Screen Usage Research Articles

From Screens to Sunshine: Rescuing Children’s Outdoor Playtime in the Digital Era

In today’s digital era, the decline in children’s outdoor playtime with excessive screen usage has raised concerns about their long-term physical health, mental well-being and overall development. This article highlights the importance of prioritizing and promoting outdoor play to ensure a balanced childhood experience. The decline in outdoor play can be attributed to factors such as increased technology usage, academic pressures, safety concerns and changing societal attitudes. However, outdoor play is crucial for children’s holistic development as it contributes to improved physical health, cognitive stimulation, social interaction and emotional well-being. The decline in outdoor play and excessive screen time has been associated with various health issues, including mental health problems, disrupted sleep patterns, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder-like behavior and physical health risks. To reclaim outdoor playtime, practical strategies are proposed. These include reevaluating priorities to strike a balance between technology usage and outdoor activities, promoting nature education in schools, creating safe outdoor spaces, encouraging parental involvement, addressing safety concerns, limiting screen time, nurturing environmental stewardship, fostering collaboration between schools and communities and advocating for supportive policies. By implementing these strategies and shifting cultural norms, we can provide children with a healthier and more well-rounded childhood experience, supporting their overall well-being and development in the digital era.

Screen time and quality of life in Austrian young adults

Abstract Aim This study aimed to investigate the screen-related habits and quality of life among a sample of young Austrian adults. Subject and methods A cross-sectional online questionnaire study was conducted, assessing quality of life using the World Health Organization (WHO) Quality of Life–BREF questionnaire. Participants were queried about their physical activity levels and screen-based activities, including social media engagement, computer or mobile phone gaming, and on-demand TV or series watching. Linear regression analysis was employed to explore the relationship between quality of life and screen time. Additionally, gender differences and correlations between quality of life and BMI and age were assessed. Results The study comprised 400 young Austrian adults aged 18 to 30. Findings revealed negative associations between quality of life and social media usage, as well as watching series. Conversely, quality of life was positively correlated with physical activity. While female participants exhibited significantly greater engagement with computer or mobile games, no gender differences were observed in physical activity levels. Notably, gaming accounted for the majority of screen time. Conclusion Elevated screen time was linked to decreased quality of life, while increased physical activity was associated with higher quality of life. Gaming emerged as the predominant screen-related activity. Future research should investigate strategies to integrate physical activity into gaming to potentially enhance overall quality of life. Promoting awareness among young adults regarding their screen usage across various devices and its potential adverse effects on their well-being could play a pivotal role in fostering improvements.

Interactive Screen-Based Activities Predict Worse Actigraphic Sleep Health That Night Among Adolescents

PurposeTo determine the micro-longitudinal effects of duration and timing of screen-based activities on sleep within and between adolescents. MethodsDaily survey and actigraphy data from the age 15 wave of the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study were analyzed using multilevel modeling. Four hundred seventy five adolescents provided three or more days of valid daily survey and nighttime sleep data. ResultsWithin-person results showed that on days when adolescents played video games more than their daytime average ± SE (1.3 ± 1.2 hours), sleep onset (6 ± 2 minutes, p < .01) and midpoint (4 ± 2 minutes, p < .02) were delayed for each additional hour of gaming. Between-person results showed that for each hour adolescents used screens to communicate with friends across the day, sleep onset was later (11 ± 3 minutes, p < .01), sleep midpoint was later (8 ± 3 minutes, p < .01), and sleep duration was shorter (−5 ± 2 minutes, p < .03). Adolescents who used screens to communicate with friends or play video games in the hour before bed had later sleep onset (30 ± 14 minutes, p < .03) and midpoint (25 ± 13 minutes, p < .05). DiscussionAmong adolescents, passive screen usage such as browsing the Internet or watching videos may not affect sleep timing or duration, but limiting interactive screen-based activities could protect adolescent sleep health and well-being.

“Shared decision-making” for prostate cancer screening: Is it a marker of quality preventative healthcare?

Background“Shared decision-making” (SDM) is a cornerstone of prostate cancer (PCa) screening guidelines due to tradeoffs between clinical benefits and concerns for over-diagnosis and over-treatment. SDM requires effort by primary-care-providers (PCP) in an often busy clinical setting to understand patient preferences with the backdrop of patient risk factors. We hypothesized that SDM for PCa screening, given its prominence in guidelines and practical challenges, may be associated with quality preventative healthcare in terms of other appropriate cancer screening and encouragement of other preventative health behaviors. MethodsFrom the 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey, 50–75 year old men who underwent PSA screening were assessed for their participation in SDM, PCa and colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, and other preventative health behaviors, like vaccination, exercise, and smoking status. Adjusted odds ratio of likelihood of PSA testing as a function of SDM was calculated. Likelihoods of SDM and PSA testing as a function of preventative health behaviors were also calculated. ResultsScreening rates were 62 % for PCa and 88 % for CRC. Rates of SDM were 39.1 % in those with PSA screening, and 16.2 % in those without. Odds of PSA screening were higher when SDM was present (AOR = 2.68). History of colonoscopy was associated with higher odds of SDM (AOR = 1.16) and PSA testing (AOR = 1.94). Health behaviors, like regular exercise, were associated with increased odds of SDM (AOR = 1.14) and PSA testing (AOR = 1.28). History of flu vaccination (AOR = 1.29) and pneumonia vaccination (AOR = 1.19) were associated with higher odds of SDM. Those who received the flu vaccine were also more likely to have PSA testing (AOR = 1.36). Smoking was negatively associated with SDM (AOR = 0.86) and PSA testing (AOR = 0.93). Older age was associated with higher rates of PSA screening (AOR = 1.03, CI = 1.03–1.03). Black men were more likely than white men to have SDM (AOR = 1.6, CI = 1.59 – 1.6) and decreased odds of PSA testing (AOR = 0.94, CI = 0.94 – 0.95). ConclusionsSDM was associated with higher odds of PSA screening, CRC screening, and other appropriate preventative health behaviors. Racial disparities exist in both SDM and PSA screening usage. SDM may be a trackable metric that can lead to wider preference-sensitive care and improved preventative care.

Application of neural organoids in studying neurodegenerative diseases

Neurodegenerative diseases are among the top causes of mortality and the aversion of DALYs (Disability-Adjusted Life Years) worldwide. Many attempts have been made to develop therapeutics to alleviate disease symptoms without much success. The preclinical models utilized in therapeutic testing are often inaccurate and cannot precisely translate into clinical studies. The introduction of neural organoids, a three-dimensional model grown from human-originated stem cells, was able to revolutionize the field of neurological drug development. Using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC), scientists are able to restore adult cells pluripotency and cultivate them into region specific brain organoids using a combination of growth factors, agonists, and inhibitors. These models have proven valuable in drug screen for myriad neurodegenerative disorders. To model such diseases, iPSCs are generated from patients with the respective diseases, and then cultivated in an environment that mimics the disease environment. For example, for Parkinsons disease, Wnt pathway inhibitors and the Sonic hedgehog agonist are used to induce midbrain neural progenitor cells from patients with risk factors. Despite neural organoids wide usage in screening for neurodegenerative disorders and drug testing, neural organoids present several limitations in their function, including a lack of complexity equivalent to that of the brain. This paper will discuss neural organoid technology and provide basic insight to its usage in drug screening and the field of neuroscience.

Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on screen time and sleep in early adolescents.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, adolescents and families have turned to online activities and social platforms more than ever to maintain well-being, connect remotely with friends and family, and online schooling. However, excessive screen use can have negative effects on health (e.g., sleep). This study examined changes in sleep habits and recreational screen time (social media, video gaming), and their relationship, before and across the first year of the pandemic in adolescents in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Mixed-effect models were used to examine associations between self-reported sleep and screen time using longitudinal data of 5,027 adolescents in the ABCD Study, assessed before the pandemic (10-13 years) and across six time points between May 2020 and March 2021 (pandemic). Time in bed varied, being higher during May-August 2020 relative to pre-pandemic, partially related to the school summer break, before declining in October 2020 to levels lower than pre-pandemic. Screen time steeply increased and remained high across all pandemic time points relative to pre-pandemic. Higher social media use and video gaming were associated with shorter time in bed, later bedtimes, and longer sleep onset latency. Sleep behavior and screen time changed during the pandemic in early adolescents. More screen time was associated with poorer sleep behavior, before and during the pandemic. While recreational screen usage is an integral component of adolescent's activities, especially during the pandemic, excessive use can have negative effects on essential health behaviors, highlighting the need to promote balanced screen usage. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Predicting postoperative delirium after cardiovascular surgeries from preoperative portable electroencephalography oscillations.

Postoperative delirium (POD) is common and life-threatening, however, with intensive interventions, a potentially preventable clinical syndrome. Although electroencephalography (EEG) is a promising biomarker of delirium, standard 20-leads EEG holds difficulties for screening usage in clinical practice. We aimed to develop an accurate algorithm to predict POD using EEG data obtained from portable device. We recruited 128 patients who underwent scheduled cardiovascular surgery. Cognitive function assessments were conducted, and portable EEG recordings were obtained prior to surgery. Among the patients, 47 (36.7%) patients with POD were identified and they did not significantly differ from patients without POD in sex ratio, age, cognitive function, or treatment duration of intensive care unit. However, significant differences were observed in the preoperative EEG power spectrum densities at various frequencies, especially gamma activity, between patients with and without POD. POD was successfully predicted using preoperative EEG data with a machine learning algorithm, yielding accuracy of 86% and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.93. This study provides new insights into the objective and biological vulnerability to delirium. The developed algorithm can be applied in general hospitals without advanced equipment and expertise, thereby enabling the reduction of POD occurrences with intensive interventions for high-risk patients.

Impact of covid-19 outbreak on the behavior of children and adolescents in the Kingdom of Bahrain.

With coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic restrictions and lockdown, children and adolescents have experienced emotional and physical isolation from family and community members. This isolation has a negative impact on children's and adolescents' mental health, physical health, and behavior. An online cross-sectional study of children and adolescents aged 5 to 11 years was conducted to assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on their behavior, emotions, and sleep routines. A total of 413 participants, with a mean age of seven (217 boys and 195 girls), were included in the study. Most of the children were in primary school and lived with both parents. Boys and older children were found to have been fatigued during the pandemic. A significant association was found between the participants' age and regression, opposition, and adaptation behaviors. A significant increase in screen usage and decrease in children's physical activity after the outbreak were noted. The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected children's and adolescents' psychosocial, behavioral, and physical habits. Government programs to support the mental and psychological well-being of children and adolescents should be encouraged. Social communication, physical activity, and collaborative games are also important factors.

Obesity among school-age children from Zakho (Kurdistan, Iraq) is linked to viewing screen media

Background. Healthcare systems are very concerned about childhood obesity, which continues to be a barrier to medical innovation. Over the last three decades, the frequency of childhood overweight/ obesity has increased significantly. Children spend a significant amount of time in front of electronic devices such as cell phones, games, computers, and television that is linked to a decreased physical activity and weight gain. The purpose of the study was to find the association between watching screen media and obesity in school-aged children from Zakho. Materials and methods. This is a cross-sectional, case-control, face-to-face survey study. All students aged 9–15 years from different schools were invited to complete the questionnaire. Well-trained medical students collected the anthropometric measurements of weight and height. Results. A total of 500 students between 9 and 15 years were interviewed. Approximately 72 % of them were males and 28 % were females. There was a significant association between a history of eating while watching screens and obesity (P = 0.003), as well as between the average number of hours spent daily using a computer and obesity (P = 0.016). Conclusions. In summary, this study supported the link between screen usage and childhood obesity in school-aged children. As a result, it is vital to create health promotion initiatives that emphasize a healthy 24-hour period, which includes a balanced amount of time spent engaging in physical activity, watching television, and sleeping.

Association of worker's mental health with changes in exercise time, going-out time, and screen time (TV time, internet time, and game time) before and after the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and government regulations have affected the daily lives and mental health of individuals worldwide. This study aimed to determine how much the change in time spent on exercise (exercise time), outdoor activities ("going-out" time), and screen usage (screen time) before and after the COVID-19 pandemic has affected mental health (depression, anxiety, and insomnia). In June 2021, during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, a web-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted in Japan through an online research company. A total of 824 workers participated in this study. Depression, anxiety, and insomnia were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, General Anxiety Disorder-7, and Insomnia Severity Index, respectively. The symptoms of depression were associated with age and decreased exercise time. Symptoms of anxiety were associated with not decreased going-out time. Symptoms of insomnia were associated with reduced exercise time. The results indicated that during the COVID-19 pandemic, an increase in exercise time could have prevented depression and insomnia. Similarly, a decrease in going-out time could have prevented anxiety. Furthermore, in the event of future outbreaks of unpredictable infections, such as COVID-19, decreased going out and increased exercise may help maintain mental health.

Investigation of the relationship between screen usage habits, behavioral problems and self-regulation skills of children aged 4–6

PurposeAmidst the multifaceted changes taking place in our dynamic world, the study of screen usage habits and their impacts on children has emerged as a burgeoning area of research interest. The current research endeavors to investigate and establish the correlation that exists between screen usage patterns, behavioral challenges, and self-regulation capabilities within the demographic of children aged 4–6 years. Design and methodsIn the study, descriptive cross-sectional and relationship-seeking research model. The sample of the study consisted of 557 people with children between the ages of 4 and 6 years who voluntarily participated in the study between December 2022 and April 2023. The “Personal Information Form”,“Problematic Media Use Measure (PMUM)”, “Preschool Behavior Questionnaire” and “Instrument for Measuring Self-Regulation Skills” were used to collect data. ResultsIt was found that 53% of the children were girls, 87.4% lived in the city center. The rate of children with no siblings was 59.4%, 48.1% spent between 1 and 2 in front of a screen and 52.4% used mobile phones. Furthermore, there appears to be a reciprocal interaction among self-regulation skills, behavioral problems, and problematic internet usage. ConclusionIt can be asserted that as children's self-regulation skills increased, behavioral problems decreased and it can be asserted that as children's problematic internet use levels increased, behavioral problems also increased. Practice implicationsIn line with these results, pediatric and public health nurses have a great deal of work, parents should be made aware of these issues with large-scale trainings, and it should not be forgotten that these age groups are the most sensitive periods.

Beyaz Perdeden Mobil Ekranlara: Değişen Ekran Kullanımlarının İzleyici Üzerindeki Etkileri

All the technological innovations that took place after the first meeting of cinema with society had various effects on the audience and changed its interaction with the content. By means of the developing technological opportunities, the usual viewing trends have changed and a new audience culture has emerged. The proliferation of digital platforms had an impact on both audience culture and the tools used in the act of watching. Due to the viewing action carried from the movie screen to the mobile screens in the course of time, it becomes possible to talk about changing psychological and sociological structures. For this reason, it was considered necessary to investigate the sociological and psychological effects of changing the use of screens on the audience. Despite various research which were conducted on the international scale related to the issue research, we don’t observe enough studies in Turkey about the aforementioned issue. In this study, the audience-content interaction in the new audience culture was questioned, taking into account the changing viewing trends in Turkey, and the effects of changing screen usage were discussed by interpreting the data obtained through the semi-structured in-depth interview method. It has been observed that young generations want to consume content without leaving the comfort of their homes, and it has been found that they generally want to watch content on the largest screen possible. Although young generations tend to execute mobile and individual watching activities, it was found that movie theatres are still the places that provide the best viewing experience.

Development and validation of presumptive spot test for the identification of z-drugs used in drug-facilitated crimes.

The significance and desire for preliminary testing approaches that are straightforward, quick, selective, affordable, and practical for use in the field are highlighted by the increasing enormous amounts of potentially illegal samples being seized worldwide. The "z-drugs," which include zolpidem, zopiclone, and eszopiclone, are non-benzodiazepine medications used to treat insomnia. z-drugs are short-term solutions for sleeplessness and anxiety but have a long history of abuse and misuse. The extensive list is primarily utilized for drug-facilitated crimes and drug dependence. The presumptive color spot test for z-drugs, such as zolpidem, zopiclone, and eszopiclone, has been created and validated in this study. In the preliminary identification of zolpidem, zopiclone, and eszopiclone, no color spot test has been documented as per the literature. The color spot test is the most essential and routinely used technique for identifying any unknown sample substance. The color test method was proven to provide high-quality, dependable presumptive test findings and satisfy standards for preliminary screening usage. Validation experiments demonstrate that, at room temperature, the color change is specific to the zolpidem, zopiclone, and eszopiclone classes and unaffected by the common cutting agent's presence. It was discovered that 5, 10, and 6ppm were the operational limit of detection of the sample present against the reagents 0.1% diphenyl carbazone, aqueous potassium iodoplatinate, and modified cobalt thiocyanate reagent, respectively. The color test is immediate and validated with other substances of a similar category and 10ppm was the operational limit of detection.

Are conversation and whispered voice hearing tests comparable to pure tone audiometry for assessment of hearing loss? A retrospective analysis

BackgroundPure tone audiometry (PTA) is considered the standard method of hearing assessment. However, technical and logistical challenges preclude its usage for hearing screening at primary healthcare facilities. Free field hearing (FFH) tests such as conversation voice (CV) and whispered voice (WV) tests have been used for hearing assessment. However, their correlation to PTA and accuracy in detection of hearing loss are doubtful. This study aims to determine if FFH tests can be used for estimation of hearing thresholds. MethodsA retrospective analytical study was conducted at the otorhinolaryngology department. Spearman's correlation coefficient (ρ) was determined between FFH recognition distance and average air conduction PTA thresholds. A statistical regression model was developed to estimate hearing thresholds from the FFH recognition distance. The FFH tests were studied for their accuracy in detection of hearing loss. ResultsThe audiometric records of 437 persons (874 ears) were analysed. The CV and WV tests were found to have a high correlation (ρ = −0.757 and −0.758, respectively) with average PTA thresholds in persons with hearing loss. The WV test was found to have a 94.7% sensitivity, 90.8% specificity, 97.6% positive predictive value, 80.9% negative predictive value, and 93.9% accuracy in detection of hearing loss. ConclusionFFH tests such as WV test can be used to estimate the hearing thresholds and screen for hearing loss when audiometric tests are not logistically feasible, such as at primary-level healthcare facilities, remote locations, and in schools. However, such tests should not be regarded as a substitute to PTA.

Study of Face Mask-associated Dry Eye among Medical Students.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate face mask-associated factors causing dry eye among medical students. This was a cross-sectional study conducted on undergraduate medical and dental students, of all phases, while they were attending offline classes and were required to wear face masks in accordance with the government regulations. Sociodemographic data, ocular and medical history, face mask-wearing practices, screen usage, and quantification of symptoms using the modified Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire were collected. Objective tests were conducted in students having dry eye. The association of quantitative variables was done using ANOVA, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis test, whereas the Chi-square test was done for qualitative variables. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the risk factors for varying severity of dry eye. The mean age of the 410 students was 21 ± 1.6 years. According to the OSDI, 39.51% (162/410) of students had dry eyes, 23.41% (96/410) had mild dry eye, 8.78% (36/410) had moderate dry eye, and 7.32% (30/410) had severe dry eye. Face mask-associated factors which were significantly linked to dry eye were N95 masks, loose-fit masks, and 6-8 h of continuous mask use. The Schirmer's test and tear film break-up time were performed on 29 and 20 students, respectively, mean values being 19.25 ± 5.29 mm and 10.15 ± 1.41 s for nonsevere and 6.53 ± 1.55 mm and 5.3 ± 0.98 s for severe dry eye, respectively. It is important to educate medical students and create awareness regarding "face mask-appropriate behavior" to reduce the chances of dry eye secondary to face masks use.

Prevalence of screen addiction and its association with screen use behavior and type of content consumed in the general population of Mumbai metropolitan region

Background: Varied prevalence of internet, gaming and smartphone addiction have been estimated across different regions. Though gaming and internet addiction have already been recognized, the emerging trend of binge-watching also demands attention. There was a need to estimate their prevalence using a uniform scale, compare addiction scores and also assess its association with content consumed and screen use behavior. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 252 participants who were recruited using stratified random sampling and were interviewed using digital addiction scale and a self-designed questionnaire (CVR&gt;0.65). Results: The prevalence of screen addiction was found to be 13% and found to be associated with age (p&lt;0.01), sex (p&lt;0.01), type of content consumed (p&lt;0.05), device used (p&lt;0.01), self-reported causes (p&lt;0.01), withdrawal (p&lt;0.01) and screen use specific psychological phenomenon (p&lt;0.01). Addiction scores of gamers, social media users and binge watchers were comparable (p&gt;0.05). Conclusions: The prevalence of screen addiction is substantially high, particularly in the younger population. This study also highlights the strong association of screen use behavior and type of content consumed and apps used with addictive screen use. The similarity in addiction scores and associated factors also support the use of umbrella term ‘Screen Addiction’ to group all kinds of addictive screen usage.

Knowledge is power: Relationship between professional recommendations, maternal attitudes, and screen time exposure of infants

PurposeThe American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the World Health Organization (WHO) recommend infants avoid screen media exposure, yet most infants are regularly exposed. This study aimed to explore screen exposure, maternal attitudes regarding screen media effects, and pediatricians' recommendations to better understand widespread screen media use with infants younger than 18 months of age in hopes of informing mitigation efforts. Design and methodsSurveys consisting of 10 Likert-style questions were distributed real-time to a purposive sample of 193 mothers with infants 18 months of age or younger in Georgia, Pennsylvania, and New York. ResultsSeventy-nine percent of infants exceeded AAP/WHO guidelines and 61% of respondents couldn't recall receiving pediatrician recommendations regarding screen exposure for their infant. Mothers with higher levels of education were associated with an accurate reflection of the adverse effects of screen usage on infant development (ANOVA; F = 10.122; df = 3; p < .001). Accurate maternal attitudes regarding adverse effects on infants was associated with less daily screen exposure (Spearman correlation; r = −0.428; p < .001). ConclusionsFindings suggest that knowledge about adverse side effects of screen media usage with infants is associated with less daily exposure; and, that pediatricians may not routinely review guidelines for infants with their families, underscoring the importance of other methods of knowledge dissemination. Practice implicationsNurses, as trusted healthcare providers, can provide counseling on infant screen media usage creating an opportunity for augmented knowledge dissemination across maternal demographics potentially leading to less screen exposure in this vulnerable population.

The Relationship Between Fan Passion and Second Screen Usage: The Mediating Role of Fear of Missing Out

The Relationship Between Fan Passion and Second Screen Usage: The Mediating Role of Fear of Missing Out

Effect of digital screen usage on the visual-vestibular system interaction

Background/aimThis research aims to develop an original understanding of the subject by examining how digital screen usage correlates with visual-vestibular system interaction and the vestibuloocular reflex mechanism using vestibular test parameters.Materials and methodsThe study included 59 healthy participants. Participants were divided into two groups according to their screen usage time 3–6 h (Group 1) and over 6 h (Group 2). Participants were asked questions about complaints after screen use. After that, Video Head Impulse, Dynamic Visual Acuity, Videonystagmography test was applied to the participants.ResultsDVA was significantly poor in group 2. In vHIT and Videonystagmography test, a significant difference was not observed between the groups.ConclusionThere is no conclusive evidence that digital screen usage directly affects the peripheral or central vestibular systems. However, the decrease in DVA in individuals who use digital screens for more than 6 h may be related to the effects of digital screen exposure on the visual-vestibular system.

The Effect of screen time on Children’s Behaviour

As more of their leisure time is spent with screens such as iPhones, tablets, computer games, and television, parents, health experts, and educators are concerned about the impact of screen time on children’s well-being. Excessive screen usage has a negative impact on the verbal, emotional, and physical growth of children. Because children and teenagers are naturally drawn to screens, the aim is to teach them how to use them responsibly. Screens may help promote self-esteem and give numerous chances for learning and growth when used with good screen objectives and abilities. Children, especially those above the age of three, respond to interactive programming that is entertaining, suited to them, and stimulates imitation or participation. Dynamic video games may encourage light-to-moderate or acceptable physical exercise in the near future. Families and child care providers may include more physical activity into daily routines by using fun, age-appropriate exercise (e.g., yoga or dance) and fitness apps or videogames. As a result of these concerns, parents are being advised to limit their children’s screen time on a daily basis, with particular time constraints for children and a general guideline to minimize screen time in teenagers. Key words: screen time, children's behaviour