Urine Sugar Levels Research Articles

Profiling of Antidiabetic Bioactive Flavonoid Compounds from an Edible Plant Kudzu (Pueraria lobata).

Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi, known as kudzu and used as a "longevity powder" in China, is an edible plant which is rich in flavonoids and believed to be useful for regulating blood sugar and treating diabetes, although the modes of action are unknown. Here, a total of 53 flavonoids including 6 novel compounds were isolated from kudzu using multidimensional preparative liquid chromatography. The flavonoid components were found to lower blood sugar levels, promote urine sugar levels in mice, and reduce the urine volume. Molecular docking and in vitro assays suggested that the antidiabetic effect of kudzu was attributed to at least three targets: sodium-dependent glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2), protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B), and alpha-glucosidase (AG). This study suggests a possible mechanism for the antidiabetic effect that may involve the synergistic action of multiple active compounds from kudzu.

Long Suffering Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus During Metabolic Acidosis on Positiveness of Ketones in Urine Patients

Examination of ketones in the patient's urine and measuring the patient's blood sugar level will determine whether there will be metabolic acidosis in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, which is a metabolic disorder that can be caused by various etiologies, such as chronic hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin secretion or impaired insulin action. alone. Diabetes Mellitus type 1 itself is more caused by reduced insulin secretion due to damage to pancreatic -cells. This study was conducted to examine ketones in urine on the duration of suffering from type 1 diabetes mellitus when metabolic acidosis occurs Data collection in this study was carried out by accidental sampling method by researchers to collect secondary and primary data on urine ketones in patients with metabolic acidosis. Based on research that has been done, data obtained from 34 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus at the Sigerongan Health Center, as many as 8 patients with positive results of urine ketones with a prevalence of +2 totaling 3 people and +3 totaling 5 people. Judging from the high level of glucose (hyperglycemia) that is > 200 mg/dl and the positivity of ketone bodies in the patient's urine as a sign of metabolic acidosis. With a long-susceptibility to suffer from diabetes mellitus 1-5 years and above. The results of measuring ketone levels in the patient's urine show that there is no relationship with the duration of suffering from diabetes mellitus in the urine but blood sugar levels.

AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF PRAMEHA: A CASE STUDY

Diabetes, which is a metabolic disorder, is the most common disorder affecting more than 30 million people with type 2 diabetes is characterized by polydipsia, polyphagia, and polyuria that can be related to Prameha. The pa-rameters for the diagnosis of diabetes are fasting blood sugar (FBS), post prandial blood sugar (PPBS), fasting urine sugar (FUS), post prandial urine sugar (PPUS) and glycated hemoglobin (Hba1c). The word prameha com-prises of 2 words ‘Pra’ which means Abundant and ‘Meha’ which means ‘passing of large quantity of urine’. In Ayurveda the cardinal features of Prameha which is caused by vitiation of all doshas mainly Bahudrava Shleshma1 are Prabhootha mutrata and Avila mutrata1. The complaints of diabetes are included under Medova-ha sroto Vikara. Two broad classifications of Prameha are Sahaja and Apatya Nimittaja characterized by krusha pramehi and sthula pramehi2 respectively. A 44-year male patient, with the complaint of weight loss, increased thirst for 11 months on regular body check-up came to know that his blood sugar & urine sugar levels were high i.e., FBS – 263mg/dl, PPBS – 396mg/dl, FUS – 0.5% and PPUS – 2%, Hba1c 13.6. Based on the symptoms and presentation it was diagnosed as Apatya Nimittaja, sthula pramehi and treatment was done for the same. This case was managed with sthula pramehi chikitsa siddhanta3,4 (treatment principles of diabetes) with the shodhana i, e virechana followed by administration of Shilajathu, yava and meha abhaya kashaya. The weight of the pa-tient was maintained throughout the treatment, without allowing the condition to enter into vataja prameha which is asadhya condition. A significant improvement was observed with decreased in symptoms and decrease in blood and urine sugar levels.

The Impact of Barley-based diet on Diabetes: A Case-Report

Background: Diabetes is becoming more prevalent in India. The increase in prevalence in most populations has probably been driven by modifiable risk factors, including lack of exercise and an increasing prevalence of overweight/obesity and unhealthy diets and habits. Yava(Barley)is one among the food articles and its preparation is extensively suggested in Prameha(Diabetes) and other lifestyle disorders. Diet intervention is the primary and effective way to control sugar levels. Diet therapy without much alteration of one’s habits will be acceptable to individuals. A barley-based diet is formulated and evaluated for its effectiveness in the case of diabetics.
 Aim: To study the effectiveness of a Yava-based diet on fasting and postprandial blood sugars, fasting and postprandial urine sugars and lipid profile. 
 Study Design: Modified crossover study
 Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Swasthavritta, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda and Hospital, Hassan, between December 2022 and February 2023.
 Methodology: A single case study was designed and a barley-based diet was planned as a flatbread, suggested for a month as a dietetic intervention along with the routine dietary habit. The diabetic subject was screened in the outpatient department. Laboratory investigations were carried out at one-month intervals three times. Subject studied for observation period and intervention period with the follow-ups. 
 Results: There were decreases in blood sugar and urine sugar levels and in lipid profile. Symptoms like polyphagia, heaviness in the body are also reduced.
 Conclusion: Ayurveda literature opines Prameha is a disease of vitiated Kapha and fat tissue. Yava has the properties of pacifying Kapha and fat. The diet plan acts as a potential antidiabetic food. Yava can be an alternative to other grains and more beneficial for diabetes.

Efficacy of Haridra Churna and Chandraprabha Vati along with Pippali Churna in Madhumeha (Type 2 Diabetes)

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) has turned out to be a considerable silent killer today within the world. It can be correlated with Madhumeha, mentioned under the types of Vataja Prameha. It can be managed conservatively with modifications in diet, exercise, medication, and lifestyle. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the hypoglycemic effect of Haridra Churna and Chandraprabha Vati along with Pippali Churna in Madhumeha type 2 DM. Materials and Methods: Forty patients were allocated for intervention in two groups. In Group A, 3-g Haridra Churna and in Group B, 500-mg Chandraprabha Vati, both are given with 500-mg “Pippali Churna” twice in a day for 21 days, before meal with lukewarm water. The data study was analyzed by Chi-square/Fisher exact test for subjective criteria and Student's paired t-test for objective criteria to check the level of significance. Results: Significant results (P < 0.001) were found in subjective parameters were seen such as polyuria (Prabhuta Mutrata), polyphagia (Kshudhadhikya), polydipsia (Trishnadhikya), exhaustion, loss of body weight, giddiness, polyneuritis (Praharsha), and visual disturbance in both group. Haridra Churna had a significant impact (P < 0.01) on reducing the objective parameters such as fetal bovine serum (FBS), postprandial blood sugar, and urine (sugar) levels. However, in some of the symptomatic parameters, Chandraprabha Vati showed significant results which have become mandatory to be taken in consideration. However, in reducing the FBS levels, both Chandraprabha Vati and Haridra Churna were equally effective. Conclusion: Haridra Churna and Chandraprabh Vati along with Pippali Churna have showed significant improvement in the symptoms of Madhumeha and blood sugar levels.

Optimal design of quadratic support vector machine based end stage renal disease predictor model

At present kidney failure has become one such important paradigm for higher mortality rate. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a severe kidney infection, and it has different stage of infection with final condition is being called as End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). At this juncture patient are supported with dialysis or kidney transplant. The process requires time to analyze, diagnose the different parameters in determining CKD. The study involves using machine learning techniques for predicting the stages involved in infection and prevent the disease progression. There are four different stages of kidney disease, patient above 12 years of age are analyzed with 24 different input parameters. Around 160 subject’s parameters were taken into the database. Important feature includes serum creatinine, blood pressure, bacterial infection, pedal edema, urine sugar and sodium level in the blood are included. Machine learning algorithm was developed using MATLAB 2018 to predict the early end stage of CKD. Algorithms like Fine Decision Tree (FDT), Quadratic Support Vector Machine (Quad-SVM) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) are the three main algorithms used for designing the predictor model. Classification Learner Toolkit helps is determining the accurate model and Curve Fitting Toolbox helps in curve fitting over the given data set. After analyzing the system with different predictor model, the model with high accuracy and less training time is chosen. The proposed work also incorporates an e-message alert system linking the nephrologists in case of any emergency wirelessly. It enables high speed prediction and diagnosis process for treatment of subject under high risk factor. The threshold value is continuously monitored and in case if the value exceeds the safer limit, a notification is sent to the physician in proper time.

Role of Panchatikta Panchaprasutik Niruha Vasti in Prediabetes A case report

Background: Prediabetes is an intermediate state of hyperglycemia with glycaemic parameters above normal but below the diabetes threshold. In Ayurveda, it is correlated with Prameha Poovaroopavastha. The risk of developing diabetes remains high with an annual conversion rate 5-10%. Many other studies have shown that the efficacy of lifestyle intervention in diabetes prevention with a relative risk reduction of 40-70% in prediabetes adults. If we treat this disease in early stage then it checks the further pathogenesis of disease. Aim and objectives: The aim of this study was to observe the efficacy of Panchatikta Panchaprasutik Niruha Vasti enema including Palliative treatment in prediabetes. Methods: It is a single case study of 55 years old male patient who was diagnosed with prediabetes correlated as Prameha Poorvaroopa from 1 year approached to Ayurvedic hospital and was treated Panchatikta Panchaprasutik Niruha Vasti. The treatment was continued for consecutive 15 days. Results: After 15days changes were observed in symptoms as well as reduction was seen in blood and urine sugar level and overall quality of life of patient was improved. Conclusion: Patient got satisfactory relief in symptoms as well as objective parameters after 15 days.

Intelligent Toilet System for Non-invasive Estimation of Blood-Sugar Level from Urine

Background and ObjectivesType-2 diabetes is one of the chronic diseases. This disease can be controlled by adjusting the dose of medicine, which is calculated from regular monitoring of blood sugar level. Blood glucose estimation methods are grouped into two categories direct and indirect. The direct method (invasive in nature) provides more accurate results; but people are not interested to test their blood several times in the day; because blood sample collection process is painful. On the other hand, indirect estimation methods are popular due to its non-invasive nature. The most widely used non-invasive blood glucose estimation method is based on urine sugar level estimation. Urine sugar level estimation is a chemical process requiring manual involvement. Human nature is very different; they dislike the repetitive work of testing urine regularly, although the process is not at all cumbersome. It will be very helpful if a system exists, which monitors urine sugar level automatically from the toilet. MethodsThis work describes an automatic technique to estimate blood sugar level from urine. The contribution of this work is as follows:•A complete customized mechanical unit, which controls the chemical process of urine sugar estimation.•An automatic technique to build the fuzzy membership functions from training data set. This system includes a chemical process control along with a fuzzy logic based color estimation technique, where fuzzy membership functions are derived from training data set. One salient feature of this fuzzy membership functions generator is that it is tuneable, that means it allows calibration after constructing membership functions. From application point of view, it is an intelligent toilet to keep track of blood sugar level from urine.The system is divided into two sub sections named as a control section and a computation section. The control section includes the control of mechanical units and chemical process initiation. The activeness of chemical reagent changes over time, this system has the provision to handle such situation through volume adjustment chamber. The control section includes a lot of valve control, they are interdependent. Petri-net is used to synchronise them. Computation section is used for estimation of urine sugar level from the changed color of Benedict's Qualitative Solution. ResultFrom operational point of view, this system is a combination of sequential and parallel sub processes. It can be divided into 9 sub processes. The time required to complete all 9 processes is 660.5 second. This time includes sample collection time, chemical reaction time, result calculation and system cleaning time. The average Sensitivity, Specificity and error rate of the system are as follows 88.0225%, 95.95% and 5.765%. PIPEv4.3.0 is used to analysis the Petri-net. As per the analysis report, the system is safe (reliable). DiscussionThis system is efficient to estimate blood sugar level from urine. This system senses the urine sugar level indirectly using the color sensor. The color sensor is not directly in touch with the chemical of the reaction chamber. The normal toilet cleaning (acidic) solution can be used to clean the chambers. So, maintenance process is quite easy. The proposed system can reduce the probability of glaucoma, kidney problem etc. by assisting doctors to control high blood sugar level through regular monitoring of urine sugar level.

Clinical evaluation of an Ayurvedic Formulation in the management of Avaranajanya Madhumeha (Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus)

A research plan has been developed in the present study to address the problems associated with Avaranajanya Madhumeha (type 2 diabetes). This research plan is based on the treatment methods of Ayurveda (ancient Indian medicine) and utilization of modern scientific methods as research tools. A specific ayurvedic herbo-mineral formulation has been prepared in Ghansatt (solid extract) form; the selected eight herbs and one herbo-mineral have anti-hyperglycemic (PRAMEHA HARA) and antihypercholestermic (MEDOHARA) properties with rejuvenative (RASAYANA) effects as described in classical ayurvedic methods. 15 diagnosed type II diabetes mellitus patients were selected through accidental sampling. Ayurvedic formulation was prescribed to type II diabetes patients for one year along with dietary restrictions. Diabetic diagnostic parameters of these patients like Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Post Patrum Blood Sugar (PPBS), Glycocylated Hemoglobin (HbA1C) and Urine Sugar Fasting were monitored every three months; these were measured before and after intervention. The obtained data were statistically analyzed through paired t-test. There was significant reduction in FBS level, PPBS level, HbA1C level and urine fasting sugar level in type 2 diabetes patients who completed the clinical trial successfully. Thus, ayurvedic formulation treatment lead to an overall significant reduction in blood sugar and urine sugar levels in type II diabetes patients. No side effects were noted during the study period. This study suggests that the ayurvedic formulation had very good hypoglycemic effects proved by clinical improvement and bio-chemical analysis of diabetes parameters in the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus.

Assessment of Therapeutic Outcome and Medication Adherence in Diabetics Consumed Insulin, Oral Hypoglycemics and Poly Herbal Drugs

: Introduction: The overwhelming of consumption of antidiabetes poly herbal products (PHP) would influence the outcomes of hyperglycemia management. The underlying reasons were yet to be reveled; thought to be the herb-drug interactions and delayed adherence towards the conventional anti-diabetes drugs. We hypothesized that consumption of poly herbal antidiabetes products would influence the therapeutic outcome while on treatment with Insulin, oral hypoglycemic (OHG) drugs and/or both. We also hypothesized that trends towards poly herbal antidiabetes products would change the adherence towards conventional drug treatments and life style modifications. Methods: A total of 1251 patients with both type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus of age 20-60 year, their fasting blood sugar (FBS) >110 mg/dl and /or random blood sugar (RBS) >150 mg/dl and urine sugar level >50 mg/dl were enrolled. The patients used herbal products, steroids, pregnant and lactating women and diabetic micro vascular disorders were excluded. The physical and vital parameters, symptoms of hyper/hypoglycemia were monitored. Diabetes Self-Assessment Questionnaire 16 (DSMQ-16); the scale used to assess their glucose management, physical activity, dietary control and physician contact was administered to each patient as a measure of adherence to the treatment. Results: The adherence level towards Insulin was found to be decreased while oral hypoglycemic drugs showed well. The consumption of PHP was most prevalent as well as adherence level. The markers of hyperglycemia were found to be altered in patient consumed PHP along with OHG drugs (p<0.05). The random blood sugar (RBS) levels were not found to be normalized (p<0.05) while fasting blood sugar (FBS) were found to be responded (p<0.05). Conclusion: The PHP had a significant influence on OGH drugs. Since the adherence towards Insulin was decreased and assumed OHG-herb interactions the hyperglycemia management was not carried out. We recommend noncompartment Pharmacokinetic as well as Pharmacodynamics studies along with therapeutic drug monitoring.Key words: Poly herbal, Oral hypoglycemic drugs, Insulin, Adherence.

Anti-diabetic activity of quercetin extracted from Phyllanthus emblica L. fruit: In silico and in vivo approaches

In this study, molecular interactions of the ligands, quercetin, gallic acid, and metformin with various diabetes mellitus-related protein targets, such as glycogen phosphorylase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, were assessed. It was revealed that quercetin possesses good binding affinity to both targets. Quercetin is a major constituent of methanolic extracts of Phyllanthus emblica fruit. The antihyperglycemic effect of quercetin in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats was examined. The isolated quercetin administered at a dose of 75mg/kg body weight produced a maximum decrease of 14.78% in blood glucose levels in the diabetic rats after 7 days of treatment. Furthermore, quercetin doses of 50 and 75mg/kg were shown to significantly improve the profiles of triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, very-low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol at the end of the study in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The administration of quercetin (25, 50, and 75mg/kg body weight) daily for 28 days in STZ-induced diabetic rats resulted in a significant decrease in blood glucose and urine sugar levels, with a considerable rise in plasma insulin and hemoglobin levels. Therefore, quercetin is a potential drug with antidiabetic and antihyperglycemic action mediated by changes in the levels of glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides as indicated by in silico and in vivo studies.

Effect of selected yogic practices on blood sugar and urine sugar levels of diabetic patients

Effect of selected yogic practices on blood sugar and urine sugar levels of diabetic patients

A CLINICAL STUDY EVALUATING THE EFFICACY OF NISHA KATAKADI KASHAYA IN MADHUMEHA (DIABETES MELLITUS)

The objective of the study is to have a conceptual review of the disease madhumeha and its treatment, in particular to the use of shamana chikitsa using nisha katakadi kashaya in the disease madhumeha. Diabetes (Madhumeha) is one of the types of Vataja Prameha; that has been considered as an incurable disease (Mahagada). Due to the indulgence in etiological factors it results in the incomple te formation of kapha and meda which further proceeds downward through the channels of Mutravaha Srotas and get localized at Basti Mukha leading to the symptoms like polyuria (prabhoota mutrata), turbidity (avila mutrata). As the disease is chirakari, it r equires an effective treatment which can be continued for a long time without any ill effects. Among the many treatment measures mentioned, Shamana using nisha katakadi kashaya has been selected in this study and the effect is evaluated. This clinical stud y has a single group pretest and post test design where the patients were assessed before, during and after the treatment. Therapeutic effect of the treatment was observed using the subjective and the objective criteria’s which were graded and analyzed st atistically using the paired‘t’ test. The study showed a marked remission of the symptoms of madhumeha and in the urine and blood sugar levels in almost all patients in this study. The response by the treatment was statistically significant in terms of all the parameters of the disease. Thus the usage of nisha katakadi kashaya is proved to be useful in the condition madhumeha.

The Effectiveness of Problem-Based Learning on Evidence Based Medicine: A Double-Blind Randomized Trial

Abstract: The anti-diabetic activity of methanolic extract of seed of Diplocyclos palmatus Linn. (Cucurbetaceae) was evaluated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Methanolic extract of the seed (150 mg/kg body weight), was administered orally to male Swiss albino mice. Streptozotocin was used to induce diabetes mellitus. The anti-diabetic potential was assessed by determining oral glucose tolerance, fasting blood glucose, urine glucose, liver glycogen content, serum lipid profile, change in body weight and histopathology. Methanolic seed extract was administered to normal and experimental diabetic mice for 15 days. Significant (p < 0.001) reduction in fasting blood glucose levels was observed in the treated diabetic animals from day 7 onwards. In oral glucose tolerance test, reduction of fasting blood glucose levels was noted after 60 min of extract administration. After 15 days of treatment with extracts the maximum reduction in fasting blood glucose (53.87%) was observed in diabetic mice treated with methanolic extract 150 mg/kg. Serum lipid levels reversed towards near normal and the loss of body weight was controlled in treated mice as compared to diabetic control. The extract treatment also showed a significant increase in the liver glycogen content and gradual decrease in level of urine sugar level. Microscopically examined pancreas section of mice treated with 150 mg/kg methanolic extract showed normal architecture of pancreas. The results demonstrate that seed of Diplocyclos palmatus possesses significant anti-diabetic activity. The results suggest that Diplocyclos palmatus has anti-diabetic activity, thereby justifying its traditional use. The plant may be used in present day systems of medicine as an anti-diabetic drug. Keywords: Diplocyclos palmatus, Seeds, Streptozotocin, Diabetes.

Venturi-Electrosonic Spray Ionization Cataluminescence Sensor Array for Saccharides Detection

In this article, a Venturi electrosonic spray ionization (V-ESSI) cataluminescence (CTL) sensor array was reported for discriminating saccharides in solution. Integrating electrosonic spray ionization (ESSI), a liquid system of Venturi self-pumping injection for the CTL reaction, was fabricated for enhancing CTL reactivity of aqueous samples. Comparing with simple Venturi injection by air and Venturi easy ambient sonic-spray ionization without electric assistance (V-EASI), the remarkable enhancement of CTL signals resulted from V-ESSI. This system showed higher cross-reactive CTL responses catalyzed by alkaline earth metal-nanomaterials than other catalysts, giving different signals for a given saccharide on different catalysts and different responses for different saccharides on the same catalyst. Then, a 4 × 2 CTL sensor array was used for obtaining "fingerprints" of distinct CTL response patterns. Analyzed by linear discriminant analysis (LDA), this V-ESSI CTL sensor array not only achieved the well discrimination of different saccharides (99.9% of total variation) but also discriminated four groups of urine sugar-level for urine samples from diabetic patients (98.1% of discrimination accuracy). It had good reproducibility and gave a linear range of 22.5-67558 μg/mL (R > 0.99) for xylose with a detection limit of 7.4 μg/mL on MgO. As a new artificial tongue, this system provided a simple, rapid, low cost, low energy consumption, and environmentally friendly pathway for aqueous sample discrimination. It has dramatically expanded applications of the CTL-based senor array and will be applicable to clinical diagnoses, environment monitoring, industrial controls, food industry, and various marine monitoring.

Frequency of diabetic retinopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus and its correlation with duration of diabetes mellitus

<b>Purpose</b> : To evaluate the correlation between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and duration of diabetes mellitus (DM). <b>Materials and Methods</b> : A cross-sectional study was carried out in 500 patients who were reported diabetics or newly diagnosed diabetics referred for screening for DR. Patients with posterior segment disease in whom posterior segment was not visualized were excluded from the study. A detailed evaluation of patients diabetic and hypertensive status was done along with their detailed ophthalmological examination. All patients were investigated for blood sugar levels, urine sugar levels, and HbA ₁ C. Grading of DR was done by the ETDRS grading system. <b>Results</b> : Total prevalence of DR is 32%. Among these, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) is seen in 71.88% and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in 28.12% patients. This study shows an increasing prevalence of DR with increasing duration of DM. The prevalence of DR was seen to be 9.44% when duration of diabetes detected was less than 5 years and was 76.47% in patients with diabetes of more than 20 to 25 years. <b>Conclusion</b> : There is an increasing prevalence of DR with increase in duration of DM. All patients having diabetes of more than 25 years were found to have retinopathy.

A Possible Connection Between Antidiabetic &amp; Antilipemic Properties of Psoralea corylifolia Seeds and the Trace Elements Present: A LIBS Based Study

Psoralea corylifolia (PC), a medicinal plant, is used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes. Purpose of the research was to examine the antidiabetic and antilipemic potential of PC and to determine the relationship between its antidiabetic potential and the trace elements present. Wistar rats (150–200 g) with fasting blood glucose (FBG) of 80–110 mg dl−1(sub-diabetic) and 150–200 mg dl−1(mild diabetic) were selected for the short term antidiabetic studies and severely diabetic rats (FBG > 300 mg dl−1) were chosen for the long term antidiabetic and hypolipemic studies of PC seed extract. Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was used to detect trace elements in the PC extract and the intensity ratios of trace elements were estimated. The dose of 250 mg kg−1 of PC extract was found to be the most effective in lowering blood glucose level (BGL) of normal, sub, mild and severely diabetic rats during FBG and glucose tolerance test (GTT) studies. Lipid profile studies on severely diabetic rats showed substantial reduction in total cholesterol, triglycerides, very low density lipoprotein, and low density lipoprotein and an increase in the total protein, body weight, high density lipoprotein, and hemoglobin after 28 days of treatment. Significant reduction in urine sugar and protein levels was also observed. LIBS analysis of the PC extract revealed the presence of Mg, Si, Na, K, Ca, Zn and Cl. The study validates the traditional use of PC in the treatment of diabetes and confirms its antilipemic potential. The antidiabetic activity of PC extract may partly be due to the presence of appreciable amounts of insulin potentiating elements like Mg, Ca, and K.

Evaluation of antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant effects of Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich., Urticaceae, root extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

The potential role of 80% methanolic extract of Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich., Urticaceae, root in the treatment of diabetes, along with its antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant effects, was studied in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Wistar rats. Preliminary screening of the extract revealed the presence of polyphenolics and flavonoids. The animal study was conducted with variable doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg of extract for 21 days in diabetic rats. A significant effect was observed at a dose of 500 mg/kg, which was comparable to the standard drug, glibenclamide. Administration of the extract at a 500 mg/kg dose resulted in a significant reduction of fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, blood urea, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, urine sugar and urine ketone levels in diabetic rats in comparison with the diabetic control group. Additionally, this dose significantly increased body weight, hemoglobin, plasma total protein, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, liver glycogen content, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione and catalase levels in diabetic rats at the end of 21 days of treatment. Therefore, dietary supplementation with Boehmeria nivea root extract could be beneficial for correcting hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and enhancing the antioxidant defense system.

Anti-diabetic Effects of Monascus purpureus NTU 568 Fermented Products on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Red-mold-fermented products have the unique ability to economically produce many secondary metabolites and are known to improve blood circulation. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that is characterized by hyperglycemia caused by insufficient insulin action. In the current study, we examine the effect of Monascus purpureus NTU 568 fermented products on fasting blood glucose and oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. After 8 weeks of being fed with red-mold-fermented products at a dose of 200 mg/kg, the experimental results indicate that oral administration of red-mold-fermented products can delay the development of the plasma glucose level in rats. A significant reduction was found in urine sugar and urine protein levels. The study scientifically validates the widely claimed use of red-mold-fermented products as an ethnomedicine to treat diabetes mellitus.

Evaluation of Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Activity of Buteamonosperma Fruit in Diabetic Human Subjects

Evaluation of the hypoglycemic activity of local Butea monosperma (Palas papra) fruit in normal and diabetic human volunteers was conducted. Sampling was accomplished in and around the city of Faisalabad, especially at the Khadija Mahmood Trust Hospital and at the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Volunteers were categorized into normal and diabetic subjects on the basis of their blood glucose levels. Male and female diabetic volunteers aged between 30 and 60 years participated in the study. All the diabetic volunteers suffered from diabetes type II, i.e. non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The subjects were divided into 5 groups as follows: Group A - Untreated normal subjects; Group B - Normal subjects who received powdered B. monosperma (3 g) in 30 mL of water for 30 days, orally; Group C - Control diabetic subjects; Group D - Diabetic subjects who received powdered (3 g) in 30 mL of water for 30 days, orally; and Group E - Diabetic subjects who received a 5-mg tablet b. I. d. of Daonil® (a standard oral antidiabetic drug) in 30 mL of water for 30 days. The oral administration of B. monosperma fruit to diabetic and normal subjects for 30 days decreased (P < 0.05) blood glucose, urine sugar, and plasma glycoprotein levels, as well as the lipid profile and the activity of liver enzymes. In conclusion, the powder of the medicinal plant B. monosperma fruit can be considered an effective and alternative treatment for diabetes.