There are limited population-based data on the incidence and risk factors for childhood stroke, including associations with recent infection and vaccination. Therefore, we aimed to determine (1) the incidence of childhood ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and (2) associations between a recent infection or vaccination and the risk of childhood stroke. A population-based case-control study was undertaken using linked administrative data from 2017 to 2023 in Victoria, Australia. All residents, aged 28 days to <18 years, were included. Infections in the 60 days immediately before admission were ascertained using state-wide notifiable infections and hospital admissions data sets. Vaccinations in the 42 days immediately before admission were ascertained using the Australian Immunisation Register. Strokes were identified in state-wide hospital admissions and death registry databases. Each case of childhood stroke was matched with up to 5 nonstroke controls on age (1-year bands), sex, socioeconomic position, comorbidities, and year. Conditional logistic regression was used to examine associations between infection and vaccination with childhood stroke. Over the 7 years, 571 childhood strokes (60% ischemic; median age 8.2 years; 44% female patients) occurred among 9,881,934 person-years (5.8 events [95% CI 5.3-6.3] per 100,000 person-years). Two in 5 patients had evidence of an infection in the preceding 60 days, with lower respiratory infections (n = 74), sepsis (n = 67), upper respiratory tract infections (n = 63), meningitis/encephalitis (n = 40), gastrointestinal tract infections (n = 28), and urinary tract infections (n = 22) being the most common. Children with stroke (vs matched controls) were more likely to have had a recent infection (cases 41.9% vs controls 18.6%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.54, 95% CI 1.97-3.27). The magnitude of this association was greater for ischemic stroke (aOR 3.39, 95% CI 2.45-4.69) than hemorrhagic stroke (aOR 1.90, 95% CI 1.24-2.90). No significant association was detected between recent vaccination and childhood stroke (cases 4.2% vs controls 2.5%; aOR 1.69, 95% CI 0.92-3.09). We provide contemporary data on new cases of childhood stroke in Australia, using population-wide linked data. Having a recent infection doubled the risk of childhood stroke. We found no significant evidence of an association between vaccination and childhood stroke.

Lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to neurogenic bladder impact quality of life and symptom burden significantly. These conditions are also associated with serious complications, including febrile urinary tract infections (UTIs) and impaired renal function. This study aimed to specify and rank the neurogenic bladder risk factors, their consequences, and finally the induced complications observed in neurourology. We conducted a Delphi consensus between October 2023 and April 2025. A steering committee performed a comprehensive literature review and drafted initial proposals. A review committee and a multidisciplinary expert panel were formed to evaluate and rate the proposals. The standard Delphi methodology was followed throughout. After three rounds, 22 proposals were validated. Six proposals addressed the complications (renal failure, febrile UTIs, and autonomic dysreflexia), while 16 focused on risk factors, including disease modality (spinal cord injury and myelomeningocele), urodynamic characteristics (detrusor leak point pressure ≥40cmH2O and low bladder compliance), and treatment-related risk factors (use of indwelling or suprapubic catheters). This consensus allows to specification and prioritization of the risk factors, thus providing clinical elements for the assessment and follow-up of patients with neurogenic bladder. While expert agreement was generally strong, the process highlighted a significant lack of validated criteria in the current literature. Most urodynamic thresholds are derived from small, retrospective studies, and carried out in specific populations. The findings underscore the need for better-defined, evidence-based risk stratification in neurourology. This consensus validated 22 expert-approved proposals, including six addressing the complications and 16 identifying the risk factors associated with neurogenic bladder. This expert's consensus provides a better understanding of upper urinary tract complications for patients with neurogenic bladder. It may help practitioners to better distinguish high-risk patients from low-risk patients and improve their management to avoid potential complications (renal failure, urinary tract infections, and other complications).

Prenatal diagnosis of urinary tract dilation: Comparative prognostic value of APDRP and UTD grading systems.

Multi-omics profiling reveals CKM syndrome severity as a gradient risk factor for cancer: A prospective cohort study.

Divergent Differentiation and Histologic Subtypes in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Demonstrate Distinct Patterns of Extraurothelial Recurrence.

KguS/KguR two-component system as a molecular marker for E. coli strains associated with chronic urinary tract infections (cUTI).

Fabrication of bioprints self-coated with thermally sensitive lactobacilli for CAUTI applications.

Risk factors, clinical outcomes of patients with Ceftazidime/Avibactam-resistant carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection and its potential resistant mechanisms.

Association of body mass index and length of stay in patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery for uterine cancer: a National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) study.

Role of urinary biomarkers in the diagnosis of lupus cystitis in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: Relation to disease activity and lower urinary tract manifestations

Clinical outcomes and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors in the older population with heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Feasibility and safety of double-J ureteral stent with a timed-release extraction string in children.

A visual-colorimetric-photothermal multimodal immunoassay for sensitive and quantitative detection of Escherichia coli.

A modified urodynamic quality control quick checklist for pediatrics: Reducing technical artifacts to enhance assessment reliability.

Cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) are common in alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), but their impact on clinical outcomes is unclear. We evaluated whether CMRF identifies a higher-risk phenotype among adults with ALD. We performed a multicenter retrospective cohort study within the TriNetX research network, including adults with ALD (ICD-10 K70) from 2010 to 2019. CMRFs were defined by overweight/obesity, dysglycemia, hypertension or dyslipidemia using the steatotic liver disease framework. Individuals with other liver diseases, cancer, prior liver transplantation or pregnancy were excluded. After 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) on demographics, comorbidities, laboratory indices and medications, we compared ALD with versus without CMRF using Cox models, overall and stratified by cirrhosis. After matching, 2942 adults with ALD were included (ALD with CMRF, n = 1471; without CMRF, n = 1471). Five-year all-cause mortality was similar between groups (Hazard Ratio [HR]: 1.01, 95% CI 0.83-1.23). In contrast, ALD patients with CMRF had higher risks of alcohol-associated hepatitis (HR 2.12, 95% CI 1.62-2.79) and a numerically higher risk of major adverse liver outcomes (HR 1.14, 95% CI 0.98-1.32). Cardiovascular complications were markedly increased, including major adverse cardiovascular events (HR 3.07, 95% CI 2.14-4.39), arrhythmia (12.4% vs. 4.8%, HR 2.24, 95% CI 1.70-2.94) and heart failure (HR 3.70, 95% CI 2.11-6.47). Infectious events were also more frequent among CMRF patients, including sepsis, urinary tract infection and pneumonia. Associations were generally stronger among patients with cirrhosis. Among individuals with ALD, CMRF does not increase short- to intermediate-term mortality but identifies a phenotype with substantially higher liver, cardiovascular and infectious morbidity. Systematic detection and intensive management of CMRF should be integrated into ALD care pathways.

Safety and toxicity assessment of Lactobacillus salivarius AP-32 with Probiotic potential in vivo and in vitro.

Identification of therapeutic targets and potential phytochemicals for UTI treatment from Myristica fragrans through CADD.

The actual usefulness of culturing apheresis products in hematopoietic stem cell autotransplants.

Molecular characterization of O25:H4 ST131 extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) harboring a blaOXA-48-carrying IncFII plasmid.

Implementing multi-modal nursing strategies to reduce catheter-associated urinary tract infections in adult inpatients: a scoping review.