Background: Male college students are at risk for weight gain due to unhealthy dietary habits. This study assessed the dietary habits of undergraduate college males. Methods: Online cross-sectional survey (n = 235) of randomly sampled male undergraduate college students. Results: The mean age was 21.15 ± 3.21. Most were enrolled full-time (91.5%), lived off-campus (77.4%), upper class (59.6%), had a campus meal plan (52.8%), and white (51.9%). Mean body mass index (BMI) was 25.02 ± 4.86. Males gained an average of 10.81 ± 13.01 lbs while in college. Most ate one to two servings of fruits (67.1%) and vegetables (65.1%). Significant differences in weight gained during college and fruit consumed was significant [p = 0.02 *]. Male students reported on 20 different foods and drinks they consumed at least “a few times per week.” Most ate fresh fruits (76.1%), prepared a hot meal at home (72.7%), ate fresh vegetables (68.1%). Males also ate at fast-food restaurants (47.7%) and drank coffee (44.4%). Males that reported they drank alcohol (p = 0.03*), diet soda (p = 0.03 *), coffee (p = 0.01 *), and ate at fast-food restaurants (p = 0.02 *) “a few times per week” were found to have significantly gained more weight. Conclusions: Increased intake and consumption of alcohol, diet soda, and fast-food was associated with increased weight gain among college males.

The article is dedicated to the research of the specifics and unspoken rules for compiling the selected works of the Tatar encyclopedic enlightener Kayum Nasyri during the Soviet period. The author analyzes the content, themes, presentation, and scholarly apparatus of the selected works of K. Nasyri published in 1926, 1945, 1953, 1956, and 1974–1975. Their continuity is noted, which was manifested in the consideration of the structure and themes of previous editions, as well as in the inclusion of relevant materials, usually with certain clarifications and/or additions, in new editions. An unspoken rule was the inclusion of previously unpublished manuscript works of K. Nasyri in each collection. The editions lack texts of religious content, but at the same time, they contain materials of far from high artistic quality that include criticism of government representatives or the upper classes of society. Using specific examples, the role of Soviet censorship in the exclusion of individual essays and sections from the works of the Tatar enlightener is determined. For citation: Zagidullin I.K. Specifics of Compiling and Publishing the Selected Works of Kayum Nasyri in the Tatar Language During the Soviet Period. From History and Culture of Peoples of the Middle Volga Region. 2026, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 108–124. https://doi.org/10.22378/2410-0765.2026-16-1.108-124 (In Russian)

John Getty McGee (1816–1883) invented the “Ulster” in the 1860s from his shop in Belfast, Ireland, as a men’s waterproof woolen overcoat for country pursuits such as hunting and traveling. By the 1870s, its popularity had exploded, becoming universally accepted as a fashionable urban daywear item for both sexes, owned even by HRH The Prince of Wales (later Edward VII) (The Belfast Morning News November 4, 1868). Despite this, McGee has fallen to obscurity. This article traces the unusual professional rise of this renowned Belfast “tailor”: from apprenticed to a hatter, to opening a merchant tailoring department, the building of his tailoring brand, his invention of the Ulster overcoat, and its patronization by the upper classes and royalty.

ABSTRACT This research note examines the sociospatial consequences of the fencing and commercialization of Merryland Park in Heliopolis, Cairo. Historically, a genteel, controlled domain catering to Cairo’s upper and middle classes, Merryland has long reflected Cairo’s stratified urban geography. Its transformation – marked by full perimeter fencing and intensified commercial programming under publicprivate partnership – signals a shift from elite leisure toward revenue-driven governance. This paper explores how enclosure and commercialization reshape access, governance and the symbolic function of urban green spaces. The case of Merryland reveals how so-called revitalization can alter not only spatial form but also the very meaning of unstructured use in contexts where exclusivity was already entrenched.

This article presents some results related to an ongoing research project aimed at adapting and incorporating into an educational social network some of the teaching tools and didactic strategies proposed by the Cooperating to Learn / Learning to Cooperate Program. The goal is to teach students to learn in cooperative groups from an inclusive perspective. The study follows a qualitative approach based on a multiple case study methodology. Its purpose is to analyze and interpret how this innovative didactic proposal helps teachers in implementing cooperative teaching and learning processes in virtual environments mediated by digital instructional tools. The research focuses on four upper primary school classes. The selected schools represent different levels of experience in the use of cooperative learning techniques and digital technologies. The results presented here address one of the specific objectives of the study: to evaluate the implementation of cooperative structures adapted to the virtual environment in order to guide learning in cooperative groups. The findings provide evidence of the impact of the proposal on increasing students’ motivation and interest, fostering equitable participation, simultaneous interaction, and mutual support, as well as improving teacher’s professional competence, from the perspective of both students and teachers.

ABSTRACT In this article, we investigate how wealth evolved across social classes following land-encroachment policies implemented in Sonora in the late nineteenth century. Using a database of will inventories from Sonora, we find that the upper class saw large wealth gains following a policy shift, enabling encroachment, but not for other social groups. This indicates that access to previously indigenous land benefited only members of the elite in Sonora. We highlight the role of institutions in shaping wealth and inequality in the early periods of Latin American economic development.

How do some families manage to entrench themselves in the upper class for many generations while others do not? Bringing together economic sociology, political sociology, and stratification, I introduce a concept for the study of multigenerational persistence at the top of a stratified society: kinship interlocks. Kinship interlocks are portions of a kinship network that closely combine great wealth, status, and power. Just as board interlocks connect corporate elites through overlapping board memberships, kinship interlocks connect economic, social, and political elites through family ties. Using a mixed-methods analysis, I find that the intimate exchange of resources in kinship interlocks generates upper-class persistence via two primary mechanisms: it protects kin from economic, legal, and social risk, and it propels kin into higher strata. Processes of kin formation and intimate exchange are co-constitutive with systems of gender, sexuality, and race, such that the most durable portions of an upper class are especially heteronormative and racially dominant. The analysis is based on a unique dataset consisting of the full upper class and all economic, political, and social elites in the first 122 years of Dallas, Texas, along with all mutual family ties.

The main type of burial structure of the Alanian population of the Saltiv culture is a T-type catacomb. The expedition of the N. F. Sumtsov Kharkiv Historical Museum during 1984–2021 investigated 70 catacombs with a longitudinal arrangement of the chamber in relation to the dromos (type ІІ according to K. F. Smirnov) at three sites of the Verkhnii Saltiv necropolis: 37 catacombs at VSB-І, 16 catacombs at the Verkhnii Saltiv burial ground (VSB) III and 17 catacombs at VSB-IV (table 1). According to their dimensional indicators (length, width, depth of the dromos, dimensions of the chamber and others) catacombs of the type II at all areas of the necropolis (VSB-І, VSB-ІІІ, VSB-IV) did not differ significantly from the T-shaped catacombs of the Verkhnii Saltiv necropolis. They do not differ from T-like funerary structures and the number of people buried in them. Burial chambers of catacombs of the type II contain single, paired and collective burials (table 1). The burial inventory from catacombs of the type II finds the widest analogies in the antiquities of the Saltiv culture of the second half of the 8th and first half of the 10th centuries, and does not vary either numerically or typologically from the inventory of the T-type catacombs. According to the elements of the belt set found in the objects studied, it is clear that the population of Verkhnii Saltiv buried the deceased in catacombs with a longitudinal arrangement of the chamber in relation to the dromos for a long time from the second half of the 8th century (catacombs nos. 13, 15 VSB-III; 141, 146 VSB-IV) and until the end of the third quarter of the 9th century (catacombs nos. 71 VSB-І; 6, 20 VSB-IV). The complex found in catacombs of the type II indicates that people of different property status were buried in this type of funerary structures. Thus, both the poorest representatives of the ordinary population of Verkhnii Saltiv were buried in them (catacombs nos. 3 VSB-II; 45, 68, 141, 146 VSB-IV; 8, 9 VSB-II) and representatives of the military upper class (catacombs nos. 29 VSB-І; 6, 25 VSB-III).

Even the most reclusive writers do not exist in complete isolation. They operate within complex networks of family, friends, fellow writers, editors, publishers, and readers. Traces of these networks often survive in fragmented forms. They do so most obviously in archives, whether their own or those of their interlocutors.Footnote1 Such archives are invaluable for scholars seeking to reconstruct the intellectual worlds from which the writer emerged. However, as Collins states, “archives are always fragmentary, made up of what happens to have survived.”Footnote2 Accordingly, archives will never perfectly preserve a writer’s network. Much, perhaps most, of a writer’s network is inevitably lost. As a result, any scholarly biography or reconstruction of a writer’s social network remains partial, shaped as much by the absences that cannot be recovered as by what has survived. As Derrida argues in Archive Fever (1996), the archive is not a neutral space but a contested one, governed by institutional power that decides what is remembered and what is erased.Footnote3 Accordingly, these archival gaps are not random but reflect systemic biases. Lapp has pointed out that one of the principal systemic biases which has been identified is the “heteropatriarchal” nature of most traditional archives.Footnote4 That is to say, traditional archives have generally prioritized the preservation of material relating to straight, white, middle and upper class men, over other members of society.Footnote5 As a result traditional archives have stifled many voices, particularly those of the Global South, women, and the LGBTQIA+ community.Footnote6 Writers from these communities have been overlooked, overshadowed, or marginalized. What is often lost is not merely an isolated letter or reference, but the entire web of relationships that shaped a writer’s intellectual life. For such writers, evidence of these connections may have been lost, never collated, or never recorded in the first place. The archival papers that do exist will likely not be concentrated in one archive but rather sparsely scattered throughout other more prominent people’s archives. As a result, uncovering these networks is extremely difficult. This has two main consequences. Firstly, it becomes difficult, if not impossible, to fully determine with whom lesser-known writers communicated and how those relationships may have shaped their work or career. Secondly, the lack of archival sources means that individuals who might connect two or more lesser-known writers are often rendered invisible, making it harder to identify shared communities, movements, or intellectual exchanges that fall outside dominant literary histories. This article has two aims. First, it illustrates the challenges of reconstructing the networks that linked LGBTQIA+ writers, using the elusive figure of Louis Marbury, a near-invisible but crucial connection between Kay “Kaja” Johnson, Jack Spicer and Robert Duncan. Whilst Johnson was part of the vibrant Bohemian scene in New Orleans during the late 1950s, Spicer and Duncan were key figures in the San Francisco Renaissance during the same period. The meager evidence available of this connective figure is collated from a combination of sources: scant references in letters housed in traditional archives, within the primary texts of the writers in question, and fleeting mentions in the secondary literature. Second, this article serves as a call to action for the academic community, urging scholars to help uncover the identity of the elusive Louis Marbury, the enigmatic connective thread between these writers. Any assistance would be invaluable to my ongoing work on a biography of Johnson, from which this research stems.

ABSTRACT Recent work in the Journal of Occupational Science advanced the premise that critical reflections on Minoritized writers’ social locations as racialized occupational therapy academics in the Global North constitute a decolonial act, with the ability to disrupt dominant ways of thinking and knowing. This paper critically interrogates the multiple hierarchical binaries through which coloniality assures dominance and guarantees unearned advantages to those socially located—not solely as white, upper and middle class citizens of the Global North but as gender-conforming, heteronormative, neurotypical, and abled—contending that the necessary work of decolonizing occupational science is not advanced if some forms of oppression are named and resisted while others are ignored, obscured, minimized, and perpetuated. The paper engages with critical scholarship that views statements of social identity as complicit with colonialism in re-centring white dominance, advances an anti-categorical approach to ‘positionality’, and contends that decoloniality requires more than a simplistic, performative listing of marginalized social identities; all co-existing locations of privilege need to be interrogated critically. Advocating a commitment to South-North scholarship that contests structures of power and the injustices inherent to the status quo, the paper concludes by outlining the need for fusions of resistance, wherein critical activist occupational science and occupational therapy scholars work together towards decoloniality, across all colonialism’s constructed binaries—utilizing everyone’s social locations, leveraging all our privileges and power, and exploiting all our resources and knowledges—to counter epistemicide, and resist, disrupt, dismantle, and transform all colonial ways of disciplinary thinking, knowing, and acting within occupational science.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the interplay between religion and consumption through exploring Muslim consumers’ religiosity and consumption trajectories within the socio-culture conditions of Egypt. Design/methodology/approach This paper adopts a narrative-biographical approach to explore Muslim consumers’ perceptions of their consumption trajectories. This narrative approach was implemented through interviews, observations and field diaries. Data were collected from five families who belong to a higher upper social class. Findings The findings suggest that Muslim consumers experience an undulating pattern throughout their consumption trajectories. They tend to display high, moderate or low-to-non-adherence to religion over the course of their lives, which in turn influences their consumption choices. Additionally, the data reveals the conflicts that participants experience when their consumption decisions contradict their religious beliefs and uncovers the mechanisms, they adopt to resolve these conflicts. Practical implications Based on insights from industries such as women’s fashion, private schooling and higher education, furniture and luxury products, the study offers marketers guidance on how religion can be used in segmentation strategies. It urges marketers to tailor their programmes and unique selling messages to appeal to consumers with varying levels of religiosity. Additionally, it recommends that marketers highlight the benefits of products and services for the whole family, considering the influence family members have on each other’s choices. Moreover, it urges marketers to emphasise in their marketing programmes how their offerings can help resolve the dissonance that arises between consumers’ religious beliefs and their chosen products. Originality/value The authors present a model to interpret Muslim consumers’ religiosity and consumption trajectories, considering various factors beyond religiosity that combines the etic and emic perspectives between religious beliefs and consumption decision. This study collected original data from five Egyptian families and is notable for being the first to adopt a biographical-narrative methodology within the Islamic marketing domain, as well as the first empirical study, to the best of the author’s knowledge, on Egyptian consumers using this approach.

ABSTRACT As in other European contexts, the state-building process in Spain during the first half of the nineteenth century culminated in a centralized, monarchical, and Catholic state that institutionalized the dominance of the upper and middle classes. In response, a republican countermovement emerged, aiming to redirect the liberal revolution toward full democracy. This article analyzes the foundations of this democratic alternative by examining the political thought of one of its most radical leaders, Francisco Pi y Margall. Drawing on interdisciplinary scholarship on fiduciary relationships, it argues that Pi y Margall’s project for a republican transformation of the Spanish state was comprehensively structured by a fiduciary logic of political power and property. The article develops this argument by exploring four core dimensions of his program: the recovery of revolutionary natural law to universalize citizenship; the design of institutions to prevent public agents from exercising power arbitrarily; the federal reorganization of the state and empire through a pact-based model; and the subordination of private property to its social function. In doing so, the article offers a new interpretive framework for Spanish radical republicanism and positions Pi within broader contemporary debates on democracy and the limits of state power.

Smoking is one of the most important causes of preventable deaths and plays a major role in the development of various pulmonary diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the smoking habits and knowledge levels of medical students in clinical training regarding smoking-related lung diseases. This study was designed as a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey. A total of 290 volunteer medical students in their fourth, fifth, and sixth years of education at Harran University Faculty of Medicine were included in the study. Participants were administered a questionnaire inquiring about sociodemographic characteristics, smoking status, and smoking-related lung diseases. Data were analyzed using the SPSS program, and the chi-square test was applied for categorical variables. The mean age of the students was 23.57±1.82, and 30.3% were smokers. The smoking rate was higher among males (75% male, 25% female) and increased with grade level (highest in 6th grade). Most students recognized the relationship between smoking and lung cancer (93.8%) and COPD (93.4%), while fewer associated smoking with asthma (70.0%), interstitial lung diseases (63.4%), pneumonia (61.4%), pneumothorax (52.8%), and tuberculosis (42.1%). A significant difference among the class levels was observed only in the recognition of the smoking-pneumothorax relationship (p<0.05). Cigarette smoking is high among medical students and increases particularly in the upper classes. Although the relationship between smoking and lung cancer and COPD is well known, there are gaps in knowledge regarding its relationship with other lung diseases. More comprehensive and structured education on the health consequences of smoking should be integrated into medical training to better prepare future physicians for tobacco control.

A BSTRACT Introduction: Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) has been a serious public health concern in India. Choosing uncertified medical practitioners (UMPs) for AES treatment significantly delays presentation at proper healthcare facilities, leading to poor outcomes in pediatric AES cases. This study elucidates the socio-economic, demographic, and behavioral determinants influencing treatment-seeking behaviors among parents or caregivers of pediatric AES patients. Methods: This Cross-sectional study was conducted from July to December 2023. Data related to socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, point of contact for seeking the treatment, and factors associated with it, were collected from the parents and caregivers of confirmed AES pediatric patients. Continuous variables were reported as Mean (SD) and/or Median (IQR). Categorical variables were reported as numbers and percentages. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were used to study the relationship between binary dependent variables and categorical independent variables. Results: The first choice for treatment was UMPs in 55/91 (60.4%) cases. Distance of government healthcare facilities 36/49 (73.5%), availability of UMPs near home 39/45 (86.7%), and no awareness about the disease and its treatment 32/49 (65.3%) were key contributors to choosing UMPs. Patient ≥12 years of age [AOR. (95% C.I.), P] = [4.1 (1.9, 17.8), 0.06]; rural resident [1.4 (0.3, 6.2), 0.68]; from upper lower class [5.6 (0.2, 127.2), 0.27] had higher odds of choosing UMPs. Conclusion: We found significant involvement of UMPs in the treatment of pediatric AES patients causing adverse health outcomes. There is an urgent need to strengthen peripheral public health facilities and increase awareness of AES prevention and treatment among the community and healthcare providers.

Pediatric chronic pain is pervasive and associated with myriad adverse consequences, yet due consideration has not been given to the mental health disturbances that often present alongside chronic pain and the etiological mechanisms that potentially underlie both. The current study examined the genetic and environmental etiology underlying chronic pain and internalizing symptomology in middle childhood, considering both independent and co-occurring symptom presentations. The sample comprised 795 children (399 families; Mage = 9.7 years; SD = 0.92) drawn from the Arizona Twin Project. The sample was 51.2% female and was racially/ethnically diverse (59.8% non-Hispanic White, 28.0% Hispanic/Latinx, 3.4% Asian, 3.9% Black, and 4.9% mixed race/other); 31% of twins were monozygotic, 35% same-sex dizygotic, and 34% other-sex dizygotic. Families were socioeconomically diverse based on income to needs ratios (7.3% below the poverty line, 22.9% at or near the poverty line, 15.9% in lower middle class, and 53.9% in middle to upper class). The results indicated that chronic pain was highly heritable (78%). Internalizing symptomology was modestly heritable (32%) and further subject to moderate shared environmental influence (50%). Moreover, 9% of the variance in chronic pain was explained by additive genetic factors shared with internalizing symptomology. In middle childhood, chronic pain and internalizing symptoms are largely distinct, with shared genetic influences accounting for their co-occurrence, supporting the idea that comorbidity increases with age via transactional influences. Results provide novel insight into common liabilities underlying pediatric chronic pain and internalizing symptoms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Words are the most powerful weapon, capable of constructing a beautiful society. A well-built and knowledgeable society can be easily identified if it is enriched by the works of scholars who are concerned about their community. Perumal Murugan, an Indian writer who is one among those scholars who write for the people of the voiceless community. Many of his works speak about the day-to-day problems which are happening all around the society; among them, the novel Pyre (2016) discusses the cultural contribution of our ancient society. The application of a sociological approach in the novel will help to focus the socio-cultural problems which are discussed in the novel. The novel discusses communal pride and its consequences, which further lead to social problems in the society. The aim of the research is to bring out the voice of the subaltern by encouraging them that no one is superior or inferior; everyone is equal in the world. This article focuses on the area where women are subjugated everywhere, whether she belongs to the upper class or lower class and brings out that women too have blood as men, but they are subjugated everywhere, and suggests ways to overcome it.

Abstract In the Sasanian period of Persia, the fascination of the upper classes with Romano- Byzantine iconography led to the production of luxury silver vessels featuring a western-inspired Bacchic-style iconography. This study demonstrates that these objects constitute valuable sources for archaeomusicology. The case of cymbal playing techniques is examined through a comparative iconographic approach. Sasanian silverware depicts numerous cymbal playing techniques also visible in Romano-Byzantine art. Sasanian representations of hand cymbals and frontal cymbal tongs are consistent with the abundant western iconography and preserved ancient instrument specimens. This confirms the value of Sasanian silverware in the study of late antique cymbal playing techniques. Additionally, Sasanian silverware provides testimony regarding lateral cymbal tongs and ankle cymbals, which are poorly documented in Romano-Byzantine sources. An experimental reconstruction confirms that the postures of ankle cymbals players in Romano-Byzantine and Sasanian imageries are compatible with effective cymbal striking, thereby supporting the plausibility that this playing technique existed in Late Antiquity.

Introduction with objective: In Bangladesh, hemophilia patients are not uncommon. Large numbers of haemophilia patients regularly attend in Hemophilia Treatment Center (HTC), Department of Haematology, and Dhaka Medical College Hospital for the management of disease and its complications. The aim of the present study was to assess the socio-demographic characteristics of the hemophilia patients. Materials and Methods: This observational study was carried out among 50 hemophilia patients at the Hemophilia Treatment Center (HTC), Department of Haematology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), and Dhaka from July 2019 to December 2019. Purposive sampling was done according to availability of the patients. All the data were compiled and sorted properly and the quantitative data was analyzed statistically by using Statistical Package for Social Science. Result: Majority of the respondents (38%) were less than or equal 5 years old beside 28% were 6 to 10 years old. 96% respondents were Muslim. 50% patients were unemployed and 46% were students beside only 4% were service holder. 52% patient’s economic status were middle class beside 28% were lower class and 20% were upper class. 92% patients had hemophilia A and 8% had hemophilia B. 68% had mild hemophilia, 24% had moderate and 8% had severe hemophilia. Conclusion: The present study revealed that most of the haemophilia patients belong to a middle socio-economic class, which can interfere their long-term adherence to the expensive therapy. Medicine Today 2026, Vol.38 (1): 82-84

When the Victorian era became the twentieth century, a process of transformation was evident in the popular genre of detective fiction, especially in the depiction of different social classes. Essentially, one view is of the upper classes and their lifestyle as a prerequisite for the preservation of what was most valuable in Britain, while the rest of the population, lesser in various ways, show the deference due to their betters. In contrast, other writers, to a greater or lesser extent, portray the aristocracy and landed gentry as corrupted and their less fortunate neighbours as victims. For all the writers, their stories set in the countryside present a world where alternative paradigms and social mobility are unreal expectations. Although these aspects are of considerable relevance to an understanding of the era, from my reading, critics routinely choose either to barely acknowledge or wholly ignore depictions of social class in crime fiction from this era, accepted as so natural an aspect it is unworthy of analysis.

Background: Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a multifaceted health concern encompassing disturbances in desire, arousal, orgasm, and satisfaction, significantly impacting women’s quality of life. Despite growing female participation in night-shift occupations, data on their sexual health remain scarce in India. Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of FSD among Indian women engaged in night-shift work, identify associated sociodemographic and occupational factors, and evaluate the impact of work duration and shift frequency on the severity of sexual dysfunction. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 154 female healthcare workers aged 21–45 years employed in night shifts for six months or more. Participants completed a semi-structured sociodemographic and occupational proforma and the validated 19-item Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and tests for linear trend, with a P value &lt; .05 considered significant. Results: The prevalence of FSD was 55.2%. Desire and arousal were the most affected domains, followed by satisfaction and pain. The prevalence of FSD was significantly higher among older women, those in upper socioeconomic classes, and participants working ≥ 15-night shifts per month or with shift durations ≥ 6 hours. Conclusion: FSD is highly prevalent among Indian women working night shifts, with occupational stress, irregular sleep schedules, and longer shift durations as major contributors. Addressing these modifiable factors through workplace interventions, counseling, and health education may improve sexual and overall well-being in this population.