Detection Of Uric Acid Research Articles

ZnO-CeO2 Hollow Nanospheres for Selective Determination of Dopamine and Uric Acid.

ZnO-CeO2 hollow nanospheres have been successfully synthesized via the hard templating method, in which CeO2 is used as the support skeleton to avoid ZnO agglomeration. The synthesized ZnO-CeO2 hollow nanospheres possess a large electrochemically active area and high electron transfer owing to the high specific surface area and synergistic effect of ZnO and CeO2. Due to the above advantages, the resulting ZnO-CeO2 hollow spheres display high sensitivities of 1122.86 μA mM-1 cm-2 and 908.53 μA mM-1 cm-2 under a neutral environment for the selective detection of dopamine and uric acid. The constructed electrochemical sensor shows excellent selectivity, stability and recovery for the selective analysis of dopamine and uric acid in actual samples. This study provides a valuable strategy for the synthesis of ZnO-CeO2 hollow nanospheres via the hard templating method as electrocatalysts for the selective detection of dopamine and uric acid.

ZnO nanoflakes decorated graphene oxide acting as an efficient platform for precise detection of uric acid via rhodamine fluorescence quenching

Herein, we report 2D based nanocomposite of metallic architectures as probe material for the detection of uric acid (UA). In brief, ZnO nanoflakes are grown on the basal surface of graphene oxide (GO/ZnO-NF), which eventually influences the fluorescence intensity of Rhodamine B (Rh) with varying concentrations of UA. This nanocomposite was synthesized at a low cost with optimized one-step hydrothermal process. It was observed that the transfer of electrons between GO/ZnO-NF and Rh resulted in the oxidation of UA, corroborating significant quenching of fluorescence intensity of Rh. This conjecture was later applied for the quantitative analysis of UA, affirming gradual quenching of fluorescence as a factor of UA concentration in the range of (50 µM – 8*103 µM) with a detection limit of 5.4 µM. Our fluorescent-based sensor was effective for the serum sample without losing its sensitivity, selectivity and analytical performance. Based on these findings, we anticipate that this simple, non-enzymatic, robust, inexpensive method can be a useful tool for diagnostics and biomedical applications.

Rapid aqueous preparation of carbon quantum dots and their application as nanozyme for the detection of hydrogen peroxide and uric acid

A green and rapid method was developed to synthesize a series of carbon quantum dots (Fe,N/CQDs, Fe,S/CQDs, S,N/CQDs and Fe,S,N/CQDs) through thermal decomposition using persimmon frost as a carbon source. All the synthesized CQDs have peroxidase-like activity, and the comparision of their steady-state kinetic parameters inferred that the peroxidase-like activity of Fe,S,N/CQDs is superior to those of Fe,S/CQDs and Fe,N/CQDs. Furthermore, Fe,S,N/CQDs exhibited good affinity towards 3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and H2O2 compared to natural horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and other nanozymes. In theory, uric acid (UA) can produce H2O2 with the catalysis by uricase. Fe,S,N/CQDs could catalyze the breakdown of H2O2 to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can oxidize TMB (colorless) to oxTMB (blue). Based on the nanozyme-catalyzed oxidation of TMB, a simple and sensitive colorimetric sensor was developed for the quantitative analysis of H2O2 and UA. Low limit of detection (0.73 μM), wide linear range (1–80 μM) and good repeatability were obtained. The sensor was also demonstrated for the determination of UA in biological samples and satisfactory results were obtained.

Alumina inorganic molecularly imprinted polymer modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes for uric acid detection in sweat.

Alumina inorganic molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on a glassy carbon electrode (MWCNTs-Al2O3-MIP/GCE) was firstly designed and fabricated by one-step electro deposition technique for the detection of uric acid (UA) in sweat. The UA templates were embedded within the inorganic MIP by co-deposition with Al2O3. Through the evaluation of morphology and structure by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), it was verified that the specific recognition sites can be fabricated in the electrodeposited Al2O3 molecular imprinted layer. Due to the high selectivity of molecular imprinting holes, the MWCNTs-Al2O3-MIP/GCE electrode demonstrated an impressive imprinting factor of approximately 2.338 compared to the non-molecularly imprinted glassy carbon electrode (MWCNTs-Al2O3-NIP/GCE) toward uric acid detection. Moreover, it exhibited a remarkable limit of detection (LOD) of 50nM for UA with wide detection range from 50nM to 600μM. The MWCNTs-Al2O3-MIP/GCE electrode also showed strong interference resistance against common substances found in sweat. These results highlight the excellent interference resistance and selectivity of MWCNTs-Al2O3-MIP/GCE sensor, positioning it as a novel sensing platform for non-invasive uric acid detection in human sweat.

Graphdiyne marries PEDOT:PSS to form high-stable heterostructure from 2-unstable components toward ultra-low detection limit of uric acid detection in sweat.

PSS has been used as abiomimetic uric acid (UA) sensor but suffers from unfortunate low detection limit (LOD), narrow detection range and poor stability. Herein, we get graphdiyne (GDY) marry PEDOT:PSS to create a very stable GDY@PEDOT:PSS heterostructure for a biomimetic UA sensor, which accomplishes the lowest LOD (6nM), the widest detection range (0.03μM-7mM) and the longest stability (98.1% for 35days) among the related UA sensors. The sensor was successfully used to in situ real-time detection of UA in sweat. The enhancement mechanisms of the sensor were investigated, and results discover that C≡C of GDY and C = C of PEDOT:PSS can cross-link each other by π-π interactions, making not only the former strongly resistant against oxidation deterioration, but also causes the latterto efficiently prevent water swelling of polymer for poor conductivity, thereby leading to high stability from both components. While the stabilized heterostructure can also offer more active sites by enhanced absorption of UA via π-π interactions for highly sensitive detection of UA. This work holds great promise for a practical sweat UA sensor while providing scientific insight to design a stable and electrocatalytically active structure from two unstable components.

Simultaneous and sensitive detection of ascorbic acid and uric acid using a novel MnTMPyP/LaTa2O7 nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode

A novel nanocomposite MnTMPyP/LaTa2O7 was synthesized via intercalation of [5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis (N-methylpyridinium-4-yl) porphyrinato manganese (III) (MnTMPyP) into the laminar structure of RbLaTa2O7 using an ion exchange method. An electrochemical sensor utilizing a MnTMPyP/LaTa2O7 modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was employed for the simultaneous detection of ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA). X-ray diffractometry, Fourier infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were utilized to characterize the structure in this experiment. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were employed to analyze the electrochemical properties. The MnTMPyP/LaTa2O7/GCE demonstrated a larger electrochemically active area (0.106 cm2), lower charge transfer resistance (43.1 Ω), and enhanced catalytic activity compared to single-component modified electrodes (RbLaTa2O7/GCE, bare/GCE). The detection limits, within the concentration ranges of 1.25–40.41 μM for AA and 0.62–11.81 μM for UA (S/N = 3), were estimated to be 0.37 μM and 0.44 μM, respectively. MnTMPyP/LaTa2O7/GCE also exhibits excellent stability, reproducibility, and anti-interference compared to previous literatures. Furthermore, the performance of MnTMPyP/LaTa2O7/GCE was demonstrated in real urine samples, achieving recoveries between 98.7 % and 103.5 %. The ion exchange provides a simpler method for the preparation of multifunctional electrochemical sensing.

ZnO Nanocages Decorated with Au@AgAu Yolk-Shell Nanomaterials for SERS-Based Detection of Hyperuricemia.

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is widely recognized as a highly sensitive technology for chemical detection and biological sensing. In SERS-based biomedical applications, developing highly efficient sensing platforms based on SERS plays a pivotal role in monitoring disease biomarker levels and facilitating the early detection of cancer biomarkers. Hyperuricemia, characterized by abnormally high concentrations of uric acid (UA) in the blood, was associated with a range of diseases, such as gouty arthritis, heart disease, and acute kidney injury. Recent reports have demonstrated the correlation between UA concentrations in blood and tears. In this work, we report the fabrication of SERS substrates utilizing ZnO nanocages and yolk-shell-structured plasmonic nanomaterials for the noninvasive detection of UA in tears. This innovative SERS substrate enables noninvasive and sensitive detection of UA to prevent hyperuricemia-related diseases.

Non-enzymatic Detection of Uric Acid in Serum and Urine by Fluorescent and Visual Dual-Mode Sensor Based on 3-aminophenylboric Acid Functionalized Carbon Dots.

Herein, we developed a sophisticated dual-mode sensor that utilized 3-aminophenylboric acid functionalized carbon dots (APBA-CDs) to accurately detect uric acid (UA). Our innovative process involved synthesizing APBA-CDs that emitted at 369nm using a one-step hydrothermal method with 3-aminophenylboric acid and L-glutamine as precursors, ethanol and deionized water as solvents. Once UA was introduced to the APBA-CDs, the fluorescence of the system became visibly quenched. The results of Zeta potential, Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectra, fluorescence lifetime, and other characteristics were analyzed to determine that the reaction mechanism was static quenching. This meant that after UA was mixed with APBA-CDs, it combined with the boric acid function on the surface to form complexes, resulting in a decrease in fluorescence intensity and a blue shift in the absorption peak at about 295nm in the Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectra. We were pleased to report that we have successfully used the dual-reading platform to accurately detect UA in serum and human urine. It provided a superior quantitative and visual analysis of UA without the involvement of enzymes. We firmly believe that our innovative dual-mode sensor has immense potential in the fields of biosensing and health monitoring.

Design and Fabrication of NiMn Layered Double Hydroxide/Reduced Graphene Oxide as Electrochemical Sensor for Simultaneous Detection of Ascorbic Acid, Dopamine and Uric Acid

Design and Fabrication of NiMn Layered Double Hydroxide/Reduced Graphene Oxide as Electrochemical Sensor for Simultaneous Detection of Ascorbic Acid, Dopamine and Uric Acid

One-pot synthesis of cerium-organic framework@carbon black composites for simultaneous detection of dopamine, uric acid, and acetaminophen

Accurate identification of dopamine (DA), uric acid (UA), and acetaminophen (APAP) is critical to safeguarding human health. However, their simultaneous detection is still challenging due to their similar oxidation potentials. In this work, a series of new composites based on cerium-organic framework (Ce-MOF) and carbon black (CB) were constructed by one-pot method at room temperature. The introduction of CB can significantly affect the conductivity and specific surface area of the composites. The optimal composite Ce-MOF-COOH/CB0.4 can identify DA, UA, and APAP simultaneously with low detection limit of 0.030, 0.045, and 0.057 μM and wide detection range of 2.5–310.0, 3.0–305.0, and 2.5–617.0 μM, respectively. Furthermore, density-functional theory (DFT) calculation was performed to explore the influence of functional groups (-NH2 or –COOH) on the sensing performance. It was found that the introduced functional groups can obviously enhance the host-guest interactions through the formation of strong hydrogen bonds, which is beneficial for promoting sensing performance. In addition, the constructed electrode could also detect DA, UA, and APAP in real samples, which indicated its potential for practical applications. This study provides a feasible approach to utilize MOFs as electrochemical sensors for simultaneously detection of biomolecules.

An unlabeled electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous detection of homocysteine and uric acid based on molecularly imprinted recognition for prediction of cardiovascular disease risk

An unlabeled molecular imprinted electrochemical sensor was developed for simultaneous detection of homocysteine and uric acid, based on gold nanoparticles and molecularly imprinted polymer composites modified glass carbon electrode. Gold nanoparticles stably enhanced the electron transfer and improved the sensitivity by acting as a base for enhancing signal for molecularly imprinted polymers. Specific molecular imprinting cavities based on electropolymerization with dopamine were formed to specifically and simultaneously identify homocysteine and uric acid. Combining the good sensitivity of electrochemistry and the excellent selectivity of molecularly imprinted polymer, the difference in peak current position was used to achieve simultaneous detection of homocysteine and uric acid. For this reason, the developed sensor showed the wide detection range of 5.00 × 10−3-1.00 × 103 μmol/L for homocysteine and 5.00 × 10−1-5.00 × 103 μmol/L for uric acid, with the LOD of 5.64 × 10−5 μmol/L and 0.128 μmol/L (S/N = 3). The developed sensor with easy preparation, great selectivity and short detection time could be used in simultaneous detection of homocysteine and uric acid in serum.

Detection of uric acid using colorimetric method based on iron-doped single-atom catalyst with peroxidase activity

Detection of uric acid using colorimetric method based on iron-doped single-atom catalyst with peroxidase activity

An “On‐Site Transformation” Strategy for Electrochemical Formation of TiO2 Nanoparticles/Ti3C2Tx MXene/Reduced Graphene Oxide Heterojunction Electrode Controllably toward Ultrasensitive Detection of Uric Acid

Ascribing to the abundance of Ti element, exceptional electrical conductivity, and electrocatalytic performance, titanium carbide MXene (Ti3C2Tx, MX) is considered as an ideal conductive matrix and employed for in situ preparation of promising TiO2 NPs@MX/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) heterojunction electrodes for uric acid (UA) detection. However, the incapability of achieving the controllable growth and synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) on MX nanosheets is a bottleneck in fabricating optimal and controllable TiO2 NPs@MX hybrid. Herein, an “on‐site transformation strategy” is developed to synthetize TiO2 NPs@MX/rGO heterojunction platform controllably by in situ electrochemical oxidizing MX nanosheets at various treatment times. The proposed approach allows for the greater operability to controllably grow and synthetize TiO2 NPs on the surface of MX nanosheets. The heterojunction electrodes present a linear voltammetric response toward UA in the concentration range of 0.003–0.3 and 0.3–300 μm and a low detection limit of 0.78 nm (S/N = 3). Additionally, a handheld electrochemical system with a smartphone readout is developed for point‐of‐care health monitoring, enabling fast, precise, and specific recognition of UA in real urine samples. The study provides a facile and controllable approach to fabricate TiO2 NPs@MX/rGO heterojunction platform for future use in other biomolecules' detection.

Polythiophene-wrapped Chitosan Nanofibrils with a Bouligand Structure toward Electrochemical Macroscopic Membranes.

Exploring structural biomimicry is a great opportunity to replicate hierarchical frameworks inspired by nature in advanced functional materials for boosting new applications. In this work, we present the biomimetic integration of polythiophene into chitosan nanofibrils in a twisted Bouligand structure to afford free-standing macroscopic composite membranes with electrochemical functionality. By considering the integrity of the Bouligand structure in crab shells, we can produce large, free-standing chitosan nanofibril membranes with iridescent colors and flexible toughness. These unique structured features lead the chitosan membranes to host functional additives to mimic hierarchically layered composites. We used the iridescent chitosan nanofibrils as a photonic platform to investigate the host-guest combination between thiophene and chitosan through oxidative polymerization to fabricate homogeneous polythiophene-wrapped chitosan composites. This biomimetic incorporation fully retains the twisted Bouligand organization of nanofibrils in the polymerized assemblies, thus giving rise to free-standing macroscopic electrochemical membranes. Our further experiments are the modification of the biomimetic polythiophene-wrapped chitosan composites on a glassy carbon electrode to design a three-electrode system for simultaneous electrochemical detection of uric acid, xanthine, hypoxanthine, and caffeine at trace concentrations.

A conducting polymer-based array with multiplex sensing and drug delivery capabilities for smart bandages

Effective individual wound management, particularly in cases of prolonged healing and increased infection vulnerability, has prompted the development of wound theranostics, combining real-time diagnostic assessment and on-demand treatment. Here, we present a multifunctional conducting polymer-based smart theranostic bandage that integrates pH sensing, pH-compensated uric acid (UA) biosensing, and on-demand antibiotic release using different conducting polymers, each leveraging their advantageous intrinsic properties. Specifically, the polyaniline-based pH sensor operates reversibly across a pH range of 4–10, while the functionalized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-based UA biosensor exhibits a linear response up to 0.9 mM UA. Simultaneous detection of pH and UA allows accurate UA determination via pH compensation. Upon detecting abnormal pH/UA levels, the polypyrrole-based drug carrier releases ciprofloxacin via 0.6 V electrical stimulation, successfully inhibiting bacterial growth in vitro. The array is assembled as a 3D patch, connected to a flexible printed circuit board, and embedded in a wound bandage, offering potential for remote wound monitoring, targeted treatment, and wireless wound management.

Purpald-functionalized biosensor for simultaneous electrochemical detection of ascorbic acid, uric acid, L-cysteine and lipoic acid

The polymer purpald (4-amino-3-hydrazino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole) film on glassy carbon electrode (p-Purpald@GCE) was fabricated using purpald monomer by electropolymerization method, and the modified electrode was applied as a probe for the simultaneous sensing of ascorbic acid (AA), uric acid (UA), L-cysteine (L-Cys) and lipoic acid (LA). The modified p-Purpald@GCE was well characterized by Scanning electrode microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) techniques. CV, EIS results were confirmed the good electrocatayst nature of p-Purpald@GCE. Independent and simultaneous detection of AA, UA, L-Cys, and LA ware performed by DPV method. For Independent detection, based on the oxidation current changes, we have calculated the limit of detection (LOD) of 392, 137, 341 and 200 nM (LOD) = 3S/m) for AA, UA, L-Cys and LA, respectively. The simultaneous detection of AA, UA, L-Cys, and LA executed and LOD found to be 364, 132, 275 and 192 nM, respectively. The modified electrode shows the high selectivity towards AA, UA, L-Cys and LA even in the presence of high concentration of other interferences. The developed sensor technique will be useful for the sensitive and simultaneous detection of AA, UA, L-Cys, and LA in food and clinical samples.

Application of Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry for Direct Estimation of the Total Levels of Adenosine and Its Catabolites in Human Blood.

Adenosine is a multifunctional nucleoside with several roles across various levels in organisms. Beyond its intracellular involvement in cellular metabolism, extracellular adenosine potently influences both physiological and pathological processes. In relation to its blood level, adenosine impacts the cardiovascular system, such as heart beat rate and vasodilation. To exploit the adenosine levels in the blood, we employed the liquid chromatography method coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Immediately after collection, a blood sample mixed with acetonitrile solution that is either enriched with 13C-labeled adenosine or a newly generated mixture is transferred into the tubes containing the defined amount of 13C-labeled adenosine. The 13C-enriched isotopic adenosine is used as an internal standard, allowing for more accurate quantification of adenosine. This novel protocol for LC-MS-based estimation of adenosine delivers a rapid, highly sensitive, and reproducible means for quantitative estimation of total adenosine in blood. The method also allows for quantification of a few catabolites of adenosine, i.e., inosine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine. Our current setup did not allow for the detection or quantifying of uric acid, which is the final product of adenosine catabolism. This advancement provides an analytical tool that has the potential to enhance our understanding of adenosine's systemic impact and pave the way for further investigations into its intricate regulatory mechanisms.

A silver nanowires@Prussian blue composite aerogel-based wearable sensor for noninvasive and dynamic monitoring of sweat uric acid

Wearable sweat sensors have shown promise for noninvasive and dynamic monitoring of uric acid (UA), a key indicator in gout management. However, limited UA sensors are reported due to the low concentration in sweat and the inefficient sweat collection. Here, we presented a core–shell aerogel comprised by strongly conductive Ag nanowires (AgNWs) and highly active Prussian blue (PB) to continuously and accurately track sweat UA with the assistance of the microfluidic channel. The AgNWs@PB aerogel possessed a high intrinsic activity, a large active area and ample electron transfer pathways. In addition, the porous structure of the aerogel also provided abundant accessible channels, facilitating the diffusion of electrolyte and UA molecules. Therefore, the AgNWs@PB composite aerogel as a sensing unit demonstrated a high sensitivity of 50.6 µA mM−1 cm−2 towards UA detection, as well as a wide linear range. By integrating the microfluidic channel as a sweat collection unit, we tested the performance of the AgNWs@PB aerogel-based sensor in subjects before and after a purine-rich diet, the results of which were consistent with those detected by a commercial colorimetric assay kit. Furthermore, the as-prepared wearable sensor possessed a satisfactory accuracy in dynamic on-body monitoring of sweat UA within 12 h, which presented a good correlation with blood UA measured with a commercial UA meter. The personalized wearable sweat sensor has a great potential to provide the effective evidence for noninvasive UA control in future.

Flexible microfluidic colorimetric detection chip integrated with ABTS·+ and Co@MnO2 nanozyme catalyzed TMB reaction systems for bio-enzyme free detection of sweat uric acid

BackgroundThe development of wearable detection devices that can achieve noninvasive, on-site and real-time monitoring of sweat metabolites is of great demand and practical significance for point-of-care testing and healthcare monitoring. Monitoring uric acid (UA) content in sweat provides a simple and promising way to reduce the risk of gout and hyperuricemia. Traditional bioenzyme based UA assays suffer from high cost, poor stability, inconvenience for storage and easy deactivation of bioenzymes. Wearable microfluidic colorimetric detection device for sweat UA detection has not been reported. The development of novel wearable microfluidic colorimetric detection chip with no requirement of bioenzymes for sweat UA detection is of great importance for health care monitoring. ResultsFirstly, Co@MnO2 nanozyme with high oxidase-like activity was synthesized and characterized. Co@MnO2 can catalyze the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) directly to generate blue-green colored ox-TMB. Green colored 2,2′-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) radical (ABTS·+) was produced by the oxidation of ABTS by potassium persulfate. UA exhibits distinct quenching effect on Co@MnO2 catalyzed TMB colorimetric reaction system and ABTS·+ based colorimetric system, leading to obvious color fading of the two colorimetric systems. Then, a flexible microfluidic colorimetric detection chip for UA detection was fabricated by assembling Co@MnO2/TMB modified paper chips and ABTS·+ modified paper chips into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic chip. The fabricated microfluidic colorimetric detection chip exhibits good linear relationship for sweat UA detection. The linear range is from 20 to 200 μmol/L with detection limit as low as 6.6 μmol/L. Good results were obtained for the detection of UA in actual sweat from three volunteers. SignificanceThis work provides two bio-enzyme free colorimetric detection systems for UA detection. Furthermore, a simple, low-cost and selective flexible wearable microfluidic colorimetric detection chip was fabricated for noninvasive and on-site detection of sweat UA, which holds great application potential for personal health monitoring and point-of-care testing.

A wearable flexible electrochemical biosensor with CuNi-MOF@rGO modification for simultaneous detection of uric acid and dopamine in sweat

BackgroundIn health assessment and personalized medical services, accurate detection of biological markers such as dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA) in sweat is crucial for providing valuable physiological information. However, there are challenges in detecting sweat biomarkers due to their low concentrations, variations in sweat yield among individuals, and the need for efficient sweat collection. ResultsWe synthesized CuNi-MOF@rGO as a high-activity electrocatalyst and investigated its feasibility and electrochemical mechanism for simultaneously detecting low-concentration biomarkers UA and DA. Interaction between the non-coordinating carboxylate group and the sample produces effective separation signals for DA and UA. The wearable biomimetic biosensor has a wide linear range of 1–500 μM, with a detection limit of 9.41 μM and sensitivity of 0.019 μA μM−1 cm−2 for DA, and 10–1000 μM, with a detection limit of 9.09 μM and sensitivity of 0.026 μA μM−1 cm−2 for UA. Thus, our sensor performs excellently in detecting low-concentration biomarkers. To improve sweat collection, we designed a microfluidic-controlled device with hydrophilic modification in the microchannel. Experimental results show optimal ink flow at 2% concentration. Overall, we developed an innovative and highly active electrocatalyst, successfully enabling simultaneous detection of low-concentration biomarkers UA and DA. SignificanceThis study provides a strategy for sweat analysis and health monitoring. Moreover, the sensor also showed good performance in detecting real sweat samples. This study has shown great potential in future advances in sweat analysis and health monitoring.