Unusual Tasks Research Articles

Педагогические условия развития творческого потенциала обучающихся на уроках литературы в основной школе

This article considers the possibilities of revealing the creative potential of students by creating special pedagogical conditions through the emotional impact on adolescents by means of fine arts with the help of performing a number of interesting, modern, unusual and unfamiliar tasks when studying a work of fiction. In the literature lessons, it is proposed to use forms of work aimed at improving the written language of students, developing their creative potential by activating imagination. The author presents the results of experimental work and draws conclusions about the feasibility of using the proposed pedagogical conditions in teaching practice. Fragments of creative works produced by students following the methods described in the article are provided, vividly demonstrating the outcomes of their application. The novelty of the research lies in its comprehensive approach to developing the creative potential of primary school students.

How Much Retrieval Ability Is in Originality?

ABSTRACTCreative fluency and originality are pivotal indicators of creative potential. Both have been embedded in hierarchical intelligence models as part of the ability to retrieve information from long‐term memory; an ability that is often measured with indicators of retrieval fluency. Creative fluency and retrieval fluency, both expressed by the count of correct responses, are procedurally highly similar. This raises the question how creative fluency and originality are related with retrieval fluency and how both are predicted by other cognitive abilities. In a multivariate study (N = 320), we found that retrieval fluency is very strongly related with creative fluency (r = .87) and substantially related with originality (r = .59). A combined fluency factor still fitted the data well. Cognitive abilities accounted for 63% variance in fluency and 47% variance in originality. After controlling for established cognitive abilities, latent variables for fluency and originality were unrelated with one another. This suggests that the procedural proximity of the ability to fluently generate either information from long‐term memory or ad‐hoc solutions to unusual tasks and the ability to come up with original ideas needs reconsideration. Locating originality below an overarching retrieval factor is contradicted by the present data.

ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ШТУЧНОГО ІНТЕЛЕКТУ У ГАЛУЗІ ВІЙСЬКОВОЇ ЛОГІСТИКИ У КОНТЕКСТІ ТЕХНІЧНИХ ЗАСОБІВ СЛУЖБ ТИЛУ ПРОТЯГОМ СУЧАСНОГО ПЕРІОДУ

The use of artificial intelligence in the field of military logistics with the mastery of modern technologies in the format of maintenance and operation of technical means of fuel, food and clothing services. i.e. flexibility and synchronisation of the static leitmotif from the case of artificial intelligence, respectively, affects the military clash towards the defeat of combatants during the spread of revanchism by Russian mancurts. The illustration in the nominal areas of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in relation to artificial intelligence indicates the priority in the context of military logistics, i.e. the areas of nominal capability, implementation and separation of life support during the supply of material resources in relation to personnel in the modern period. The flexibility, generation and hybridity of modern military events indicates an increase in the capacity of the scope of artificial intelligence in the field of military logistics, i.e. the absoluteness of the concept of the above-mentioned direction in the format of activities in relation to the introduction of computers, creative innovations and/or the case of gadgets. Modality of application with the involvement of practically existing nominal areas of professional activity of military logistics specialists in the introduction of artificial intelligence in terms of conditioning and influence on current events, that is, the discretion of the intelligence of the artificial process with the replacement of individuals is allowed. Functional collision of artificial intelligence in the field of military logistics in accordance with the presence of Russians on the territory of Ukraine during the armed conflict in the format of solving nominal and unusual tasks based on information obtained during the identification of objects and targets using modern artificial intelligence equipment. Accordingly, in the course of analysing the interconnection of technologies for the application of artificial intelligence in the field of military logistics with the involvement of practical experience of creative and innovative technologies in the format of global and nominal level chain management, i.e., the implementation of recommendations on the prospects and ways of developing strategic management with the involvement of artificial intelligence in the field of military logistics. Keywords: artificial intelligence, military logistics, modern combat experience, armed conflict, material support, technical means of fuel, food and clothing services, creative technologies.

RISK MANAGEMENT ASPECTS, WAR AND FURTHER PERSPECTIVES IN CLINICAL TRIALS IN UKRAINE

There is a first time for everything, including a crisis, which often comes unexpectedly and brings with it uncertainty and complexity. It rarely happens that politicians, government or managers are able to assess appropriately the impending danger, anticipate and take the necessary measures to avoid negative consequences. And it does not matter what kind of crisis it is: pandemic, financial and economic one, extreme weather events and associated natural disasters, or war. The crisis almost always contains unusual challenges and tasks, requires non-standard solutions. In addition, it is really important to act quickly. On the other hand, although any crisis has negative consequences, it often can cause the creating of the value for the society, can bring positive changes. Especially it concerns for the crises that continue for months or years. Such a crisis is changing and evolving all the time, and these are characterized by an abrupt development, there are spark and halt over the time. On the over hand, for the industry like clinical trials when the participation/adequate input of each stakeholder is obligatory, it is really necessary to develop overall strategy, ensure synchronicity of actions of all participants. Moreover, not all the stakeholders have direct link/communication among themselves, which adds a level of complexity into the resolution of the risk(s) under such circumstances. Any well-planned strategy cannot be successful without great motivation, clear instructions, good communication among all the parts, appropriate monitoring of the processes, the deliverables and the noncompliance with the following re-training, if necessary. It is fairly much relevant for Ukraine that is subjected to violence and aggression from Russia last 10 years. All group of the industry involved was not prepared for the disaster first, still started understanding, analyzing and reacting appropriately to constantly changing circumstances. That is why the purpose of the article is to research risk management strategies for the risks originating from modern crises, which make ineffective the traditional approaches, without paying attention to new non-traditional, constantly changing, unsustainable, sophisticated threats. At the same time, the purpose is to research new paradigms in multi-agency collaboration to resolve such challenges. The methods which are being used in this article are Empirical/Quantitative Researches, including Observation, Measurement and Comparison ones, Graphic images, outlines, tables have been provided to illustrate the logical sequence of the research. As a result of the study, the main risks affecting clinical trials in Ukraine due to the war and other events were established.

Optical Protective Window Design and Material Selection Issues in the Multi-Sensor Electro-Optical Surveillance Systems.

Multi-sensor imaging systems have a very important role and wide applications in surveillance and security systems. In many applications, it is necessary to use an optical protective window as an optical interface connecting the imaging sensor and object of interest's space; meanwhile an imaging sensor is mounted in a protective enclosure, providing separation from environmental conditions. Optical windows are often used in various optical and electro-optical systems, fulfilling different sometimes very unusual tasks. There are lots of examples in the literature that define optical window design for targeted applications. Through analysis of the various effects that follow optical window application in connection with imaging systems, we have suggested a simplified methodology and practical recommendation for how to define optical protective window specifications in multi-sensor imaging systems, using a system engineering approach. In addition, we have provided initial set of data and simplified calculation tools that can be used in initial analysis to provide proper window material selection and definition of the specifications of optical protective windows in multi-sensor systems. It is shown that although the optical window design seems as a simple task, it requires serious multidisciplinary approach.

Avanzando hacia nuevos desafíos

I am proud to write these lines in this special context of medical and publishing activity. Humanity is facing one of the greatest challenges ever presented to it: fighting an unknown and relentless enemy like SARS-Cov-2. Doctors especially had to face unusual tasks, fight against fear, transmit tranquility and continue helping those who need us most: our patients.

Concerns, Perceived Impact, Preparedness in Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic and Health Outcomes among Italian Physicians: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background:Health care workers (HCWs) are among the professionals at serious risk for the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their mental health. In this sense, the next public health challenge globally will be to preserving healthy HCWs during this pandemic.Aim:The present study has the aim of investigating the relationship among concerns, perceived impact, preparedness for the COVID-19 pandemic and the mental health of Italian physicians.Methods:From March 29th to April 15th 2020, we conducted an online survey using snowball sampling techniques through Limesurvey platform. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple binary logistic regressions.Results:Multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors for perceived job stress were concerns about catching COVID-19 (OR = 3.18 [95% CI = 2.00-5.05] P < .001), perceived impact on job demands (OR = 1.63 [95% CI = 1.05-2.52] P < .05), perceived impact on job role (OR = 2.50 [95% CI = 1.60-3.90] P < .001), and non-working concerns (OR = 1.86 [95% CI = 1.15-3.03] P < .05). With respect to the risk factors for rumination about the pandemic emerged concerns about catching COVID-19 (OR 1.74, [95% CI = 1.12-2.71] P < .05), perceived impact on job role (OR = 1.68 [95% CI = 1.12-2.52] P < .05), and impact on personal life (OR = 2.04 [95% CI = 1.08-3.86] P < .05). Finally, the risk factors for crying at work were perceived impact on job role (OR = 2.47, [95% CI = 1.20-5.09] P < .05), rumination about the pandemic (OR = 3.027 [95% CI = 1.27-7.19] P < .01), watching colleagues crying at work (OR = 3.82 [95% CI = 1.88-7.77] P < .01), and perceived job stress (OR = 3.53 [95% CI = 1.24-10.07] P < .05).Conclusion:In general, our results highlighted that being concerned about being infected/infecting other people, carrying out new and unusual tasks, and witnessing colleagues crying at work were important risk factors for physicians’ well-being. Additional data are necessary to advance understanding of these risk factors in a long-term perspective.

ОЦЕНКА ОПЫТА ВНЕДРЕНИЯ ИКТ В ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНУЮ ПРАКТИКУ ДОШКОЛЬНЫХ ПЕДАГОГОВ

The ICT implementation into the practice of kindergarten teachers reflects the modern realities of education digitalization. This article describes the results of a preliminary study of the experience of preschool teachers in introducing digital technologies into their daily practice of working with children. The purpose of our study was to identify patterns of tasks that teachers solve with the help of ICTs, as well as their attitudes regarding the use of digital technologies in work with preschool children. The study involved 458 preschool educators from public kindergartens in Russia, all of them were women from various regions of the country. The level of professional experience of teachers also varied, from 0.5 to 51 years (M = 13.45, SD = 11.29). The main research tool was the questionnaire from the work of Otterborn et al. (2019), which assesses the patterns of ICT implementation in the practice of preschool education. In particular, the questions related to electronic devices, programs and applications that educators use in working with children, the advantages and disadvantages of using digital technologies in working with children, the experience of successful and unusual tasks that teachers have solved together with children using electronic devices, programs or applications. Among the study participants, different patterns of ICT implementation in the classroom were identified.In addition, respondents note many positive characteristics of such pedagogical practices regarding the presentation of material and group dynamics, as well as additional forms of children's development; at the same time, educators also note risk factors for the physical health and psyche of children when using digital technologies. Thus, as in previous works, a heterogeneous attitude and experience of preschool teachers in the use of ICT in the educational process were revealed.

Psychopathologie de crise : chronique des tensions ordinaires en situation sanitaire extraordinaire. Phase 1 : la réorganisation anxieuse

IntroductionHumanity is facing a global pandemic at the start of 2020. The health systems of each country are reorganizing to cope with an influx of patients. This crisis reorganization is the source of psychological tension that can lead to symptomatic manifestations in many caregivers. This situation is similar in many points to that encountered by soldiers on external operations (loss of usual bearings, feeling of threat, focusing of attention on the crisis, deterioration of living conditions with limitation of the possibility of taking breaks). The aim of this work is to describe at the hospital level the changes in the professional and personal environment linked to the crisis likely to cause stress and then to describe the clinical manifestations observed both on an individual and collective level. Analysis of the situationIn this chapter, after having described the reorganization of the hospital in which we operate, we try to identify various factors likely to have psychological repercussions such as: the perceived urgency of the situation, the achievement of privacy, the reorganization of the work tool and the exercise of unusual tasks in newly formed teams, but also the fear of lack, the anxiety linked to contamination, the uncertainties linked to the threat. Clinical descriptionIn this chapter, we describe the clinical manifestations observed in the caregivers of the hospital in reaction to the crisis. Rather than decompensations, they are mainly anxious manifestations characterized by an increase in somatic concerns, an accentuation of verification rituals, an increase in snacking and the consumption of certain psychoactive substances (coffee, tobacco) and for certain people a character stiffening. On a collective level, it was mainly the misuse of social networks reflecting the group's anxieties (search for meaning and responsibility, need for certainty) that was observed. ConclusionWe then conclude with a description of the approach that led to the establishment of a support system by offering a graduated response, re-assessable over time, compatible with the maintenance of usual activity while maintaining a therapeutic distance.

To a New Normal: Surgery and COVID-19 During the Transition Phase.

To a New Normal: Surgery and COVID-19 During the Transition Phase.

Modularity underlying the performance of unusual locomotor tasks inspired by developmental milestones.

Motor behaviors are often hypothesized to be set up from the combination of a small number of modules encoded in the central nervous system. These modules are thought to combine such that a variety of motor tasks can be realized, from reproducible tasks such as walking to more unusual locomotor tasks that typically exhibit more step-by-step variability. We investigated the impact of step-by-step variability on the modular architecture of unusual tasks compared with walking. To this aim, 20 adults had to perform walking and two unusual modes of locomotion inspired by developmental milestones (cruising and crawling). Sixteen surface electromyography (EMG) signals were recorded to extract both spatial and temporal modules. Modules were extracted from both averaged and nonaveraged (i.e., single step) EMG signals to assess the significance of step-to-step variability when participants practiced such unusual locomotor tasks. The number of modules extracted from averaged data was similar across tasks, but a higher number of modules was required to reconstruct nonaveraged EMG data of the unusual tasks. Although certain walking modules were shared with cruising and crawling, task-specific modules were necessary to account for the muscle patterns underlying these unusual locomotion modes. These results highlight a more complex modularity (e.g., more modules) for cruising and crawling compared with walking, which was only apparent when the step-to-step variability of EMG patterns was considered. This suggests that considering nonaveraged data is relevant when muscle modularity is studied, especially in motor tasks with high variability as in motor development.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study addresses the general question of modularity in locomotor control. We demonstrate for the first time the importance of intraindividual variability in the muscle modularity of unusual locomotor behaviors that exhibit greater step-by-step variability than standard walking. Crawling and cruising, the unusual locomotor modes considered, are based on a more complex modular organization than walking. More spatial and temporal modules, task specific or shared with walking modules, are needed to reconstruct muscle patterns.

Is critical thinking (not)available to pupils of early school education?

The modern world needs people who think, those who think critically, who can function well in a rapidly changing reality. In order to educate such people, their education should be started as early as possible, preferably at the early school education stage. Are the pupils at this stage capable of critical thinking? The article presents the results of research on the development of critical thinking of pupils of third grade of primary school. Children from the experimental class during the preliminary tests did not show high mathematical competences related to the ability to solve unusual tasks and thus did not demonstrate the ability to think critically. During the experimental classes, the experimenter constantly provoked pupils to think using atypical tasks with a deficit or contradiction of data, with an ambiguous solution or with an unrealistic content (senseless in life). As a result of these exercises, in final tests children critically analysed the content of the tasks and data and were reflective at the same time: they perceived the data shortage, they saw the contradiction of data, they noticed the ambiguity and looked for any possible solution, they saw the lack of realism, they completed the missing data and corrected contradictory data and they changed the unreal data to the real ones. Therefore, critical thinking is available to pupils of early school education. Only we have to allow them do it.

Shared right-hemispheric representations of sensorimotor goals in dynamic task environments.

Functional behaviour affords that we form goals to integrate sensory information about the world around us with suitable motor actions, such as when we plan to grab an object with a hand. However, much research has tested grasping in static scenarios where goals are pursued with repetitive movements, whereas dynamic contexts require goals to be pursued even when changes in the environment require a change in the actions to attain them. To study grasp goals in dynamic environments here, we employed a task where the goal remained the same but the execution of the movement changed; we primed participants to grasp objects either with their right or left hand, and occasionally they had to switch to grasping with both. Switch costs should be minimal if grasp goal representations were used continuously, for example, within the left dominant hemisphere. But remapped or re-computed goal representations should delay movements. We found that switching from right-hand grasping to bimanual grasping delayed reaction times but switching from left-hand grasping to bimanual grasping did not. Further, control experiments showed that the lateralized switch costs were not caused by asymmetric inhibition between hemispheres or switches between usual and unusual tasks. Our results show that the left hemisphere does not serve a general role of sensorimotor grasp goal representation. Instead, sensorimotor grasp goals appear to be represented at intermediate levels of abstraction, downstream from cognitive task representations, yet upstream from the control of the grasping effectors.

Стратегическое планирование развития человеческого капитала на промышленных предприятиях

Relevance of the subject matter is caused by the demand of the modern society for high quality workforce, the personneltosolve the tasks of industry and production development particularly in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Therewith, if in the era of industrialization the demand for “gun hands” was high, while the engineering personnel was not so demanded, then in the modern period the need for qualified personnel capable of solving complicated and often unusual tasks is significantly increasing. The demand for semi-skilled employees decreases because of development of the technologies and labor means replacing human workforce. Knowledge, skillsand competences of employees, necessary for modern production sector, become an important factor of the industry. It happens due to the fact that such knowledge, skillsand competences a recurrently required not only from engineeringemployees, manager sand office-management personnel, but also from the employees who should be able to work with the modern equipment by modern technologies. Objective of the Study: The objective of the paper is to study the formation of human capital assets, strategic planning of human capital assets at the modern industrial enterprises of Kazakhstan. Methods of the Study: The leading method for studying the subject matter is strategic analysis(according to the data of the KazStat (RK statistical agency) and other strategic data), as well as selective questionnaires (poll) of the heads of the enterprises. Results of the Study: This paper represents the main approaches to the notion of “human capital assets”. It has been defined that it is a potential of enterprise, i.e. the capacity of the work force to solve both the current and perspective tasks connected with the development. Practical Significance: The materials of the paperrepresent practical value for the industrial enterprises of both Kazakhstan and other countries on the part of the activities connected with personnel management.

Nell Nelson's Undercover Reporting

On assignment for the Chicago Times in the late 1880s, Nell Nelson was commissioned by the newspaper to pose as a shop girl in Chicago factories. She was among many stunt girl reporters who were hired to do dangerous or unusual tasks then write about them. Stunt girls exposed corruption, at the same time providing entertainment for their readers. Nelson's firsthand accounts in “City Slave Girls of Chicago” detailed labor conditions of poor, working-class women. The Chicago series of twenty-one articles were collected into a book and resumed in the New York World. Nelson's sympathetic narratives attracted readers and inspired public debate for labor reform, which provided more evidence that women could write compelling investigative news stories.

Risk factors in emotional and personal development of senior preschool children from different social strata (middle-high and middle-low social layers)

IntroductionMethodological basis of Vygotsky's scientific school implemented in the study provides possibility to detect risk variants in emotional and personal development of children from different social strata and to explore the mechanisms responsible for pathological development.Objectives and methodsThe study included two groups:(1) children from a middle-high social stratum (n = 31); (2) children from a middle-low social stratum (n = 36). All the children were between ages 5.5–7 years at the moment of research, lived in Moscow and attended extracurricular activities. Following methods were used: objective description of child's development in socio-cultural context; semi-structured interview; long-term overt and covert observations; diagnostics of intellectual, emotional and personal school readiness.ResultsChildren from the 1st group demonstrate higher level of intelligence; they are more successful in solving unusual tasks. Children from the 2nd group tend to follow instructions given by teacher. Children from the 1st group unlike those from the 2nd one are characterized by lower level of social competence; they encounter difficulties in establishing contacts and don’t perceive hierarchy in adult–child relationship. Mass protection typical for children from the 1st group and hyper-satisfaction of their needs determine decrease of frustration and don’t deepen their personal experience providing basis for pathological development. Children from the 2nd group are more inclined to demonstrate alarm reactions, but in general they possess higher level of emotional and personal maturity and social flexibility.ConclusionSocio-cultural environment has a direct say in potential risk zones of child development.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Occupational safety and health in North Cyprus: Evaluation of risk assessment

Surveillance data show that preventable occupational accidents persist in North Cyprus despite the occupational safety and health (OSH) law. The main objectives of this study were to determine employer awareness of this law, to find out to what extent the employers fulfilled their obligations to conduct risk assessments, and to measure the effectiveness of the law and the risk assessments taking place. Study methods included oral interviews and written surveys of employers of small and medium sized businesses. In most of the workplaces studied, employers did not pay attention to occupational safety. Seventy-five percent were unaware of an OSH law. Of those that knew of the law, 95% did not know what the law encompassed, and 87% of companies did not fulfill the risk assessment (RA) requirement or take preventive actions. Ninety-eight point nine percent reported that a government labor office inspector never visited their company for an OSH inspection. Companies that carried out risk assessments found the law sufficient and conducted satisfactory risk assessments. Areas that need attention include risk assessments of rare and unusual work tasks and those associated with temporary contract employees. Monitoring of the work environment and using risk assessments for future planning was not common practice. The lack of preventive inspections by government labor office inspectors appears to be the main reason why employers are not meeting the extremely important RA obligation. This study highlights the current practice around OSH law in North Cyprus and suggestions are made for future improvements.

Понимание понятийного текста и владение понятиями

We address the issue of the relationship between conceptual thinking and understanding of conceptual texts only from the following angle: whether or not can working towards a profound understanding of texts that describe concepts promote the use of these concepts in unusual tasks. Employing the methods of classical statistics and factor analysis, we compare the metasubject outcomes of primary education in two samples of children that differ only in one teaching factor: the experimental classes were consistently working on creating and using conceptual texts. The principle of this teaching work was to establish a situation of bilingualism when introducing new concepts: to write down new characteristics of the studied subject in the language of graphical schemes and at the same time in verbal form and to translate sentences about this subject from one language into another. As it was revealed, this specially organized work with conceptual texts results in the following: (1) an increase in the level of mastery of learnt concepts if these concepts are presented in verbal form; (2) a better understanding of information texts with unfamiliar conceptual content, that is, one of the key elements in self-learning emerges.

Safety Overhead

This article emphasizes the importance of safety standards and codes developed by ASME for ensuring construction safety. Within the committee framework managed by ASME, the B30 standards committee is always looking to incorporate the industry's latest technological advances and best practices. While the basic principles of ancient machines are still applicable in many modern lifting devices, advances in materials and technology have allowed for cranes to be adapted to aid in accomplishing difficult and unusual tasks. Some cranes are even used to erect other cranes, which then go on to build the skyscrapers that dot our skyline. Even with all these changes, ensuring safety is just as important today as it was in 1916. ASME is leading the way in helping to ensure cranes can be a common and essential part of the everyday landscape.

Developing Student's Motivation to Learn Foreign Language in Tertiary Classroom and Beyond

Correction of time deficit in acquiring the required level of command of English is possible only due to more active use of extramural activities: student's independent work and project work. Unfortunately, many students, especially those at a lower levels of command of language have insufficient motivation to continue their learning. The aim of the paper is to present a set of techniques used to boost motivation to learn English among students of engineering tertiary school. The techniques used were partially borrowed from secondary and primary school practice and adapted to suit the new demographics. At the heart of the method is the notion to make students use language outside classroom in preselected but non-adapted context: reading excerpts from Wikipedia, declamation, creative tasks. It is further informed by psychology and builds upon feeling of fulfillment binding it with studying English. The method was applied to several group of engineering students and resulted in some increase in attendance and significant increase in attempts at homework which we interpret as indicators of increased motivation. Intensive use of different games, unusual tasks and assignments allowed students to show their creative ability and imagination. The use of authentic materials while a naturally more challenging task is more rewarding not only from linguistic point of view, but motivationally as well. Many students regardless their level of English are interested in technology and results of modern research. This interest may and should be used to boost motivation. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n5s1p240