list of actions, both at the level of the state, and at the level of the company, which will reduce influence of factors, providing the high level of burning of APG in Russia, and increase level of associated petroleum gas use in Russia.